高考英语二轮复习 第一编 一阅读理解 题型二 推理判断题练习 新人教版-新人教版高三全册英语试题

题型二推理判断题语篇出处：2019年全国卷Ⅱ·B篇语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：志愿服务“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtug_at_the_heartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend­of­seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies？1.WhatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinParagraph1？A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean？A.Encourageteamwork. B．Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds. D．Provideadvice.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromParagraph3？A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She'llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork？A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.题1：题干中关键词是“herreplyinParagraph1”，由文章第一句“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”可知，家长让把她当作最后的选择，如果没有其他人当志愿者，那么她就去。由此可推断出这位家长不想去当志愿者。选C。题2：第一段提到一个家长不愿意去当志愿者。由画线处所在句的上一句“Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.”可知这位家长需要被劝说。下文作者提到有四个孩子的单亲妈妈主持了这个节目，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练……由此可知，作者是为了以情动人。选B。题3：题干中关键词是“abouttheparentfromParagraph3”，由第三段中的“Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.”这一细节可知，这位家长成了一个好帮手。选D。题4：题干中关键词为“Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork？”。文章中提到“Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”，与B项中信息相匹配。选B。考法1推断细节类——“揣摩推敲”法典例片段(2019·湖南师大附中模考)Whenearlyautomobilesfirstarrivedonthesceneinthelate19thcentury,fewpeoplecouldhaveimaginedthattheywouldonedaytakeovertheworld.Infact,sometownsoftheUnitedStatesfoundthenoiseandexhaustfromthesenovel“horselesscarriages”sodisgustingthatearlycarswereactuallyforbiddenthere....Sowhatislifelikeinplacewhereoneofthemostpowerfulinventionsinhistoryhasbeenbanned?Well,it'squitenice,actually....Theyalsosaveahugeamountofmoneythatwouldnormallygotocommuting(往来)bycars.Whatcanweinferfromthetext？A.Earlycarswerefirstshownonthestage.B.Cars'popularitywasexpectedatfirst.C.Carsweredescribedinanovelasdisgusting.D.Earlycarswereknownascarriageswithouthorses.第一步题干定位：题干中的关键词是infer，是推断细节题。第二步锁定信息：首段信息“earlyautomobilesfirstarrived”“novel‘horselesscarriages’”和“earlycars”。第三步分析对比：最早的汽车被看作没有马的四轮车。与选项D中信息匹配，故选D。考法2推断观点态度类——“褒贬措辞”法典例片段(2019·青岛模考)DuringAmsterdam'schaoticrushhour,nine­year­oldLottaCrokcyclestoaverybusyjunction....Lottaisthefirstjuniorcyclemayorintheworld....ButchildrenwhocycleinAmsterdamfacechallenges,...LottabecamejuniorcyclemayorinJunelastyearwhenshewonacontest...SinceLottawasappointedjuniorcyclemayor,Sheisnowplanningameetingwiththecity'smayortodiscussideasFollowingthesuccessoftheAmsterdamscheme,cyclemayorsaroundtheworldarenowplanningtoappointjuniorcolleagues.“Theyseeitworksreallywell，”Boerma,theseniormajor,says.“Italktotheparents,Lottatalkstothechildren.Andifyoulookatthecitythroughtheeyesofachild,youwillalsomakeitaccessibleforothers.Acitythat'sgoodforaneight­year­oldisalsogoodforan88­year­old.”What'sBoerma'sattitudetothejuniorcyclemayor？A.Cautious. B．Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.第一步题干定位：题干中的关键词是Boerma，可以定位到最后一段引号里的内容。第二步锁定信息：文中信息是“worksreallywell”和“Acity...isalsogood...”。显然是赞同的。第三步对比选项：Cautious“谨慎的”；Favorable“赞成的”；Ambiguous“模糊的”；Disapproving“不赞成的”。故选B。考法3推断写作意图类——“意图推断”法典例片段(2019·上海嘉定模考)Thisstrangelittleboy­man,neverseparatedfromatindrumheisalwaysbanging,isourheroofthetable...ThisisanoverviewofthestoryofTheTinDrum,themostfamousworkbytheGermanNobel­winningauthorGünterGrass,whopassedawayonApril13attheageof87.TheTinDrumalsoestablishedGrassasoneoftheleadingauthorsofGermany...Hewascalled“Germany'sconscience”，becauseheremindedGermansofapastduringtheSecondWorldWar(1933—1945)thatmanywouldhaveratherforgotten.Thissometimesmadehimunpopular...Grasswasamanofthepenandthepageandalsoamanwithagiftforspeakingtothepublic.Hiswritingwasnoisyandannoying,butonehadtolistentoit,alittlelikethesoundofthedrumbangedbyhismostfamousliterarycreation.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthearticle？A.ToanalyzewhathasmadeTheTinDrumsopopularinGermany.B.TointroducethereaderstoGünterGrassandhismostfamouswork.C.TopresentthehistoryofGermanythroughthepenandpageofGrass.D.TogivesomebackgroundinformationaboutGrass'searlylifeasawriter.第一步主旨大意：开篇提到一个敲鼓的小男孩GünterGrass。第二步锁定信息：第二段提到GünterGrass的成名作和作品风格；第三段提到他并不受人欢迎；最后一段总结他的写作手法就像敲鼓发出的声音一样。第三步分析对比：该文章属于人物传记类，描述的是GünterGrass和他的作品。与选项B中信息一致，故选B。考法4文章出处题——“对号入座”法典例片段(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，B篇)ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC....Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken？A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.第一步首段描述：这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省土地上的色彩鲜艳的甜甜的宝贝就是营养保护的小集团。第二步锁定信息：关键词：草莓、蓝莓、樱桃，维生素、蛋白质、抗氧化物质。第三步分析推断：应该是来自于健康和营养相关的书，即健康杂志，故选B。(2019·郑州一中模考)语篇类型：说明文主题语境：自然灾害Thereisalwayssomethingthathappensintheworldthateveryonefearswillhappentotheirtown,cityorcountry:naturaldisasters.Thescariestpartofitisthatnoonewilleverseeitcoming.Thoughtechnologyhelpsusprepare,butitneveractuallytellsthepeoplewhenit'sgoingtohit.Itisalwaysestimatedbuttheresultisnever100%accurate.However,thatisnotthepointofthisarticle.Twodifferentnaturaldisastersintwodifferentpartsoftheworldhavehappenedinthepastfewweeks.OnewasamajorfloodthathashitLouisianaintheUnitedStates.TheotherwasanearthquakethathitAmatrice,Italy.However,thereisamajordifferenceinthenewscoverageofthetwotragedies.AsforthefloodinginLouisiana,itisreportedthatthisdisasteristheworsttohittheUnitedStatessinceSuper­stormSandyandit'llcostatleast$30million.Inonlythefirstcoupleofweeks,13peoplehaddied.However,likeme,manypeopledidnothearaboutthistragicevent.Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterithappened.InItaly,however,itcoveredallmediainstantly.TheearthquakeinItalyhappenedonTuesdaymorning.Thatsameday,IwasonTwitterandthatwasallthatwasoverthenewsfeed.Everyotherpostwasabouttheearthquake.SomewouldhavetheopinionthatAmatrice,Italywasoneofthemostbeautifultownsinthatcountry.Igotindeepsorrowbecausethereweremorepeoplekilledinthisquakethantheflooding.Sofar,theyhaveatotalof73deadandoveronehundredmissing.IunderstandthattechnicallytheearthquakeinItalywasworsethanthefloodsinLouisiana.However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequallyseriously.Weareoneworldunitedandshouldbethereforallofthepeoplewhoareinneedofhelp.Wemaynotbeabletoaccuratelypredictdisastersbut,wecansurelylendahandoutfortheneedy.