18广东省深圳市龙岗区2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题

龙岗区2023-2024学年第一学期高三期末质量监测英语试卷注意事项：1.本试卷共8页，满分120分，折算成130分计入总分。考试用时120分钟。2.答题前，请将学校、班级、姓名和考号用规定的笔写在答题卡指定的位置上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的贴条形码区。请保持条形码整洁、不污损。3.本卷试题，考生必须在答题卡上按规定作答;凡在试卷、草稿纸上作答的，其答案一律无效。答题卡必须保持清洁，不能折叠。4.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡选择题答题区内对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案;非选择题答案必须用规定的笔，按作答题目的序号，写在答题卡非选择题答题区内。5.考试结束，请将答题卡交回。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACallingAllScienceLoversPacSciisalwaysseekingexceptionallytalentedpeoplewhobelievedeeplyinourmissionandreflectourdiversecommunity.PacScioffersavarietyofjobopportunities,fromentry-levelpositionstomanagementroles,allwithopportunitiestolearn,andgrow.Isthisyou?·Intenselycuriousandmotivated·Passionforscienceandscienceeducation·Teamplayer·Service-orientedYoumightfindyourself·Interpretingexhibits·Runningplanetarium(天文馆)shows·RowingdownRiverMercerSloughwithsummercampers·TendingtothetropicaltreeleavesinourButterflyHouse·Managingdetailsforprivateeventsales·MakingthingsrunsmoothlybehindthescenesBenefitsandbonus·ExcitinglocationinSeattleCenter·Easyaccesstopublictransportation(taketheMonorailtowork!)·100%employerpaidmedical,dental,andvisionbenefitoptions·Approximately4weeksofpaidvacationplus12paidholidaysannually·Annualmembershipincludingunlimitedadmissionandothergreatbenefits·Regularopportunitiestolearn,grow,anddevelopnewskillsacrossdepartmentsandprojectsEachPacSciteammemberplaysavitalroleinfulfillingourmission:tostimulatecuriosityineverychildandfuelapassionfordiscovery,experimentation,andcriticalthinkinginallofus.Joinourteamtohelpexpandaccesstoscience,inthePacificNorthwestandbeyond!1.WhatisrequiredofaPacScimember?A.Priorexperience. B.Languageskills.C.Cooperativespirit. D.Academicbackground.2.WhichofthefollowingmaybeincludedinthejobresponsibilitiesatPacSci?A.Hostingtalentshows.B.Holdingscienceexhibitions.C.Plantingtropicaltrees.D.Accompanyingsummercampers.3.WhenworkingatPacSci,youcanhave________.A.unlimitedvacationdaysB.self-improvementopportunitiesC.freepublictransportationD.discountedannualmembership【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章是一则关于PacSci公司的招聘广告，主要介绍了公司提供的各种工作机会和福利，以及公司对员工的期望和要求。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Isthisyou?”部分中的“Teamplayer(团队精神)”可知，拥有团队合作精神是成为PacSci会员需要具备的条件。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Youmightfindyourself”部分中的“RowingdownRiverMercerSloughwithsummercampers(与夏令营者一起划船沿着默瑟斯劳河而下)”可知，选项D“Accompanyingsummercampers(陪同夏令营者)”是在PacSci的工作中可能需要承担的职责。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章“Benefitsandbonus”部分中的“Regularopportunitiestolearn,grow,anddevelopnewskillsacross(定期有机会跨部门和跨项目学习、成长和发展新技能)”可知，在PacSci工作时可以有自我提升的机会。故选B。BAfterthedeathofhernature-lovingmother,MargaretRenkltenderlyplacedinanantiquejarthe“softwhitehair”leftbehindinhermother’shairbrush.Yearspassed.Whenitnolongercarriedthescent(气味)shetreasured,Renkllaidthehairacrossatreebranchinheryard.Thisactwasmeantasadirectinvitationtothebirdsinheryard,anditwasaccepted:Abirdusedthehairforthenestitwasbuilding.Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows.Startinginwinterandcontinuingthroughtheseasonalround,Renklbringsalivein52chaptersherlovefortheanimalsandplantsinherhalf-acre(半英亩)yardinTennesseeandinnearbyparks.Equallymoving,sheadmitsherdesperationatthehuman-causedcrisisthenaturalworldfaces,andherdeterminationnottobackoff.Herdeterminationismorethanlipservice.Shecuresaneighborhoodfoxagainstaskindisease,withthehelpofatrap,abitofbacon,andadvicefromananimaldoctor;ensuresthatleavesfromthetreesinheryardarenotgatheredsothatinsectsoverwinterandhungrybirdscandinethere;fillsagardenwithmilkweedinsupportofmonarchbutterflies.Withthesesteps,Renklrefusestogiveupinthefaceofhuman-causedglobalwarmingthatischangingourenvironmentandharmingotherspecies.Inthesedaysofclimatecrisis,thephenomenonofecologicalanxietyisreal.Inordertoseizeopportunitiestohelp,manyofusdorequirefueltorestoreourspirits.FindthatfuelinRenkl’schaptersofTheComfortofCrows.TheanimalsandplantssocherishedbyRenklneedusnowmorethanever.4.WhatisthecentralthemeofRenkl’sTheComfortofCrows?A.Personalpreferencetowardscountrylife. B.Fondmemoriesofclosefamilymembers.C.Profounddisappointmentatclimatecrisis. D.Amazinginteractionsbetweenmanandnature.5.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?ARenkl’seffortsinprotectinganimals. B.Renkl’sserviceintheneighborhood.C.Renkl’sattemptstotreataninjuredfox. D.Renkl’sdeterminationtopreservetheyard.6.WhatisRenkl’sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A.Indifferentyetrealistic. B.Concernedyetactive.C.Pessimisticyettolerant. D.Regretfulyethopeful.7.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroducethebeautyofrurallife. B.TopresentthedailyroutineofRenkl.C.Torecommendaninspirationalbook. D.Toprovideadviceonnatureprotection.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了MargaretRenkl写的《乌鸦的安慰》一书，传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows.(Renkl只用了半页纸来讲述这个故事，但它传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动，这是《乌鸦的安慰》的核心)”可知，Renkl的theComfortofCrows的中心主题是人与自然的惊人互动。故选D。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Herdeterminationismorethanlipservice.Shecuresaneighborhoodfoxagainstaskindisease,withthehelpofatrap,abitofbacon,andadvicefromananimaldoctor;ensuresthatleavesfromthetreesinheryardarenotgatheredsothatinsectsoverwinterandhungrybirdscandinethere;fillsagardenwithmilkweedinsupportofmonarchbutterflies.(她的决心不只是说说而已。她用一个陷阱、一点熏肉和一位动物医生的建议，治好了邻居家一只狐狸的皮肤病；确保她院子里的树叶不会被收集起来，这样越冬的昆虫和饥饿的鸟儿就可以在那里吃饭了;在花园里种满马利筋，以支持帝王蝶)”可知，第三段的主要内容是Renkl在保护动物方面的努力。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Withthesesteps,Renklrefusestogiveupinthefaceofhuman-causedglobalwarmingthatischangingourenvironmentandharmingotherspecies.Inthesedaysofclimatecrisis,thephenomenonofecologicalanxietyisreal.Inordertoseizeopportunitiestohelp,manyofusdorequirefueltorestoreourspirits.FindthatfuelinRenkl’schaptersofTheComfortofCrows.TheanimalsandplantssocherishedbyRenklneedusnowmorethanever.(面对人类造成的全球变暖正在改变我们的环境并伤害其他物种，Renkl拒绝放弃这些步骤。在气候危机的今天，生态焦虑的现象是真实的。为了抓住机会提供帮助，我们中的许多人确实需要动力来恢复我们的精神。在Renkl的《乌鸦的安慰》章节中找到动力。