上海市高一上学期寒假第七讲-语法填空翻译讲义

Lesson7Gapfilling(Grammar)&Translation(1)QuestionTypeQuestionTypeCloze【语篇类型】说明文【主题】社会服务与人际沟通TheBest(andWorst)WaytoSpotaLiarThomasOrmerod'steamofsecurityofficersfacedaseeminglyimpossibletask.AtairportsacrossEurope,theywereaskedtointerviewpassengersontheirbackgroundsandtravelplans.Ormerodhadplantedahandfulofpeoplearrivingatsecuritywitha_____1_____historyandamadeupfuture—andhisteamhadtoguesswhotheywere.Infact,justonein1,000ofthepeopletheyinterviewedwould_____2_____them.Identifyingtheliarshouldhavebeenaboutaseasyasfindinganeedleinahaystack(干草堆).So,whatdidtheydo?Oneoptionwouldbetofocusonbodylanguage,right?Itwouldhavebeenabadidea.Studyafterstudyhasfoundthat_____3_____—evenbytrainedpoliceofficers—toreadliesfrombodylanguageandfacialexpressionsarenotmuchbetterthan_____4_____.Formostpeople,theymightaswelljustflipacoin.Ormerod'steamtriedsomething_____5_____—andmanagedtoidentifythefakepassengersinthevastmajorityofcases.Theirsecret?Tothrowawaymanyoftheacceptedcuestodeception(骗术)andstartafreshwithsome_____6_____techniques.Mostpreviousstudieshadfocusedonreadingaliar'sintentionsviatheirbodylanguageorfromtheir_____7_____—blushing(涨红的)cheeks,anervouslaugh,darting(飘忽的)eyes.Theidea,saysTimothyLevineattheUniversityofAlabamainBirmingham,wasthattheactoflyingcausessome_____8_____emotionsnerves,guilt,perhapsevenexcitementthataredifficulttocontain.Evenifwethinkwehaveapokerface,wemightstill_____9_____tinyflickersofmovementknownas“microexpressions.”Yetthemorepsychologistslooked,theharderitappearedtounderstandany_____10_____clues.Theproblemisthehuge_____11_____ofhumanbehavior.With_____12_____,youmightbeabletospotafriend'stics(面部肌肉的抽搐)whenevertheyaretellingthetruth,butotherswillprobablyactverydifferently.Thereisno_____13_____dictionaryofbodylanguage.Clearly,anewmethodisneeded.Butgivensomeofthe_____14_____resultsfromthelab,whatshoulditbe?Ormerod'sanswerwasprettysimple:shiftthefocusawayfromthesubtleparticular_____15_____tothewordspeopleareactuallysaying,andgentlyfindtherightpressurepointstomaketheliarfeelashamed.1.A.false B.new C.brilliant D.tragic2.A.forgive B.cheat C.tell D.replace3.A.suggestions B.attempts C.tricks D.introductions4.A.risk B.joke C.chance D.logic5.A.difficult B.similar C.interesting D.different6.A.advanced B.traditional C.straightforward D.mon7.A.face B.gesture C.appearance D.weakness8.A.real B.strong C.positive D.painful9.A.giveup B.giveout C.giveaway D.giveover10.A.important B.reliable C.meaningless D.valuable11.A.amount B.success C.problem D.variety12.A.familiarity B.investigation C.curiosity D.hint13.A.particular B.detailed C.free D.universal14.A.accurate B.disappointing C.available D.excellent15.A.opportunities B.notices C.interests D.habitsKey:15ABBCD610CABCB1115DADBDQuestionQuestionTypeGapfilling(Grammar)&Translation非谓语非谓语复习语法填空语法填空考点分布语法填空中非谓语考点的解题步骤语法填空中非谓语考点的解题步骤难度难度：★★★★☆Gapfilling:Grammar1.Itisgreatfun__________(take)photosofbeautifulscenerywhenyouaretraveling.Key:totake2.__________(inform)ofthecurrentnews,whetheritisdomesticoroverseas,ishisdailyroutine.Key:Beinginformed3.—IsBobsillperforming?—I'mafraidnot.Heissaid__________(leave)thestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.Key:tohaveleft4.