六届团支书联席会复习宝典级课件b5u3

UnitThree

BusinessstrategiesBusinessstrategies:along-termapproachtoimplementingafirm'sbusinessplanstoachieveitsbusinessobjectives.Strategyofanorganizationistheroadmaptowardsattainmentofitslongtermgoalsandobjectives.Organizationalstrategyconsistsofplanning,organizing,execution,andcontrolactivities.Businesslevelstrategyisthefirmspecificstrategythatfacilitatesingaining

competitiveadvantageinthemarket.

Businessesmustconsideratleastsixessentialaspectsofmanagement.1)ASSETS(financialresources),2)NATURALRESOURCES,3)LABOR,4)COMMUNICATIONS,5)MARKETING,and6)ORGANIZATIONLEADERSHIP.Eachoftheseisacomplexareaofmanagement,anditisunlikelythatasinglepersonwillbecapableoflearningtherequiredskillsandworkingefficientlyinallofthem.Therefore,modernmanagementischaracterizedbymanagerswhospecializeintheirgivenmanagementareaandwhoarepartofamanagementteam.ItistruethatsomemanagementsystemshaveaCHIEFEXECUTIVEOFFICER(CEO)inthetopmanagementposition,butinmostcasestheCEOisaspecialistintheoneareathisbusinessbelievesitssuccessdependson.Anotherimportantcauseofdiversityinbusinessmanagementisduetoculturaldifferencesindifferentareasoftheworld.Allculturesdifferinsomesignificantandsubtleways,soitisnotagreatsurprisethatbusinessmanagementstrategieswillreflecttheattitudesandvaluesoftheculturesinwhichthecompanyisfound.PartOnePreparation1.TalkingaboutsuccessfulcompaniesSteponeWorkingroupstotalkaboutthefourcompaniesandtheirproductsandthencompletethefollowingtable.Thelistbelowisforyourreference.air-conditioner,mobilephone,facecream,toothpaste,soap,detergent,fruitmilk,mineralwater,futureCola,washingmachine,refrigerator,shampoo

Match海尔联想青岛啤酒中国移动格力五粮液中国航空集团公司中国银行华为中兴HuaweiLenovoZTEChinaMobileAirChinaWuliangyeGREEBankofChinaHaierTsingtaoBreweryCompaniesProductsmobilephonefruitmilk,mineralwater,futurecolafacecream,soap,shampoo,toothpaste,detergent…refrigerator,air-condition,washingmachine,mobilephone…StepTwoContinueyourgroupworktodiscusswhatmakesthesecompaniessosuccessful.Thefollowingfactorsareforyourreference:companyimage,efficientmanagement,qualifiedstaff,stafftraining,advertising,qualityofproducts,after-saleservice,salespromotion,marketing,financialresourcesWordsandPhrasesYouMayUsepayattentionto

attachimportanceto

put...inthefirstplacedependon

makegreateffortto

beofvitalimportancetobrand(品牌，牌子)customer’sneedafter-saleservice(售后服务)customers’trustinbrand

receivefurthertrainingandrecruitexcellentstudents(招收优秀学生)anatmosphereofcompetitionandcooperationSampleAnswer

(1)Successfulcompaniesalwaysmakegreateffortstomaketheircompaniesorbrandsfamous.Theirbrandsnotonlystandforcertainproducts,butareassociatedwithpopularity,highquality,trust,sincerityandsoon.Haier

First,theypayspecialattentiontotheimageoftheircompanies.IrememberZhangRuimin,CEOofHaierGrouponcesaid,“Sellthebrandbeforesellingtheproducts.”SampleAnswer