Renkl珍惜的动物和植物现在比以往任何时候都更需要我们)”可推知，Renkl对全球变暖的态度是担忧的，但是Renkl也指出应该找到动力来保护动植物，体现了积极的一面。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows.(Renkl只用了半页纸来讲述这个故事，但它传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动，这是《乌鸦的安慰》的核心)”结合文章主要介绍了MargaretRenkl写的《乌鸦的安慰》一书，传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动。可推知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一本励志书。故选C。CImaginethatyou’vejustfinishedtakingamultiple-choicetest,andyoustarttosecond-guessoneofyouranswers.Youhavesomeextratime—shouldyousticktoyourfirstinstinct(直觉)orchangeit?Aboutthreequartersofstudentsareconvincedthatchangingtheiranswerswillhurttheirscores.Experienceindicatesthatmanywhochangeanswerschangetothewronganswer.Despitethelessonsofexperience,whatdoesevidencesay?Inareviewofthirty-threestudies,threepsychologistsfoundthatthemajorityofanswerchangeswerefromwrongtoright.Teachershavealsofoundthatstudents’finalexamshavefewerasermarks,butthosewhodorethinktheirfirstanswersratherthanstickingtothemendupimprovingtheirscores.Thisphenomenonisknownasthefirstinstinctfallacy(谬误).Wedon’tjusthesitatetorethinkouranswers.Wehesitateattheveryideaofrethinking.Takeanexperimentwherehundredsofcollegestudentslearnedaboutthefirstinstinctfallacyforexample.Researcherstaughtthemaboutthevalueofchangingtheirmindsandgavethemadviceonwhenitmakessensetodoso.Intheirnexttwotests,theywerestillunlikelytochangetheiranswers.Partoftheproblemiscognitive(认知的)laziness.Psychologistspointoutthatwefavorthecomfortoffirmly-heldbeliefsoverthediscomfortofdoubt.Questioningourselvesmakestheworldmoreunpredictable.Itrequiresustoadmitthatthefactsmayhavechanged,andthatwhatwasoncerightmaynowbewrong.We’veallheardaboutthepopularstorywhereafrogwouldimmediatelyescapeifdroppedintoboilinghotwater,butitwouldstayifthewaterwasgraduallyheated.However,itisn’ttrue.Thefrogwillescapeassoonasthewatergetsuncomfortablywarm.Itisjustoncewehearthestoryandacceptitastrue,werarelybothertoquestionit.So,it’snotsomuchchangingyouranswerthatimprovesyourscoreasconsideringwhetheryoushouldchangeit.8.Whatisacommonbeliefamongstudentswhentheytaketests?A.Changinganswersisarisk.B.Firstinstinctharmstheirscores.C.Reviewinganswersisamust.D.Second-guessingimprovestheirscores.9Whatmightcollegestudentsbetaughtconcerningthefirstinstinctfallacy?A.Changingone’smindhurts.B.Firstinstinctshouldbeignored.C.Seekingothers’advicehelps.D.Firstanswerscanbechallenged.10.Whydoestheauthormentionthestoryofafrog?A.Toraisequestionsaboutthestory.B.Tostresstheimportanceofescaping.C.Toconveythefrog’slessonofsurvival.D.Toillustrateourresistancetoquestioning.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Rethinking:theArtofDoubtB.FirstInstinctisNottoBeTrustedCChanging:FromRighttoWrongD.ChangingAnswersImprovesScores【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，尽管许多人认为改变答案会降低分数，但研究表明，重新思考答案往往能提高成绩。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imaginethatyou’vejustfinishedtakingamultiple-choicetest,andyoustarttosecond-guessoneofyouranswers.Youhavesomeextratime—shouldyousticktoyourfirstinstinct(直觉)orchangeit?Aboutthreequartersofstudentsareconvincedthatchangingtheiranswerswillhurttheirscores.Experienceindicatesthatmanywhochangeanswerschangetothewronganswer.