__________(bee)asuccessfulinvestor,afreshbusinessmanshouldconducthimselfinanappropriatebusinesslikemanner.Key:Tobee5.Therewereonlytenminutes__________(remain)whentheyhurriedtothedeparturegateattheairport.Key:remaining6.Mr.Wangmadeuphismindtodevoteallhecouldto__________(improve)hisoralEnglishbeforegoingabroad.Key:toimprove7.Manychildrenhaveformedthehabitofreadingbut__________(nottake)efficientnotesmeanwhile.Key:nottaking8.__________（surround）byalotofnewsmen,thenewlyelectedmayorofthecityfelthehadtosaysomething.Key:Surrounded9.Beerbottlecanberecycled,buttheyneed__________(clean).Key:cleaning/tobecleaned10.__________(expose)totheEnglishbroadcastcandoalotofgoodtoyourEnglishstudy.Key:Beingexposed11.Withsomeurgentbusiness__________(attend)to,Mr.SmithhasdecidedtoputoffhisjourneytoParis.Key:toattend12.Quantitiesofpreciousjewelry,__________(find)burieddeepintheearth,amazedallthepeoplepresent.Key:found13.Icanseenopointin__________(alter)yourappearancebecauseit’syourinnerselfthatreallycounts.Key:altering14.MichaelputupapictureofJeremyLinbesidethebedtokeephimself__________(remind)ofhisowndreams.Key:reminded15.Pottsneverdenied__________(trick)intodoingsomethingsillyonlastAprilFool’sDay.Key:beingtricked翻译翻译中的非谓语考点难度难度：★★★★☆Translation1.看孩子们在沙滩上打排球很有趣。(play)It’sfuntolookatthechildren____________________.Key:playingvolleyballonthebeach2.秃顶是由不平衡的饮食习惯和过重的精神压力造成的。(result)____________________theunbalancedeatinghabitsandtoomuchstress.Key:Beingbaldresultsfrom3.他排了好几个小时才买到这个新出的iPhone。(wait)____________________,hefinallyboughtthenewlyreleasediPhone.Key:Havingwaitedforhoursinline4.对于各国政府来说，如何能有效合作并尽快摆脱世界金融危机至今还是个难题。(how)Forthegovernmentofdifferentcountries,____________________andgetridoftheworldfinancialcrisisassoonaspossibleisstilladifficultproblemuptonow.Key:howtocooperateefficiently5.这个专家所推荐的方法被证明是十分有效的。(remend)Themethod____________________provedtobeveryeffective.Key:remendedbytheexpert6.据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。(report)Hundredsoffiremen____________________therescueoperationKey:arereportedtobetakingpartin7.尽管在发掘学生潜能方面我们做了很多努力,但仍留下许多领域亟待进一步的探索。（remain)Althoughwehavemadegreateffortsinrealizingstudents’potential,manyareasstill____________________.Key:remaintobefurtherexplored8.你是否曾经做过危险或可怕的事情，却不考虑接下来会发生什么?（without）Haveyoueverdonesomethingdangerousorfrightening____________________?Key:withoutthinkingaboutwhathappensnext难度难度：★★★★★BonusQuestion1.【交大附中高一试题】Asweareatthestartofthecourse,thisseemsaperfectmomenttooffersomepracticaladviceto__________(facilitate)thetaskoflearningEnglish.Key:tofacilitate【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于我们正处于课程的开始阶段，这似乎是一个提供一些实用建议来促进英语学习的最佳时机。根据句意可知，此处表达的是“来促进英语学习的建议”，所以此处用不定式作后置定语来表目的。逻辑主语advice和非谓语动词facilitate是主动关系。故填tofacilitate。2.【延安中学高一试题】__________forawholenight,westillcouldn’tagreeonwhentostartandwheretogofortheholiday.(discuss)Key:Havingdiscussed【详解】考查现在分词。句意：经过一整晚的讨论，我们仍然不能就什么时候出发和去哪里度假达成一致。此处句子主语we和discuss之间是一种主动关系，且discuss发生在谓语动词couldn’tagree的前面，是现在分词的完成式作时间状语，故填Havingdiscussed。3.【交大附中高一试题】Thedepartmentmanagerwasunemployedafter__________(accuse)oftakingthepanybelongingsforhimself.Key:beingaccused【详解】考查动名词。句意：在被指控把公司财产据为己有后部门经理失业了。