高考英语一轮复习-27(重大)、事件文化渊源课时提能练

2022版高考英语一轮复习27（重大）政治、历史事件文化渊源课时提能练（含解析）2022版高考英语一轮复习27（重大）政治、历史事件文化渊源课时提能练（含解析）PAGE2022版高考英语一轮复习27（重大）政治、历史事件文化渊源课时提能练（含解析）课时提能练(二十七）Ⅰ.阅读理解A（2019·福建泉州质检，C）Whenmygrandmotherdiedattheageof96，thereweretwothingssheleftbehindinabundance—nearly100photoalbumsdocumentingdecadesoftravelandhomelife，andadozenquilts，oneofwhichmymothergaveme.Quiltingistheprocessofsewingtogetherfabric(布料)tomakeonelargepieceoffabric。Inmyfamily,quiltingandsewingisatraditionthathasbeenpasseddownthroughthegenerations.Mymothersayshergreat­grandmotherwouldoccasionallytravelaroundNewYorkIntheUnitedStates，quiltingwasacraft（手艺)thatstartedasanecessityandeventuallybecamemuchmore。In1862,theUSgovernmentofferedmillionsofacresoflandtoAmericanswhowantedtomovewest.Thisallowedfamiliestosettleonlandthattheycouldeventuallyown。Theyoftenbuilttheirownhomesandlivedoffthevegetablesintheirgardensandthelivestocktheyhad.Sewingwasveryimportanttowomenbecausetheywereresponsibleforclothingtheirfamiliesandkeepingthemwarm。Quiltingalsobecameachanceforwomentosocializewitheachother。Theywouldgatherforso。called“quiltingbees",wheretheywouldmeetupandworkononequiltingprojecttogether.Thisprovidedamuch。neededrelieffromthelonelylifeoflivingonalargepieceofland。Throughouthistory，thedifferentpatternsonAmericanquiltshaveconveyedallkindsofinformation.Fromthem,wecantellwhereapersonlivedandwhatregionoftheworldtheyoriginatedfrom，orsometimesastoryistoldinpicturesonaquilt。Eventoday,womenstillgathertoquilttogetherinashowoffriendshipandaloveofthecraft，justliketheolddays。Mysisterhastriedquiltingafewtimes，andhopefully,hertwodaughtersmayonedaycontinuethisfamilytradition。【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。绗缝，我们俗称“缝被子".绗缝这种手艺一开始只是生活所需，后来却变得愈发重要。它不仅能为人们日常所用，也是旧时美国妇女聚会社交的一大活动.如今，绗缝手艺离现代生活似乎已渐行渐远，殊不知，密密麻麻的针脚缝合的不仅仅是被子，也是历史走过的印记。1．Whatdoweknowaboutquilting？A．Itisalosttraditionalcraft.B．ItisamajormeansofmakingalivingintheUSA。C．Itisacraftthathasbecomeaculturalsymbol.D．ItisawaytocarryontheAmericanhistory.C［细节理解题。本题题干意为：对于绗缝我们知道什么？根据倒数第二段（纵观历史，不同样式的美国被子传递着不同的信息。从被子那里,我们可以辨别人的住处，他们来自世界的哪个地区，有时被子上的图案还隐藏着一个故事)可知,绗缝手艺已成了一种文化象征，故答案为C项。A：它是已经失去的传统手艺;B：它是在美国谋生的主要方式；D：它是延续美国历史的一种方式.]2．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph3？A．Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.B．Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C．Addsomebackgroundinformation.D．PraisetheUSgovernment'spolicy.C［推理判断题。本题题干意为：作者在第三段想做什么？第三段介绍了在美国出现绗缝这门手艺的社会背景，故答案为C项(增加一些背景信息）。A:引入一个新的讨论话题；B：总结前面的段落；D：表扬美国政府的政策。］3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4referto?A．Workingontheland。B．Participatingin“quiltingbees”．C．Designingaquiltingproject.D．Clothingthefamily。B［词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第四段中的画线词“This"指的是什么?根据逻辑可推知This指的是上句中的“quiltingbees”，故答案为B项。A：在土地上劳作；C:设计一个绗缝项目；D：为家人做衣服。］4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toinstructhowtosewtogetherfabric.B．Toshowtheauthor’sskillsofquilting。C．Totellaboutthestruggleofwomen。D．Toappealforpreservationofquilting.D［写作意图题.本题题干意为：作者写此文的目的是什么？根据全文尤其是最后一段最后一句可推知,作者写此文是为了呼吁保护绗缝这一传统文化，故答案为D项。A：指导如何将布料缝在一起;B：展示作者的绗缝技术；C：讲述妇女的奋斗历程。]BChineseFestivalAsanancientcountry，Chinahasvariousfestivalsinall.TheSpringFestivalIntheeveningbeforetheSpringFestival,thefamilygettogethertohaveabigmeal.Dumplingsarethemosttraditionalfood。Besidesdeliciousfoodandnewclothes，childrenalsogetluckymoneyfromtheirparents。PeoplealsoputChineseNewYearscrolls(春联)onthewallforgoodfortune.TheLantern(灯笼)FestivalDuringthisfestival,thereisspecialfood,called“tangyuan”，whichissaidtosymbolizeboththefirstfullmoonandfamilycompleteness.Partofthelanternfestivaltraditioninvolvesagametoguessriddlesattachedtothelantern。