(2)Second,theyputtheneedsofcustomersinthefirstplace.Forinstance,Motorolakeepsontailoringthestyleandthefunctionofitsmobilephonestothespecialneedsofusers.Haiereveninventedwashingmachinestowashpotatoes,inadditiontowashingmachinesforclothes.MotorolaSampleAnswer(3)Furthermore,thesizeoftheirwashingmachinesrangesfromwashingapairofsockstotenkilo(gram)sofclothes.Aftersaleserviceisofvitalimportancetoo,especiallyforthosecompaniessellinghouseholdappliancesandothermachines.Intheireyes,asuccessfuldealisonlythefirststepandafter-saleservicemaybemoreimportant,whichaffectstheimageofthecompanies,customers’trustinthebrandandtheirfuturechoicewhenbuyingsimilarproducts.SampleAnswer(4)Third,thesuccessofcompaniesdependsonthequalityoftheiremployees.Everyyeartheyrecruitexcellentstudentsathighcostandmostoftheemployeeshavethechancetoreceivefurthertrainingafterworkinginthecompaniesforacertainperiodoftime.Somecompaniesevenarrangefortheiremployeestoreceivemilitarytraining.Atthesametime,theymakeeffortstocreateanatmosphereofcompetitionandcooperationwithinthecompanies.Thisisalsoveryimportantforthesuccessofacompany.BusinessQuotationsOnLeadership"Skillintheartofcommunicationiscrucialtoaleader'ssuccess.Hecanplishnothingunlesshecancommunicateeffectively."

–NormanAllen"Leadershipisthewiseuseofpower.Poweristhecapacitytotranslateintentionintorealityandsustainit."

–WarrenBennis"Sixtraitsofeffectiveleaders:1.Makeothersfeelimportant;2.Promoteavision;3.Followthegoldenrule;4.Admitmistakes;5.Criticizeothersonlyinprivate;6.Stayclosetotheaction.Examplehasmorefollowersthanreason.Weunconsciouslyimitatewhatpleasesus,andapproximatetothecharacterswemostadmire."

–ChristianNevellBovee"Leadershipistheartofgettingsomeoneelsetodosomethingyouwantdonebecausehewantstodoit."

–DwightD.Eisenhower"Aleaderhasthevisionandconvictionthatadreamcanbeachieved.Heinspiresthepowerandenergytogetitdone."

–RalphLauren"Thebestleadersarethosemostinterestedinsurroundingthemselveswithassistantsandassociatessmarterthantheyare.Theyarefrankinadmittingthisandarewillingtopayforsuchtalents."

–AmosParrish"Reasonandjudgmentarethequalitiesofaleader."