(想象一下，你刚刚完成了一次多项选择题测试，你开始猜测其中一个答案。你有一些额外的时间——你应该坚持你的第一直觉还是改变它？大约四分之三的学生相信改变答案会影响他们的分数。经验表明，许多改变答案的人得到的是错误的答案。)”可知，当学生参加考试时，大多数学生都认为改变答案会影响他们的分数，而且许多改变答案的人得到的是错误的答案。由此可推测，学生认为改变答案是有风险的。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Teachershavealsofoundthatstudents’finalexamshavefewerasermarks,butthosewhodorethinktheirfirstanswersratherthanstickingtothemendupimprovingtheirscores.Thisphenomenonisknownasthefirstinstinctfallacy(谬误).(老师们还发现，学生的期末考试很少有橡皮擦标记，但那些重新思考自己的第一个答案而不是坚持的学生最终会提高他们的分数。这种现象被称为第一本能谬论。)”可知，重新思考自己的第一个答案而不是坚持的学生最终会提高他们的分数，也就是说第一个答案未必就是正确的，是可以质疑的。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thefrogwillescapeassoonasthewatergetsuncomfortablywarm.Itisjustoncewehearthestoryandacceptitastrue,werarelybothertoquestionit.(一旦水变暖，青蛙就会逃跑。只是一旦我们听到这个故事并接受它是真的，我们就很少费心去质疑它。)”可知，作者提到青蛙的故事是为了说明我们从心理上就抵抗质疑。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Wedon’tjusthesitatetorethinkouranswers.Wehesitateattheveryideaofrethinking.(我们在重新思考答案时不会犹豫。我们对重新思考的想法犹豫不决。)”以及文章第四段“Partoftheproblemiscognitive(认知的)laziness.Psychologistspointoutthatwefavorthecomfortoffirmly-heldbeliefsoverthediscomfortofdoubt.Questioningourselvesmakestheworldmoreunpredictable.Itrequiresustoadmitthatthefactsmayhavechanged,andthatwhatwasoncerightmaynowbewrong.(部分问题在于认知上的懒惰。心理学家指出，我们更喜欢坚定信念带来的舒适感，而不是怀疑带来的不适。质疑自己会让世界变得更加不可预测。它要求我们承认事实可能已经改变，曾经正确的东西现在可能是错误的。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是重新思考是有意义的，故A选项（反思:怀疑的艺术）适合作为标题。故选A。DWhenyoueagerlydigintoalong-awaiteddinner,it’straditionallybelievedthatsignalsfromyourstomachtoyourbrainstopyoueatingsomuch.However,aresearchteamrecentlydiscoveredthatit’soursenseoftastethatimmediatelypullsusbackfromeatingfoodoverlyonahungryday.Stimulatedbytheperceptionofflavor,asetofbraincellsbecomeactivetoquicklycurtailfoodintake.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthefoodtastemaycontrolhowfastweeat,butit’sbeenimpossibletostudyrelevantbrainactivitiesduringeatingbecausebraincellsthatcontrolthisprocessarelocateddeepinourbrains,makingthemhardtoaccessorrecordinanawakeanimal.Newtechniquesdevelopedbytheteamallowedforthefirst-everimagingandrecordingofabrainstemstructurecriticalforfeelingfull,calledNTS,inanactivemouse.Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenresearchersputfooddirectlyintothemouse’sstomach,braincellscalledPRLHwereactivatedbysignalsfromthegut(消化道),inlinewithtraditionalthinking.However,whentheyallowedthemicetoeatthefoodastheynormallywould,thosesignalsfromthegutdidn’tshowup.Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirelycontrolledbysignalsfromthemouth.“It’sastonishingthatthesecellswereactivatedbytheperceptionoftaste,”saidresearchers.