Stilt。walking（踩高跷)，drumming,dragonandliondancingarethemainentertainmentformsoftheLanternFestival。TheDuanwuFestivalAlsocalledtheDragonBoatFestival，itistocommemorate(纪念）thepatriotic（爱国的）poetQuYuan，aloyalandhighlyesteemedminister,whobroughtpeaceandprosperitytothestatebutendedupdrowninghimselfinariverasaresultofbeingvilified（污蔑,诽谤)．TheDoubleSeventhFestivalOnthe7thdayofthe7thlunarmonth,thereisatraditionalfestivalfullofromance。ItcelebratestheannualmeetingofNiuLang(Cowherd）andZhinü(WeaverMaid)。Inrecentyears,inparticular,urbanyouthshavecelebrateditasValentine’sDay（情人节）inChina。TheMid.AutumnFestivalItisaconventionalfestivalforboththeHanandminoritynationalitiesinChina。ThecustomofworshippingthemooncanbetracedbacktotheancientXiaandShangDynasties.TheMid。AutumnFestivalisalsoaholidayformembersofafamilytogettogether。TheDoubleNinthFestivalOntheninthdayoftheninthmonthintheChineselunarcalendar，peoplecelebratetheDoubleNinthFestival.Later，thetraditiondevelopsintothecustomofclimbingthemountainsandeatingdouble。ninthcakes，whichmeansthatourlifewillbecomebetterandbetter.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最典型的几个传统节日:春节、元宵节、端午节、七夕节、中秋节和重阳节。5．WhichisnotinvolvedintheentertainmentsoftheLanternFestival？A．Stilt。walking.B．Dragondancing。C．Guessingriddles.D．Deliciousfoodandluckymoney.D［细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知A、B、C项都被包括在内。D项中的food虽然也涉及，但是luckymoney却是春节才有的。故选D。]6．WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutaChineseancestorwhoisthesymbolofdevoteestohishomeland？A．TheSpringFestival.B．TheDuanwuFestival。C．TheDoubleSeventhFestival.D．TheDoubleNinthFestival。B［推理判断题。通读第四段对屈原的介绍可知，屈原与本题中的“thesymbolofdevoteestohishomeland"指代一致。故选B.]7．WhataspectistheMid。AutumnFestivaluniquein？A．Families’gettingtogether。B．AfestivalofHannationality。C．Worshippingthemoon.D．Symbolizingthefullmoon.C[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Thecustomofworshippingthemoon..。”可知，中秋节崇拜月亮的习俗渊源久远.比较其他节日,都没有这个习俗，故选C。A项在春节中也有体现;B项定义错误,因为倒数第二段第一句提到少数民族也过中秋节；D项在介绍元宵节的段落中被提到：汤圆据说是新年第一个元月的象征。］C(2019·广东梅州质检，B)DonnaStricklandisaprofessorintheDepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy.ProfessorStricklandisoneoftherecipients（接受者）oftheNobelPrizeinPhysics2018withGérardMourou，herPhDsupervisoratthetime.TheypublishedthisNobel。winningresearchin1985whenStricklandwasaPhDstudentattheUniversityofProfessorDonnaStricklandisonlythethirdwomanevertohavewonaNobelPrizeinphysics。SheandherfellowwinnerswerehonouredforwhattheNobelCommitteecalledgroundbreakinginventionsinlaserphysics。ProfessorStricklanddevisedawaytouselasersasveryprecisedrillingorcuttingtools.Millionsofeyeoperationsareperformedeveryyearwiththesesharpestoflaserbeams。-“Howsurprisingdoyouthinkitisthatyou'rethethirdwomantowinthisprize?”—“Well,thatissurprising，isn’tit？Ithinkthat'sthestoryofMariathatpeoplewanttotalkabout—thatwhyshouldittake60years?Therearesomanywomenouttheredoingfantasticresearch，sowhydoesittakesolongtogetrecognised？"Physicsstillhasbeenoneofthelargestgendergapsinscience。Onerecentstudyconcludedthatatthecurrentrateitwouldbemorethantwocenturiesuntiltherewereequalnumbersofseniormaleandfemaleresearchersinthefield.ThelastwomantowinaphysicsNobelwasGerman.bornMariaGoeppert.Mayerforherdiscoveriesaboutthenucleiofatoms.BeforethatitwasMarieCurie，whosharedthe1903prizewithherhusband,Pierre。Thisyear'swinnershopethatbreakingthishalf­centuryhiatuswillmeanthefocusinfuturewillbeontheresearch,ratherthanthegenderoftheresearcher。【语篇解读】本文为议论文.DonnaStrickland成为历史上第三位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。与男性相比，能获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性科学家少之又少，作者希望在未来打破这种传统，给更多的女性科学家获奖机会。8．