-PubliusCorneliusTacitus2.BeingaGoodManagerStepOneNowsupposeyouarethemanagerofasmallcompany.Yourcompanyhasbeensellingfewerofitsproductsrecently.Andyouhavedecidedtolayoffoneofyourstaffmembersforhighefficiency.Putdownthenameofhepersonyouaregoingtofireandgiveyourreasons.WordsandPhrasesYouMayUsesetanexampletofollowhisexampleaheavyburdenIcan’tstand...lowefficiencyinthelongrunTracy:isanirregulartimekeeperbutwhensheisonform,sheisprobablythebestworkeryouhave.Sheis30.Maria:isnotagoodworkerbutshehasbeenwiththefirmfortwentyyears.Shehaseightchildren.Sheis47.Henry:isverylazy.Heknowsoneortwothingsaboutyourprivatelife,whichyoudon’twanthimtotellanyone.Heis24.Paul:istheshopstewardandhekeepstheworkersquietbypromisingactionwhentheygetangry,andthendoingnothing.Heis45.Tim:istheforeman.Hedoesverylittle.Theworkerslikehimasaperson.Heis50.ThepersonIwillfireis_______Myreason:_____________________Sample:IwouldfireTim,theforeman.Heisniceasaperson,butheisnotagoodworker.Aforemanshouldsetanexampleforhisfellowworkers.Besides,heisalready50.Iwouldprefertohavesomeyoungstaffinthecompany.StepTwoWorkingroupstoelectthemostpromisingmanagerinyourgroup.Eachmemberreportstheirdecisionalongwiththeirreasons.Judgingfromthedecisionmadebyeachone,whatdoyouthinkishisorhermanagementstyle?Whointhegroupdoyouthinkwillmakethemostsuccessfulmanager?Discuss:Whatagoodmanagerwillprobablydo?Sample:Beforedecidingtofireanyofthem,agoodmanagerwillfirstidentifytheproblemandtrytosolveit,sincehiringandtrainingareplacementemployeeismorecostlythanfixingtheproblem.Maybetheemployeeisjustnotintherightposition;achangeindutiescouldturneverythingaround.Maybehelackstheproperskillstodohisjob;morejobtrainingcouldbeofgreathelp.Maybethereisalackofmotivation,ortheemployeehassomepersonalproblems,orheissimplydisorganizedorsloppy.Agoodmanagermustknowhowtodealwithproblememployeessuccessfully.Sample:It’sinterestingtofindthatwehavedifferentopinionsaboutthepersontobefired.TheonewhowantstofireTimorPaulisapersonwhovaluesperformanceinworkalot.TheonewhowantstofireMariaorHenryseemstopaymoreattentiontoefficiencyinwork.Afterdiscussionamongus,weallagreethattheonewhowantstofireHenrywillmakethemostsuccessfulmanager.Agoodmanagermustvalueefficiencyhighlyandhavegreatcouragetoachieveit.3.DescribingTrendsStepOneThewordsandphrasesintheboxcanbeusedtodescribetrends.Workinpairstoputthemintherightcategory.anincreaseadropareductionadeclinetoincreasetogouptoreachapeaktohit/falltothelowestpointtoremainthesametodeclinetogodowntodroptoremain/stayconstanttoremainstableslight(ly)sharp(ly)dramatic(ally)steadysteadilygradual(ly)considerableconsiderablyWordsandphrasesthatmean1)“torise”or“arise”:anincrease;toincrease;togoup;toreachapeak2)“tofall”or“afall”:adrop;areduction;adecline;tohit/falltothelowestpoint;todecline;togodown;todrop3)“nochange”or“nodifference”:toremainthesame;toremain/stayconstant;toremainstableAdjectivesandadverbsthatdescribe4)asudden,largechange:sharp(ly);dramatic(ally);considerable;considerably5)averysmallchange:slight(ly)6)aregularchange:steady;steadily;gradual(ly)StepTwoThefollowinggraphshowssalestrendsofacompanybetween1994and2000.lookatthegraphcarefullyandanswerthequestionsbelow.Usethewordsandexpressionsinboldtohelpyou.Salesin$MillionQuestions:1)Inwhichyeardidclothingsalesandtoysalesremainapproximatelythesame?2)Duringwhichperioddidclothingsalesrisesteadily?3)Duringwhichperioddidtoysalesdecreasesignificantly?4)Duringwhichperiodwasthereaslightincreaseintoysales?5)Duringwhichperiodwasthereadramaticriseintoysales?6)Inwhichyeardidclothingsalesreachapeak?7)Inwhichyeardidtoysaleshitthelowestpointovertheseven-yearperiod?8)Duringwhichperioddidtoysalesremainconstant?9)Duringwhichtwoperiodswasthereasharpdropinclothingsales?10)Inwhichyearwastherethebiggestdifferencebetweenclothingsalesandtoysales?In1997.1997-2000.1994-1995.1998-1999.1995-1996.In2000.In1995.1996-1997.1994-1995and1996-1997.

In1994.