“Itshowsthatthereareothercomponentsoftheappetite-controlsystemthatdeservesourattention.”ThePRLH-activatedslowdownalsomakessenseintermsoftiming.ThetasteoffoodallowsPRLHtoswitchtheiractivityinseconds.Incontrast,anothergroupofbraincells,calledCGC,takesseveralminutestorespondtosignalsfromthegut.ThegoodthingisthatCGCcanholdbackhungerforamuchlongertime.Thesetwosetsofbraincellsinteracttoworktogether:oneusestastetoslowdowneating,whiletheothersignalsthatyouarefull.Understandinghowbodysignalsregulateappetitecouldimproveweight-lossprogramsfortheoverweightbymakinguseofinteractionsbetweensignalsfromdifferentbraincellsets.12.Whatdoestheunderlineword“curtail”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Activate. B.Limit. C.Expand. D.Assist.13.Whatisthelimitationofpreviousstudiesaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Inadequatetechnologies.B.Inefficientfunds.C.Unqualifiedprofessionals.D.Impropermethods.14.WhatdidthenewstudyfindaboutPRLHbraincellswhenthemicenormallyate?A.Theyhelpedstimulatethemice’sappetite.BTheyencouragedthemicetospeedupeating.C.Theywereactivatedbysignalsfromthemouth.D.Theywerecontrolledbysignalsfromthestomach.15.WhatisthefunctionofCGCbraincells?A.Toslowdowneatingspeed.B.Toimprovethedigestionsystem.C.Toextendthefeelingoffullness.D.Tointeractwithsignalsfromtaste.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究表明，脑细胞PRLH在接收到来自口腔的信号时会迅速改变其活动模式，而另一组脑细胞CGC则需要几分钟才能对来自肠道的信号作出反应。这两种脑细胞相互作用，共同调节食欲。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“aresearchteamrecentlydiscoveredthatit’soursenseoftastethatimmediatelypullsusbackfromeatingfoodoverlyonahungryday.(一个研究小组最近发现，在饥饿的日子里，我们的味觉会立即把我们从过度进食中拉回来。)”可知，味觉可以阻止我们过度进食。由此可推测，划线单词指的是“减少”食物的摄入。选项A“Activate(激活)”；选项B“Limit(限制)”；选项C“Expand(扩展)”；选项D“Assist(协助)”。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthefoodtastemaycontrolhowfastweeat,butit’sbeenimpossibletostudyrelevantbrainactivitiesduringeatingbecausebraincellsthatcontrolthisprocessarelocateddeepinourbrains,makingthemhardtoaccessorrecordinanawakeanimal.Newtechniquesdevelopedbytheteamallowedforthefirst-everimagingandrecordingofabrainstemstructurecriticalforfeelingfull,calledNTS,inanactivemouse.(之前的研究表明，食物的味道可能会控制我们吃东西的速度，但研究进食过程中相关的大脑活动是不可能的，因为控制这一过程的脑细胞位于我们大脑的深处，很难在清醒的动物身上获得或记录它们。研究小组开发的新技术首次对活动小鼠的脑干结构NTS进行了成像和记录，该结构对饱腹感至关重要。)”中的“newtechniques”可推测，以前的研究的局限性是因为技术不足。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However,whentheyallowedthemicetoeatthefoodastheynormallywould,thosesignalsfromthegutdidn’tshowup.Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirelycontrolledbysignalsfromthemouth.“It’sastonishingthatthesecellswereactivatedbytheperceptionoftaste,”saidresearchers.“Itshowsthatthereareothercomponentsoftheappetite-controlsystemthatdeservesourattention.”(然而，当他们让老鼠像往常一样吃这些食物时，这些来自肠道的信号就没有出现。相反，PRLH脑细胞切换到一种完全由口腔信号控制的新活动模式。研究人员说：“令人惊讶的是，这些细胞被味觉激活了。”“这表明食欲控制系统中还有其他组成部分值得我们关注。”)”可知，当老鼠正常进食时，PRLH脑细胞切换到一种完全由口腔信号控制的新活动模式，也就是说这些细胞被味觉激活了。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ThegoodthingisthatCGCcanholdbackhungerforamuchlongertime.(好消息是，CGC可以在更长的时间内抑制饥饿。)”可知，CGC脑细胞可以长时间抑制饥饿，也就是可以延长饱腹感。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youknowthescene:Achildrunsdownstairsinpajamastounwrapherholidaypresentsandshedsjoyfultearsasshehugsanewpuppyrescuedfromashelter.Themusicbuildsup,heartsdoubleinsizeandfaithinhumanityisrestored.