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了两个不同的地方发生的不同自然灾害，但是对其报道却是不同的。作者认为自然灾害无大小，应该让人们及时知晓，这样人们就可以向受害者伸出援助之手。1.Whatreallyconcernstheauthoraboutthetwonaturaldisasters？A.Thedeathandtheinjured.B.Themediareport.C.Thegovernment'sresponsibility.D.Theireconomicloss.答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“thereisamajordifferenceinthenewscoverageofthetwotragedies”可知，对于这两个自然灾害，作者关注的是媒体的报道。2.Whydidtheauthorlearnaboutthefloodsolate？A.Hedidn'tcareabouttheflood.B.Hefeltnervousaboutthenews.C.Themediadidn'tcoveritintime.D.Thefloodfrightenedtheauthoralot.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterithappened.”可知，作者很晚才知道洪水的事情是因为媒体报道得晚。3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？A.Italyisn'tgoodatpredictingthenaturaldisasters.B.Allnaturaldisastersshouldbecoveredequally.C.Theworldshouldbeunitedintooneinstantly.D.AmericashouldhelpItalypredictnaturaldisasters.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IunderstandthattechnicallytheearthquakeinItalywasworsethanthefloodsinLouisiana.However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequallyseriously.”可知，所有的自然灾害都需要被平等地报道。4.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped？A.Bymakingacomparison.B.Byfollowingthetimeorder.C.Bylistingsomeexamples.D.Byanalyzingthecauses.答案：A推理判断题。本文通过讲述了两个地方发生的不同自然灾害来比对说明对自然灾害的报道有所偏差。disastern.灾难tragedyn.悲剧accuratelyadv.精确地最后一段第二句：However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequallyseriously.译文：然而，我相信如果自然灾害发生的话，它们都应该被平等地报道并且受到同等关注。分析：这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，作动词believe的宾语。宾语从句中含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。专题强化训练(二)(1)Therobotsarecoming！Alltheeffortsyouputintostudyingatuniversitymaynothavebeenenough—becauserobotscouldbecomingforyourjob.Anewstudyfindsthatasmanyas800millionworkerscouldbereplacedbyrobotsby2030.ThestudyfromtheMcKinseyGlobalInstituteestimatesthat“between400millionand800millionindividualscouldbereplacedbyautomation(自动化)orrobotsandneedtofindnewjobsby2030aroundtheworld”.Itestimatesthat30percentofthehourspeoplespendonworkinggloballycouldhavebeenautomatedbythattime.Thosemostaffectedwillbepeoplewhoworkin“predictableenvironments”doingtaskssuchasoperatingmachinesandpreparingfastfood.Thosewhomakealivingcollectingandprocessingdataalsofaceahighriskofbeingreplacedbyrobots.Butpeoplewhoworkinlesspredictableenvironmentssuchasgardeners,plumbers,andchildcarestafffaceasmallerrisk,becausetheirroles“aretechnicallydifficulttobeautomatedandoftencommandrelativelylowerwages,whichmakesautomationalessattractivebusinessproposition”.However,it'snotalldoom(厄运)forthefutureofemployment.Thestudynotesthatautomationsometimesallowsworkerstoremainemployedinadifferentposition.