StepThree

Workinpairs:1)Graph1belowshowsacompany’ssalestoSouthAsiaoveraone-yearperiod.Describeittoyourpartner,whoshoulddrawitonGraph1’.2)Listentoyourpartner’sdescriptionofGraph2anddrawitonGraph2’.3)Comparethegraphsyouandyourpartnerdrewwiththeoriginalones.SalestosouthAsia($Million)Graph1SalestosouthAsia($Million)Graph1’Exports($Million)Graph2Exports($Million)Graph2’Graph1Thegraphshowsthefluctuationinacompany'ssalestoSouthAsiaoveraperiodoftwelvemonths.Accordingtothegraph,salestoSouthAsiaincreasedsteadilyfrom7milliondollarsinJanuaryto10milliondollarsinMay.Afterthis,salesfelldramatically,hittingthelowestpointinJuneat6milliondollars.TherewasthenaslightincreaseinJuly.BetweenJulyandSeptembersalesstayedconstantatalittleover6milliondollars.TherewasthenasharprisebetweenSeptemberandNovemberwithapeakof11milliondollarsinNovember.AfterNovembersalesdecilnedsignificantlyto8milliondollars.Grapg2Thegraphshowsacompany'sexportsbetween1995and2004.Exportsfellsreadilyfrom15milliondollarsin1995to14milliondollarsin1997.Thentheywentupsharply,reachingapeakof17milliondollarsin1998.Afterthis,therewasaslightdeclinein1999.Between1999and2002exportsfellandroseevenlywithaplateau(高原)around2001of16milliondollars.Therewasthenasteepfallinexportsfromnearly17milliondollarsin2002to13milliondollarsin2004.Listening1Exercise1:Beforelisteningtothetape,studytheorganizationalchartandtheresponsibilitiesofthemanagersofamarketing-orientedfirm.Workinpairstofillineachoftheblankswiththecorrespondingresponsibilityofeachmanager.GeneralManagerPersonnelManagerProductionManagerFinancialManagerSalesManagerA.recruiting;selecting;wagesandsalaries;employeerelationsB.marketingresearch;salesforecasting;productplanning;salessupervision;advertisingC.acquisitionoffunds;budgets;workingcapital;capitalbudgeting;accountingD.Researchanddevelopment;scheduling;manufacturing;qualitycontrolExercise2:ListencarefullyanddecidewhoisspeakingbasedontherolesstatedinExercise1.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.1)SalesManager2)3)4)5)6)7)FinancialmanagerProductionmanagerFinancialmanagerGeneralmanagerSalesmanagerGeneralmanagerExercise3:Listenagaintoknowthesuggestion/decisionofeachspeaker.Fillinthemissinginformationwithwhatyougetfromthetape.Checktheanswerswithyourpartner.Suggestion/decisionPurposeSalesmanagertoincreasesalesandmakeaprofitFinancialmanagertobeinastrongerpositionProductionmanagertobecomemorecompetitiveGeneralmanagertogetthecontractandhaveprofitinhandincreasingspendingonadvertisingreducecostsintroduceanup-to-dateproductmakeHarrisagoodofferScripttolistening1Salesmanger:look,it’sobvious.Ifweincreasesales,we’llmakeaprofit;anditwewanttoincreaseoursales,we’llhavetoincreaseourspendingonadvertising.Financialmanager:No,you’reabsolutelywrong.Wehaven’tgotthemoneytoincreaseourspendingonadvertising.Ifweincreasedourspendingandstilloursalesdidn’tgoup,wewouldbeinseriousfinancialdifficulties.Weshouldthinkaboutreducingourcosts.Ifwereducedourspendingonadvertisingandonotherthings,thenwe’dbeinastrongerposition.Productionmanager:Ithinkwhatweneedisanewproduct.Theproductswearesellingnowareingold-fashioned.Fewpeoplewanttobuythem.Ifweintroducedamoreup-to-dateproductwe’dbemorecompetitivenow.Financialmanager:butwehaven’tgotthemoneytobackanewdesign.Generalmanager:gentlemen,please!Let’snottalkabout“ifwedidthissuchandsuchwouldhappen.”let’sthinkoftherealpossibilities.NowwhataboutthecontractwithHarris.Arewegoingtogetit?Salesmanager:Ithink–ifIgoandseeHarristomorrowandmakehimagoodoffer,we’llgetthecontract.Ifwedelay,we’llbetoolate.Generalmanager:well,ifwecangetthecontract,we’llhavesomeprofitinhand.So,goaheadandmakehimtheoffer.Thenwe’lldiscussouradvertisingsituation.Listening2Newwords:adhereto,flextimesystem,core,jobdescription,canteen,sittingExercise1:Listentothetalkandthendiscussinpairsthefollowingquestions.1)Whoisthespeaker?2)Towhomdoyouthinkthespeakeristalking?3)Whydoesthespeakerexplaintherulesand

regulationsfirst?4)Howmanypointsdoesthemanagercover?