____16____Beforetakingthatstep,thereareafewthingstoconsider.Firstistheelementofsurprise.Thetimingcouldbeasurprise,buttheanimalshouldabsolutelynotbeasurprise.Thedecisionshouldbebasedonmanyconversations.Everyoneinvolvedshouldunderstandthelongtermconsequences,childrenincluded.____17____Next,you’llchoosewhethertoadoptfromashelterorrescue.____18____Theyareacrossthecountryfloodedwithlovableanimals.Theyalsoofferphysicallocationswhereyoucanmeetalotofanimalsatonce.Ontheotherhand,rescuesaresmallerandfundedbydonations.Theyoftenrelyonfosterstohouseanimals.____19____Applicationsandtheirprocessingtimesvaryandcanincludetaskslikeprovingthatyourlandlordallowspets.Checktoseeifapplyingonlineispossible.Ifyou’reapplyinginperson,makesureyouknowwhattobring.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthehugeresponsibilityofchoosingthepetforyourchild,youcanwrapaleash(牵引绳)orapetbagasthegift,andthentakethefuturepetownertotheshelter.____20____Thisstepwillbemoremeaningfulandmemorablethanjusthavingananimalshowupatyourdoor.A.Now,youcanwelcomethelovelyonewithopenarms.B.Nothingismorebeautifulthanseeingyourchildsmile.C.Shelterstendtobelargerandquickertoprocessapplications.D.Whicheveryouchoose,applyandbecomeapprovedasanadopterfirst.E.Whileitissweet,givingalivingcreatureasagiftisn’talightdecision.F.Involvingyourchildintheselectionprocessaddstothewholeexperience.G.Responsibilitiescanbeassignedtothemevenbeforetheirnewpetarrives.【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.D20.F【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在收养宠物的时候我们需要考虑的几件事。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Youknowthescene:Achildrunsdownstairsinpajamastounwrapherholidaypresentsandshedsjoyfultearsasshehugsanewpuppyrescuedfromashelter.Themusicbuildsup,heartsdoubleinsizeandfaithinhumanityisrestored.(你一定见过这样的场景：一个孩子穿着睡衣跑下楼打开节日礼物的包装，抱着一只从收容所救出来的小狗，流下了快乐的眼泪。音乐响起，人心倍增，对人性的信心得以恢复。)”可知，上文描述了收养一只小狗的美好场景。选项E“Whileitissweet,givingalivingcreatureasagiftisn’talightdecision.(虽然这很甜蜜，但送一个生物作为礼物并不是一个轻松的决定。)”延续上文内容，指出这一场景非常的甜蜜，同时引出下文指出收养小狗并不轻松。故选E。【17题详解】根据上文内容“Thetimingcouldbeasurprise,buttheanimalshouldabsolutelynotbeasurprise.Thedecisionshouldbebasedonmanyconversations.Everyoneinvolvedshouldunderstandthelongtermconsequences,childrenincluded.(时机可能会让人感到意外，但动物绝对不应该让人感到意外。这个决定应该建立在多次谈话的基础上。包括儿童在内的所有相关人员都应该了解长期后果。)”可知，在领养动物前，家庭成员都应该了解领养动物的责任所在。选项G“Responsibilitiescanbeassignedtothemevenbeforetheirnewpetarrives.(甚至在他们的新宠物到来之前，责任就已经分配给他们了。)”延续上文内容，指的是在动物到家之前，每个人都已经了解了自己的责任。故选G。【18题详解】根据空前“Next,you’llchoosewhethertoadoptfromashelterorrescue.(接下来，你要选择从收容所收养还是从救援机构收养。)”可知，我们需要确定收容所收养还是从救援机构收养。而下文“Ontheotherhand,rescuesaresmallerandfundedbydonations.Theyoftenrelyonfosterstohouseanimals.(另一方面，救援机构规模较小，资金来自捐赠。他们经常依靠饲养员来饲养动物。)”介绍的是救援机构的动物。由此可知，空处指的是收容所的情况。选项C“Shelterstendtobelargerandquickertoprocessapplications.(收容所往往更大，处理申请的速度也更快。)”与上下文内容相符。故选C。【19题详解】空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Applicationsandtheirprocessingtimesvaryandcanincludetaskslikeprovingthatyourlandlordallowspets.Checktoseeifapplyingonlineispossible.Ifyou’reapplyinginperson,makesureyouknowwhattobring.(申请及其处理时间各不相同，可能包括证明房东允许养宠物之类的任务。检查一下是否可以在网上申请。如果你是亲自申请，确保你知道要带什么。