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“groundbreaking”underlinedinParagraph2?A．Massive。 B．Pessimistic.C．Innovative. D．Outstanding。C[词义猜测题。本题题干意为：下列中的哪一项最好地诠释第二段中画线词“groundbreaking”？根据画线词后面的句子“ProfessorStricklanddevisedawaytouselasersasveryprecisedrillingorcuttingtools。Millionsofeyeoperationsareperformedeveryyearwiththesesharpestoflaserbeams。”可推知画线词的意思是“开创性的”，故答案为C项（创新的）。massive大量的；pessimistic悲观的；outstanding杰出的。]9．WhatdoweknowaboutProfessorStrickland'sachievement？A．Shecreatedthemostintenselaserpulsesbyherself.B．Sheadvocatedequalitybetweenmenandwomen.C．Shediscoveredthenucleiofatomswithherhusband。D．Sheinventedawayofusinglasersasaccuratecuttingtools.D[细节理解题。本题题干意为：我们对Strickland教授的成就了解什么?根据第二段中“ProfessorStricklanddevisedawaytouselasersasveryprecisedrillingorcuttingtools."(Strickland教授发明了把激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切削工具的方法。)可知答案为D项。]10．WhenwasthesecondNobelPrizeinphysicsawardedtowomen?A．In1963。 B．In1985。C．In1903. D．In1958.A［细节理解题.本题题干意为:第二个诺贝尔物理学奖颁发给女性是什么时候？根据最后一段可知，居里夫人是第一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性,时间是1903年。再根据最后一段第一句可知，MariaGoeppert。Mayer是继居里夫人之后的第二位诺贝尔物理学奖女性获得者。根据第四段中“Ithinkthat’sthestoryofMariathatpeoplewanttotalkabout—thatwhyshouldittake60years？”可知，Maria获奖的时间是在居里夫人获奖后60年，即1963年,故答案为A项。］11．WhatcanbeinferredfromthestatementsinParagraph4？A．Women'sachievementsinphysicsareasgreatasmen’s。B．Women'sachievementsinphysicsaremoreandmorefantastic。C．Maria’sdiscoveriesresultedfromherlong.timeresearch.D．Genderdiscriminationstillexistsinthefieldofscienceresearch。D[推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第四段的陈述中可推断出什么？第四段中Strickland表达了对科研领域仍然存在性别歧视这一现象的不满,故答案为D项。］Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·北京朝阳区联考）Procrastination（拖延症)TechSupportChoosingbetweenimmediatesatisfactionandfuturebenefitcaneasilyleadtoshortsighteddecisions:WatchingTVinsteadofgoingtothegym，forexample，orgoingthroughsocialmediaratherthanworkingonachallengingproject.1Toguideindividualstowardgreatestchoices，FalkLieder,acognitive(认知）scientist，andhiscolleaguesdesignedadigitaltoolcalleda“cognitiveprosthesis”.Itusesartificialintelligencetomatchadecision'simmediaterewardwithitslong.termworthaftermakingato。dolist.Theresearchersdevelopedasetofmodelsandalgorithms（算法)thatconsidervariouselementssuchasalistoftasks，anindividual’sunwillingnesstoeachandtheamountoftimeavailable。2Ithelpstoencouragethatpersontocompletethemall.Theideawastoturnthechallengingprojectsthatpeoplepursueintherealworldintoagamelikeenvironment。“Thepointsystemgivespeopleachievablegoalsthatsignalthatthey'remakingprogress.”Liedersays.3Theresults,publishedonlineinAugustinNatureHumanBehavior,revealedthattheAIsupportsystemhelpedpeoplemakebetter，fasterdecisionsandprocrastinateless—anditmadethemmorelikelytocompletealltheassignedtasks。Inoneexperiment,inwhichtheresearcherspresented120participantswithalistofseveralwritingassignments.4However，theratewasonly56percentforthosenotusingit.Liedersaysoneofthecurrenttool’slimitationsisthatitcanhandleonlyshortto。dolists.5Atthesametime,theyareworkingwithacompanycalledComplicetointegratethetoolintoanexistingto.dolistapp。Theresearchersalsoplantorunfieldexperimentstoseehowwelltheircognitiveprosthesissucceedintherealworld。A．Peopleoftenstruggletodowhat'sbestfortheminthelongrun。B．Theteamtestedthistoolinaseriesofexperimentswithhumansubjects.C．Thesystemthenassignsrewardpointstoeachtaskinawaythatiscustomized。D．Andnow,heandhisteamaretryingtodevelopitupforalargernumberoftasks。E．Theyfoundthat85percentofindividualswhousedthetoolcompletedalltheirtasks.F．Astudywasconductedtofindawaytohelppeopleincreasetheirdecision。makingability。G．Thistoolisaconvincingdemonstrationthatprocrastinationissomethingthatthisstrategyc