Whatarethey?Keys:

1)Whoisthespeaker?Personnelmanagerofthecompany.2)Towhomdoyouthinkthespeakeristalking?Newemployeesofthecompany.

3)Whydoesthespeakerexplaintherulesandregulationsfirst?Tohelpthemknowwhattheycando,whattheymustdoandwhattheyshouldn’tdosoastoavoidtroubleandmakethecompanyahappyplacetoworkin.4)Howmanypointsdoesthemanagercover?Whatarethey?Threepoints:flextime(system),holidaysandlunch.Exercise2:Readtheinformationgivenbelowfirst.Then,asyoulistenagain,decideiftheinformationyouheardcorrespondstotheinformationgivenbelowornot.Staffmembers’rulesandregulations1)maychoosewhattimetostartwork2)needn’tworkbetween10and33)mustn’tworklessthan37hoursaweek4)canclaimamaximumof10hoursovertimepermonth5)shouldinformtheirdepartmentalheadseachMondayoftheirweeklyhours6)muststarteachdayatthesametimeinanyoneweek7)needn’tworkwhenthecompanyisclosed8)cantake8days’holidayanytimeoftheyear9)canhavelunchinthecanteen10)mustbuylunchticketsonFridayforthefollowingweekTTTTTFFFFFExercise3:Workingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1)Ifyouwereanemployeeofacompany,wouldyoulikeyourcompanytoadopttheflextimesystem?Supportyouranswer.2)Ifyouwerethemanagerofacompany,wouldyouliketoadopttheflextimesystem?Giveyourreasons.Scripttolistening2Goodmorning,I’dliketoeyoutoourorganization.Nowyouallknowwhichdepartmentsyouaregoingto,butbeforeyougooff,I’mgoingtotellyoualittlebitaboutusandabouttherulesandregulationswhichwetrytoadhereto.Thereasonwhywehavetheserulesisthattheyhelpusalltoknowwhatwecando,whatwemustdoandwhatweshouldn’tdo–andinthelongrunmakethisahappyplacetoworkin.Firstofalltheflextimesystem.Mostofyoucanchoosewhattimeyouaregoingtostartandfinish.However,youmustallbehereforcoretime,whichisfrom10till3.Youshouldallworkforaminimumof37hoursaweekandnormallyyoushouldn’tworkmorethan41hours.Ifyoulookatyourjobdescriptionsyou’llseethatyoushouldputinanaverageof38.5hoursaweek.Thismeansyoucanputinuptoanextra2.5hoursperweek.However,attheendofamonthyoushouldn’thavemorethan10hoursovertime,becauseonly10hourscanbeclaimed.Ifthatclear?Youallhave18days’holidayayear.Tenofthese18daysmustbetakenduringJulywhenthecompanywillbeclosed.Theothereightdaysmaybetakenineitheroneortwoinstallments,forexamplefivedaysandthreedaysorsixdaysandtwodays,etc.Butyoucan’thaveeightseparatesingledaysofforfour2-dayperiodoff.Wehaveacanteenhere,whereyoucanhavelunch.LunchticketsareonsaleonMondaymorningsonlyandthismeansyoumustbuyyourticketsthenfortherestoftheweek.Thecanteenisopenbetween12:30and2o’clockandtherearetwosittings.YoushoulddecideonMondaywhichsittingyouaregoingtoattendandtellthesupervisorwhenyoubuyyourtickets.So,anyquestionsaboutthesethreepoints–flextime,holidaysandlunch–beforeImoveontothenextmatter?PartTwoReading-CenteredActivitiesIn-ClassReadingPre-ReadingQuestionsDirections:Itisoftensaidthatincompetitivesituationsonlythefittestsurvives.Nowworkinpairstodiscusswhetherthestatementistrueornot.WordsandPhrasesYouMayUse:fiercecompetition,cooperation,themarketeconomy,lawofthejungle,gobankrupt,thedisadvantaged,prosperous,outdo,keytosuccess,innovation,adaptto,allwalksoflifeNOTE:“Survivalofthefittest”isaphrasequotedfromPrinciplesofBiologybytheEnglishphilosopherHerbertSpencer(1820-1903).SAMPLE:“Thefittestsurvives”meansthatinanycompetitivesituationthelessfitcompetitorsarequicklydestroyedordefeated.Ithinkit’strue.Thebusinessworldisagoodcaseinpoint.Thereisnowsharpcompetitionamongbusinesses.