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是我们要申请成为收养人。选项D“Whicheveryouchoose,applyandbecomeapprovedasanadopterfirst.(无论你选择哪一种，首先申请并被批准为收养人。)”与下文内容相一致，指的是我们应该申请成为收养人。故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Ifyou’reworriedaboutthehugeresponsibilityofchoosingthepetforyourchild,youcanwrapaleash(牵引绳)orapetbagasthegift,andthentakethefuturepetownertotheshelter.(如果你担心为孩子选择宠物的责任巨大，你可以用牵引绳或宠物袋作为礼物，然后带未来的宠物主人去收容所。)”可知，作者建议可以让孩子参与收养动物的过程。选项F“Involvingyourchildintheselectionprocessaddstothewholeexperience.(让你的孩子参与到选择过程中会增加整个体验。)”与上文内容相符，指的是让孩子参与收养动物的过程。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。CitywalkgainspopularityamongyoungChinese.Differentfromthefast-paced“specialforcesstyle”(特种部队式)tourism,citywalkis____21____andnotverypurposeful.Toacertainextent,“specialforcesstyle”tourismisjusta(n)____22____ofregulartravel,whereyoungpeoplespend24hoursinacitywiththesametravelguidesandcheck-inlist.Bycomparison,citywalkallowspeopletoexploreacity____23____withoutdeliberatelyjoiningthe____24____atpopulartouristspotsorwaitingin____25____linesoutsidepopularrestaurantsforhours.People____26____thepastandpresentofacityasalocalresident.Afterall,timeisnot____27____andtheneedfortravelisnotsopressinganymore.While“specialforcesstyle”tourists____28____fastpaceandpurposefulness,citywalkersarecompletelyslowandfree.Whatreallymattersis____29____wandering.Peopleexpectthatatripfreesthemselvesfromhigh_____30_____andrepetitivedailylife.Sincesuchwordsasleisure,_____31_____andpurposelessnessareassociatedwithcitywalk,itseemsnotdifficulttounderstandwhyyoungpeopleare_____32_____aboutit.Whenwewerechildreninschool,45minutesofclasswaswortha10minute_____33_____.Aswehave_____34_____andstartedworkinghard,wealwayswantto_____35_____freedominlifeduringfreetime.Citywalkisapathwherewecanfreelychoose,plan,andexplore.21.A.costly B.leisurely C.brief D.normal22.A.innovation B.lesson C.repetition D.secret23.A.eagerly B.rapidly C.freely D.precisely24.A.sellers B.crowds C.audiences D.hosts25A.quiet B.straight C.formal D.long26.A.discover B.develop C.remember D.determine27.A.abundant B.unique C.precious D.urgent28.A.ignore B.understand C.emphasize D.explain29.A.aimless B.occasional C.individual D.meaningless30.A.reputation B.tension C.expectation D.recognition31.A.creativity B.efficiency C.speed D.relaxation32.A.anxious B.particular C.enthusiastic D.cautious33.A.break B.leave C.discussion D.exercise34.A.stoodup B.grownup C.teamedup D.shownup35.A.escape B.spread C.restrict D.pursue【答案】21.B22.C23.C24.B25.D26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了城市漫步在年轻中国人中越来越流行的现象，并将其与“特种兵式”旅游进行了对比。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与快节奏的“特种兵式”旅游不同，城市漫步是悠闲的，不太有目的性。A.costly昂贵的；B.leisurely悠闲的；C.brief简短的；D.normal正常的。根据“While“specialforcesstyle”tourists____8____fastpaceandpurposefulness,citywalkersarecompletelyslowandfree.Whatreallymattersis____9____wandering.”可知，城市漫步是悠闲的。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，“特种兵式”旅游只是常规旅行的一种重复，年轻人在一个城市花24小时使用相同的旅行指南和入住清单。A.innovation创新；B.lesson课程；C.repetition重复；D.secret秘密。