此处应用动名词作为介词after的宾语，又accuse和manager之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用动名词的被动式beingdone作宾语，故填beingaccused。4.【复兴中学高一试题】__________tothesunlightfortoomuchtime,you’llgetsunburnt.(expose)Key:Exposed【详解】考查过去分词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下，你会被晒伤的。固定搭配：beexposedto“曝光，暴露”。此处是过去分词作条件状语，故填Exposed。5.【格致中学高一试题】Thestudentsseemed__________(expect)theprofessortotalkjustlikeothers,butthediscoverythathisspeechwasveryinterestingdelightedthem.Key:tohaveexpected考查固定句型。句意：学生们似乎期望教授像其他人一样说话。但他们发现他的演讲很有趣，这一点让他们很高兴。seemtodosth似乎在做某事，这里表示已经期望，应用不定式的完成时形式。故填tohaveexpected。6.【格致中学高一试题】TheGuinnessWorldRecordsrecognized30yearoldJessicaCoxthefirstpersonwithoutarms__________(fly)anairplane.Key:tofly考查非谓语动词。句意：30岁的杰西卡·考克斯被吉尼斯世界纪录认定为第一个无臂驾驶飞机的人。分析句子结构可知，此空为非谓语动词，作thefirstperson的后置定语，thefirstpersontodosth意为“第一个做某事的人”，故填tofly。7.【七宝中学高一试题】Thebossiswiseenoughtokeepthosewhoareable________(motivate)throughalltheserewardsandpunishments.Key:motivated【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老板很聪明，通过所有这些奖惩来激励那些有能力的人的积极性。分析句子，空格处作宾语补足语，keepsth/sbdone使某人(某事)被…，those与motivate是被动关系，用过去分词，故填motivated。8.【七宝中学高一试题】Thesearethedoctors________(send)tothewartornareaforthereliefeffortnextweek.Key:tobesent考查非谓语动词。句意：这些是下周要被派到战争破坏地区去做救济工作的医生。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，由nextweek判断用不定式todo表将来，又send和doctors之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式tobedone，故填tobesent。9.【交大附中高一试题】昨天我本应该给他钢琴伴奏的，但是有消息说他取消了这次音乐会，因为他被牵扯到一起严重的交通事故中。(suppose)YesterdayIwassupposedtohaveacpaniedhimonthepiano,butwordcamethathehadcancelledthisconcertbecausehewasinvolvedinaserioustrafficaccident.【详解】考查同位语从句和固定短语。固定短语besupposedtodosth.“本应该做某事”，本题是一个同位语的固定句式Wordcamethat…消息传来；that引导的是同位语从句解释名词word的内容。固定短语beinvolvedin“牵涉进”。且结合句意前半句应用一般过去时，后半句应用过去完成，且原因状语从句应用一般过去时。故译为Yesterdayiwassupposedtohaveacpaniedhimonthepiano,butwordcamethathehadcancelledthisconcertbecausehewasinvolvedinaserioustrafficaccident。10.【复旦附中高一试题】在炎热的夏日，将食物放在冰箱被认为是保藏食物最行之有效的方法。(consider)Inhotsummer,puttingthefoodintherefrigeratorisconsideredtobethemosteffectivewaytopreservefood.【详解】考查固定短语和主谓一致。固定短语beconsideredto“被认为…”，短语themosteffectivewaytodosth.“做某事最有效的方法”；本句为动名词短语puttingthefoodintherefrigerator做主语，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故译为：Inhotsummer,puttingthefoodintherefrigeratorisconsideredtobethemosteffectivewaytopreservefood.11.【华师大二附中高一试题】和别的假期活动相比，这次考试旨在敦促学生努力学习，让其意识到“学习如逆水行舟”。(mean)paredwithotherholidayactivities,thisassignmentismeanttourgestudentstostudyhardsoastoletthemrealizethatlearningislikesailingagainstthecurrent.【详解】考查固定短语。固定短语bemeantto“有意要；旨在”；固定短语urgesb.todosth“敦促某人做某事”。且paredwith做伴随状语。故译为paredwithotherholidayactivities,thisassignmentismeanttourgestudentstostudyhardsoastoletthemrealizethatlearningislikesailingagainstthecurrent。12.【华师大二附中高一试题】该车成功地将艺术与技术融为一体，自投放市场以来，需求量一直很大。(Having...)Havingsuccessfullyintegrated/bined/mixedartwithtechnology,thecarhasbeeningreatdemandsinceitwasfirstintroduced/launchedintothemarket.【详解】考查时间状语从句和非谓语动词。结合原文，分析句子可知，“该车成功地将艺术与技术融为一体”是原因状语，因为车的设计是先于投放市场，已经发生，所以可以用现在分词的完成式来表示已完成，其中“成功地”可用副词successfully表示，“融为一体”可用动词短语integrate/bine/mix...with...表示，可译为：Havingsucce