Forexample,asmoreandmorerestaurantsareopened,theonesthatprovidenicedisheswithreasonablepricesattractmorecustomersandmakegreaterprofits;whereasthosethatprovidepoorfoodwithhighpriceswillcertainlyclosedownsoonerorlater.

Theuniversity,tosomeextent,isalsoaplacewherethereissharpcompetition.

Studentswhoidleawaytheirtimeanddonotstudyhardwillhavetodropouteventually,or,eveniftheymanagetofinishtheirstudy,willstandapoorchanceofgettingagoodjob.BusinessLessonsFromtheRainForestTextComprehensionSummaryoftheTextAsaJapaneseentrepreneurTakashiKuichicompareda_________________________withtherainforest.Resourcesandhumanforcecanbearrangedinnature-likewaywithoutmuchneedof_______supportandconsumptionof_______resourcessoastoremainhighlyproductiveatthesametime.Thentheauthordiscussedthree______principles,whichalsocanbeusedinoperatingabusiness:Differentiate;_________;Beagoodfit.Wecanlearnmuchfromthenaturalsystemsoastoreachabetterunderstandingofourownexistence.healthybusinessorganizationexternalinternaldesignCooperate课文赏析本文的作者是日本三菱电气的主管人员，他站在一个商业经营者的角度探讨自己在马来西亚的雨林旅行的时候从雨林中体会到的一些关于企业经营的理念。作者主要着眼于雨林的组成结构，提出要把公司经营得像雨林一样，用更少的资源做更多的事情，而且不断发展壮大，为此作者就雨林的三个特点进行了讨论：

（1）各不相同，保持特色； （2）与人合作； （3）成为成功的适应者。作者提出公司的需要和环境的需要从长远看是一致的，并指出企业的全部精髓就是社会责任。IdentifytheLessons

________1)Defeatothercompetitorsforsurvival.________2)Establisharecyclingsystem.________3)Makehighestprofitbycuttingcosts.________4)Learntoadapttowhatwedon’thave.________5)Developuniquequalityproducts.Directions:Workinpairstoidentifywhichofthefollowingarethelessonstheauthorlearnsfromtherainforest.Puttheparagraphnumberbeforeeachofthelessonsyouidentify.Para.6Para.13IdentifytheLessons

_______6)Makebestuseofwhatwepossess._______7)Buildupjointventurerelationshipswithothercompanies._______8)Developacomplexandcreativehumanecosystem.Para.21Para.14Para.92.1)C2)B3)A4)B5)C6)D7)D8)B.1.Whatllearnedchangedmylifeasacorporateexecutive(L7-8)The“what-clause”inthissentencefunctionassubject.Moreexamples:Whatisvaluableabouttherainforestisnotthetrees,whichwecanremove.Whatisvaluableisthedesign,therelationships,fromwhichcomestherealvalueoftheforest.(L46-48)WhatIlearnedfromtherainforestiseasytounderstand.(L91)The“what-clause”inthefollowingsentencesfunctionasobject.WhenIvisitedtherainforest,Irealizedthatitwasamodeloftheperfectlearningorganization,aplacethatexcelsbylearningtoadapttowhatitdoesn’thave.(L26-28)Second,basedonwhatwesee,Wemusttakeaction…(L40-41)2.Whiletherainforesthasmanydesignprinciples,let’sdiscussthree.(L52)“While”introducesanadverbialclausewiththesamemeaningas“although”WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.3.Onlythenisittimetoreducecostsandgrowmoreefficient.(L62)When“Only+adverbial”isputatthebeginningatasentence,thissentenceshouldbeinverted.Moreexamples:

Onlylaterdidtheyrealizewhataterriblethingitwas.

Onlybychancecouldyoumeether.