“Evenwhensometasksareautomated,theemploymentrateinthoseoccupationsmaynotdeclinebecauseworkersmayperformnewtasks，”McKinsey&Companywroteinareleaseonitswebsite.ItnotedthatChinahasthelargestnumberofemployeeswhowouldneedtoswitchoccupations,upto100millionifautomationwasadoptedrapidly,or12percentofthe2030workforce.Thenumbersarehigherinmoreadvancedeconomies,withuptoone­thirdofthe2030workforceinAmericaandGermanyneedingtoswitchoccupations,alongwithnearlyhalfofthe2030workforceinJapan.Countrieswhichfailtoprepareworkersfortransitiontonewjobswillfeeltheimpactofariseinunemploymentanddepressedwages,accordingtothestudy.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究报告预计，到2030年全球将有高达8亿人的工作被机器人和自动化操作取代。1.Whywilllotsofpeopleneedtofindnewjobsby2030aroundtheworld？A.Theydon'tputeffortsintotheirstudyatuniversity.B.Theworld'sworkingpopulationisonthesteadyincrease.C.Theywillbepaidlesswiththedevelopmentoftechnology.D.Robotsorautomationwilltaketheplaceoftheirpositions.答案：D细节理解题。由第一段和第二段的内容可知，很多工人需要重新找工作是因为预计到2030年他们将被机器人或自动化操作所取代。2.Whichofthefollowingjobswillbetheleastlikelytobereplacedbyrobots？A.Machineoperation. B．Fastfoodcooking.C.Childcareinkindergarten. D．Datacollection.答案：C细节理解题。由第三段的第三句并结合选项可知，幼儿园的儿童保育工作人员被机器人取代的可能性最小。3.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthefutureemployment？A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Unconcernedandindifferent.D.Havingnopersonalpreference.答案：D推理判断题。文章前两段提到研究预测大量的工人会被机器人或自动化设备取代；第四段的首句提到对未来的就业来说，这并不一定是厄运；接下来又提到人们可以从事其他工作。从而可以看出作者对未来的就业形势态度客观，没有个人偏好。4.Whichsectiondoesthearticlebelongto？A.Education. B．Technology.C.Lifestyle. D．Business.答案：B推理判断题。本文主要论述了麦肯锡全球研究院近期发布的研究报告，预计到2030年全球多达8亿工人将会被机器人或自动化操作取代。由常识可知机器人和自动化设备的核心技术——人工智能属于技术范畴，所以本文应属于科技类范畴。predictableadj.可预见的；可预料的occupationn.职业；占有；消遣adoptvt.采用，采纳；收养最后一段第一句：ItnotedthatChinahasthelargestnumberofemployeeswhowouldneedtoswitchoccupations,upto100millionifautomationwasadoptedrapidly,or12percentofthe2030workforce.译文：它指出，中国需要转换职业的员工数量最多，如果迅速采用自动化，该数量将达到1亿，或者占2030年劳动力总数的12%。分析：这是一个主从复合句，that引导宾语从句，作动词note的宾语。在宾语从句中，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词employees;if引导条件状语从句。(2)Thedollonmydeskwasimportantforme.Seeingit,Icouldn'thelpthinkingofDoris.Doriswasascienceteacherbyprofession,butshewasalsoaverycreativeperson.Allaroundherroomweredollsthatshehadmade.FromwhatIgatheredfromtalkingtoDoris,she'dtakenaclassindollmaking.OnedaywhileIwasinherroomshetookoneofthedollsoutofthecasetoshowme,sayingthiswasthefirstdollshehadevermade.Thisdollwasveryunusualwithfineartisticwork.Theceramic(陶瓷的)skirtwasmadeofdelicateruffles(褶裥饰边).Iwasamazedthatanyonecoulddosuchuniquework.AsDoriswasholdingthedollverycarefullysheturnedthedollinsuchawaythatIcouldseeaslightbreakinoneoftherufflesontheskirt.Thenshesaid,“Wouldyoulikemetotellyouaboutthis？”