根据“whereyoungpeoplespend24hoursinacitywiththesametravelguidesandcheck-inlist.”可知，年轻人在一个城市花24小时，使用同样的旅行指南和入住清单，这是常规旅行的一种重复。故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A.eagerly急切地；B.rapidly迅速地；C.freely自由地；D.precisely精确地。根据“withoutdeliberatelyjoiningthe____4____atpopulartouristspotsorwaitingin____5____linesoutsidepopularrestaurantsforhours.”可知，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A.seller卖家；B.crowds人群；C.audiences观众；D.hosts主人。根据“atpopulartouristspotsorwaitingin____5____linesoutsidepopularrestaurantsforhours.”可知，此处是指加入在热门旅游景点或在热门餐厅外排长队的人群。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A.quiet安静的；B.straight直的；C.formal正式的；D.long长的。根据“linesoutsidepopularrestaurantsforhours.”和常识可知，热门餐厅外往往都排着长队。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为当地居民，人们发现一个城市的过去和现在。A.discover发现；B.develop发展；C.remember记得；D.determine决定。根据“asalocalresident.”可知，城市漫步让旅行者作为一个当地居民，去发现一个城市的过去和现在。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，时间并不紧迫，旅行的需要也不再那么紧迫了。A.abundant充足的；B.unique独特的；C.precious珍贵的；D.urgent紧急的。根据“andtheneedfortravelisnotsopressinganymore.”可知，作为当地居民，旅行的时间并不紧迫。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“特种兵式”的游客强调快节奏和目的性，而城市漫步者则完全是缓慢而自由的。A.ignore忽视；B.understand理解；C.emphasize强调；D.explain解释。while表示对比，根据“citywalkersarecompletelyslowandfree.”可知，“特种兵式”旅游的游客强调旅游的快节奏和目的性。故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正重要的是漫无目的的闲逛。A.aimless无目的的；B.occasional偶尔的；C.individual个人的；D.meaningless无意义的。根据“citywalkersarecompletelyslowandfree.”可知，城市漫步的游客完全是自由和无目的的。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们期望通过旅行将自己从高度紧张和重复的日常生活中解放出来。A.reputation名声；B.tension紧张；C.expectation期待；D.recognition识别。根据“andrepetitivedailylife.”可知，人们旅行的目的是从高度紧生活中解放出来。张故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：既然休闲、放松和无目的是与城市漫步相关的词汇，那么年轻人对它如此热衷也就不足为奇了。A.creativity创造力；B.efficiency效率；C.speed速度；D.relaxation放松。根据“Sincesuchwordsasleisure,”和“andpurposelessnessareassociatedwithcitywalk,”可知，年轻人热衷城市漫步是因为其具有休闲、放松和无目的性。故选D。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：既然休闲、放松和无目的是与城市漫步相关的词汇，那么年轻人对它如此热衷也就不足为奇了。A.anxious焦虑的；B.particular特别的；C.enthusiastic热情的；D.cautious谨慎的。根据“Sincesuchwordsasleisure,____11____andpurposelessnessareassociatedwithcitywalk,”可知，城市漫步具有休闲、放松和无目的的特点，所以年轻人热衷与此。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们还是孩子的时候，45分钟的课程值得10分钟的休息。A.break休息；B.leave离开；C.discussion讨论；D.exercise锻炼。根据“Whenwewerechildreninschool,”可知，这里指学校课间10分钟的休息。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们长大并开始工作时，我们总是想要在自由时间里放松。A.stoodup站起来；B.grownup长大；C.teamedup组队；D.shownup出现。根据“andstartedworkinghard,wealwayswantto____15____freedominlifeduringfreetime.”可知，长大后开始工作，总希望在自由时间里放松。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们长大并开始努力工作时，我们总是希望在空闲时间追求生活中的自由。A.escape逃离；B.spread传播；C.restrict限制；D.pursue追求。根据“Aswehave____14____andstartedworkinghard,”可知，工作时，希望在空闲时间追求生活中的自由。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It’saraceagainsttime.GenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademyworkedhard____36____(preserve)theartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,despiteerosion(侵蚀)bysandandwind.Overthepastthreedeca