Onlyaftershehadfinishedallthechoresdidhehavearest.4.Itistheonlyway,fortheinterestsofthebusinessandtheinterestsoftheenvironmentarenotpatible.(L92-93)Inthissentence,doublenegationisusedforemphasisonthepositivemeaning.e.g.Notmanypeoplehavenowheretolive.

(Mostpeoplehavesomewheretolive.)Noneofushavenevertoldlies.(Allofushavetoldliesatsometime.)1.

conformity(L53):n.actionorbehaviorthatisinagreementwithestablishedrules,customs,etc.

一致，符合同根词:conformv.

(to)和······一致；与······符合（对规则、风俗、社会规范）遵从，顺从

conformistn.

遵奉者,英国国教徒

e.g.Shebehavedinconformitywithherbeliefs.

她的行为和她的信仰一致。

Hedidn’tconformtotheschoolregulations.

他不遵守校规。

2.

engagein(L67)忙于，定婚

e.g.Hewasengagedinprotectingwildbirds.RightnowIamengaged.Thelineisengaged.Hisdaughterisengagedtoayoungteacher.【记忆法】

objectiveadj.

客观的Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheknown.

科学的目标主要是发现，以及随后的对于已经发现的事物的理解。

3.objective

n.thingaimedatorwishedfor;

purpose目标，目的purpose指的是“明确的，固定的目标”。Beingsuccessfulwasherpurposeinlife.

出人头地是她生活的目标。aim

强调的是为实现目标而进行的努力。Heraimwastoraisefilmtoanartform.

她的目标是将电影升华为一种艺术的形式。object

用来强调一种目的和需要。Hisconstantobjectwastheachievementofpleasure.

他一直在追求享受。objective

侧重于“看得见摸得着”的目标。Theirobjectiveistoseizetheoilfields.

他们的目的就是夺取油田。purpose,aim,object,objective,

辨析：resourceful

adj.

资源丰富的,足智多谋的resourcefulness

n.

足智多谋resourceless

adj.无方略的,无资力的leavesb.tohisownresources

不去打扰某人，让某人(在困境中)自立求生4.resourcen.

①sth.suchasland,minerals,ornaturalenergythatexistsinacountryandcanbeusedtoincreaseitswealth资源，财富②thingthatcanbeturnedtoforhelp,supportorconsolationwhenneeded安慰

eg.Hardworkisheronlyresource.

努力工作是她惟一的安慰。③ingenuityorquickwit;initiative智谋

eg.amanofgreatresource足智多谋的人5.

retain(L68)保持

retentionn.保持

retentiveadj.保持的，记忆力好的

eg.Theyretaintheoldcustoms.amanwitharetentivememory记忆力强的男子

retentivesoil含水性良好的土壤

TherootTAINmeans“tohold,tokeep”e.g.containtoholdtogether容纳，包含

maintain(MAIN=MANUShand+TAIN)toholdbyhand保持，保养，坚持认为

obtain(OB-near+TAIN)toholdnear

获得

sustaintoholdunder维持，支撑6.

inthelongrun(L77)afterenoughtime;intheende.g.It’llbecheaperinthelongruntouserealleather.cf.intheshortrun:forthenearfuture在短期内，目前7.

on(the)topof(L87):over;restingon;inaddition(to)在…上方；加之

e.g.Helosthisjobandontopofthathiswifelefthim.

他失业了，而且不仅如此，他的妻子也离开了他。KeystoVocabulary(P100)1.6)2)1)8)4)5)3)7)2.1)impacton2)adapt…to3)inconflict4)substitutefor5)excelledat/in6)vitalto3.1)principle;principle2)Diversity;diversity3)economy;economy4)competence;competence5)myth;myth6)extinction;extinction7)asset;assets8)competitiveness;competitiveness9)medium;medium10)essence;essence4.1)confused2)have3)no4)little5)turned6)shares7)separate8)since9)own10)else11)trying12)much13)instead14)Solving15)needs16)makeAfter-ClassReading

PassageINationalStereotypesandBusinessBehaviorActivity1：Createsomeperson:forexample:Tomis……Guessitsnationality.(ThestudentscanturntoP112Ex1)Activity2：(P126