Ofcourse,Iwascurioustoknowwhathappened.Dorissaidthatonthewaytoclassshebumpedthesideoftheskirt.Shesaidshewasupsetandalmostdidn'tgotoclassatall.Whenitwasherturntoshowthedolltotheteacher,shehadtopointoutthebreakintheskirt.Dorisfeltforsurethatthedollwouldberejected(拒绝)becauseofit.Muchtohersurprise,theteachertoldhershewasjustgoingtoignorethisbreakandgradethedollontheothergoodqualitiesithad.Dorissaidtheattitudefromtheteacherchangedherlife.Ifthatteacherhadn'tforgiventhatsmallmistake,shewouldneverhavemadetherestofthedolls.ThisteachercouldhavemadeDorisfeelashamedbyhermistake.Butbecauseofherwillingnesstoignorethemistake,Doriswassharingherkindnesstothenextgeneration.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者看到桌子上的陶瓷娃娃想到了Doris，以及她和自己分享的一个温暖的故事。1.Whywasthedollonthedeskwasimportantfortheauthor？A.Itfilledtheauthorwithkindness.B.ItremindedtheauthorofDoris.C.ItconveyedwhathappenedtoDoris.D.Itwasmadebytheauthorandhisteacher.答案：B细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Seeingit,Icouldn'thelpthinkingofDoris.”可知，作者看见这个娃娃就想到了Doris。2.HowdidtheauthorknowwhathappenedtothespecialdollDoristookout？A.BycommunicatingwithDoris.B.Byexaminingtheartisticwork.C.Byreadingthesignonthedoll.D.Bytakingaclassindollmaking.答案：A细节理解题。由第二段第一句中的“FromwhatIgatheredfromtalkingtoDoris”可知，作者与Doris交谈中得知该玩偶的独特之处。3.WhatdoweknowaboutDoris？A.Shewaskind. B．Shewascurious.C.Shewashonest. D．Shewasclumsy.答案：C推理判断题。由第四段中的“Whenitwasherturntoshowthedolltotheteacher,shehadtopointoutthebreakintheskirt.”可知，当轮到她把玩偶展示给老师看的时候，她指出了裙子上的破损之处。她没有丝毫掩饰，说明她很诚实。4.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Ignoreothers'shame.B.Shareyourkindnesstoothers.C.Focusmoreonyourownmistakes.D.Holdpositiveattitudetoothers'mistakes.答案：D推理判断题。由第四段中的“gradethedollontheothergoodqualitiesithad”和第五段第一句“Dorissaidtheattitudefromtheteacherchangedherlife.”可知，老师的态度改变了他的人生。由此说明我们对待别人的错误要宽容，即持有积极的态度。delicateadj.精致的；微妙的；熟练的；纤弱的；易损的uniqueadj.独特的；唯一的，独一无二的bumpv.碰，撞；颠簸而行第五段第二句：Ifthatteacherhadn'tforgiventhatsmallmistake,shewouldneverhavemadetherestofthedolls.译文：如果老师没有包容那次小小的过失，她将永远不会制作其他的瓷器玩偶。分析：这是一个虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用的是过去完成时态，主句中的谓语动词用的是wouldhavedone。(3)TheUnbelievableSurvivalfromBearAttacksThispastOctober,ItookanearlymorninghikeintheMadisonValleyinsouthwestMontana.Knowingthatbearsarecommonthroughouttheareaandnotwantingtosurpriseone,Ishoutedout,“Hey,bear！”every30seconds.Aboutthreemilesin,Isteppedoutintoameadowandshoutedagain.AfewmorestepsandIspottedabrownbearwithherbabiesonthetrailattheupperendofthemeadow.Thesowsawmerightaway,andtheyallranupthetrail.Butthenshestopped,turned,andchargedstraighttome.IyelledsoshewouldknowIwashumanandhopefullyturnback.Nosuchluck.Igaveherafullchargeofbearsprayatabout25feet.Hermomentum(冲力)carriedherrightthroughtheorangecloudandontome.Idivedface—firstintothedirtandwrappedmyarmsaroundthebackofmyneckforprotection.Shewasontopofme,bitingmyarms,shoulders,andbackpack.Theforceofeachbitewaslikeahammerwithteeth.Overandovershebitme.Afterwhatfeltlikehoursbutwasmerelyminutes,shedisappeared,apparentlysatisfiedthatIcausednofurtherthreat.Itriedtopickmyselfup,butmyeyeswerefullofbloodandIcouldn'tsee.Iknewthatifshecamebackagain,I'dbedead,soIwipedthebloodfromoneeyeandlookedaround.Nobear.Istoodupandmovedquic