南京大学外国语学院《963英语语言学》历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2013年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2012年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）2009年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2008年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解2007年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2006年南京大学463英语语言学考研真题及详解2003年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2002年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2001年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2000年南京大学英语语言学考研真题2014年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）第一题，术语区分题。四组术语，24分。1.phonemevs.allophone2.homonymyvs.homophony3.illocutionaryactvs.perlocutionaryact4.languageswitchvs.L1transfer第二题，选择题，考察的都是基础知识，10小题，共30分。第三题，分析题。给出几个句子，要求先填写名词前的冠词或复数后缀-s；然后总结出使用冠词或复数后缀-s的一般模式（commonpattern）。第四题，分析题，考察的知识点是歧义（ambiguity）。给出两句话，要求先回答这两句话有无歧义，并写出每句话的不同理解，再分析这两句话产生歧义的原因是否相同。1.Thechildrenplaynearthebank.2.TheprofessorsaidonMondaythathewouldgiveanexam.显然，第一句话中的bank涉及lexicalambiguity,而第二句话中的onMonday既可修饰said，又可修饰wouldgiveanexam，属于grammatical/structuralambiguity。第五题，分析题，考察隐喻。给出美国报刊（记得好像是时代周刊）上的一段话，要求辨认那些词使用了隐喻，并写出其概念隐喻。第六题，分析题，考察合作原则的准则，题目似乎是课本原题。给出几句话，要求辨认这些话违反了哪些准则，回答是否thehedgingeffortssuggesttheplausibilityoftheCP.第七题，分析题，考察cohesion和coherence。给出一段话，要求辨认涉及到的cohesivedevices；评价其coherence；对原文修改，并说出做出修改的理由。第八题，分析题，考察communicationstrategy。有三问，分别是定义，5种常见类型，使用交际策略的优缺点（prosandcons）。这道题似乎也是课本原题。

2013年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）第一题，术语区分1.fricativevs.affricate2.meronymyvs.hyponymy3.positivefacevs.negativeface4.sensevs.reference相比之下，今年该题偏简单，第一个不清楚，后三个都是很基本的概念，平时复习注意总结，结合例子用自己的语言表达出来即可。第二题，依然是二分法1.internationalization2.TheweatherinChicagotodayisnogoodforwatchingcricket.第三题，选择，要求找出四个选项中与其他三个选项不同的那个选项，并用一句话解释，共10道题，每题3分，该题大部分都是刘新仁那本语言学第二、第三章的内容，语音，重读，因素，词类，构词法基本各一题。另外还考了一道semanticrelation,这个基本近几年每年都考，这个是重点，也容易理解，这几分一定得拿到手，因为基本上没人失分。最后一道是语用学里的，Speechacttheory.第四题，简答题，给了5个新闻标题，要我们分析，whatrulesaretherewhenwewriteellipticalEnglishnewspaperheadlines?(1)3ArrestedinNewOrleansHospital(2)BlastKills53inIraqHolycity(3)MissionApplaudedasShuttleReturns(4)U.S.atoddswithAlliesonMideastConflicts(5)OptimismonBothSidesofGay-marriageDebate然后再为今天的考试写一个新闻标题第五题，简答题。irregularverbs“go”“come”,theirpast-tenseare“went”“came”.再举出两个这样的例子，然后总结它们的共同特征。并从这些特征研究英语构词法。第六题，简答题。两种动词，drive，finish，其中drive可以跟for+time,finish跟in+time,反之不对，分析这两种动词，并用这两个词造两个复杂的句子。第七题，两个笑话，要用语言学术语分析它们为什么可笑。(1)babypig—piglet然后babytoy应该是？——toilet这个应该是overgeneralization(2)A:Williamhasaskedmeforaloanoffivepounds.ShouldIbedoingrightinlendingittohim?B:Certainly.

A:Why?B:Becauseotherwisehewouldtrytoborrowitfromme.第八题，Charterizinglearners'Englishproficiencyoftencallsforameticulousanalysisoftheiroutput,writtenorspoken,intermsofaccuracy,complexity,fluency,andidiomaticity.Howcanthefouritemsbemeasuredspecifically?

2012年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题（回忆版）第一题，区分术语，共计20分：1.metonymyvs.metaphor2.generalizedconversationalimplicaturevs.particularizedconversationalimplicature3.coordinationvs.subordination4.inflectionalmorphemevs.derivationalmorpheme第二题，还是考察二分法。1.representational2.Whathappenednextastonishedallpresenttothemeeting.句子大概是这样，记不清了。第三题，选择题，回归2010年的风格。要求找出四个选项中与其他三个选项不同的那个选项，并用一句话解释。10道题，每题2分。涉及辅音的分类，发音，重音，词义关系(synonymy,antonymy,meronymy)，指示语(deictic),前缀，礼貌原则等。第四题，简答题，4道小题。1.考察语义角色。Heopenedthedoorwithakey.原句大概是这样，记不清了，要求讨论划线部分的语义角色。剩余的3道小题具体记不清了，有道题要求区分不同主位(theme)的句子。第五题，简答题。问得体条件(felicityconditions)有哪四个，并分析下面句子是如何deviatefromfelicityconditions的。1.Thankyoufornotsmoking.(Apublicsign)2.Ireallyappreciateyoureffortstotellmysecrettomyenemy.第六题，简答题。考察tautology，要求举出两个例句及其可能出现的情境。又问说话人这样说想要传达什么，这样说与其non-tautologicalequivalents有何区别。第七题，简答题。1．考察概念隐喻。Noiseisabigheadache.要求分析之并举出一个同类型的句子，又问noise还可以比作什么并写出例句。2.Ifyouwastetimetoday,youwillrepenttomorrow.问划线部分是否属于指示语及原因。好像还有别的小题。第八题，给出EmilyDickson的小诗,问whatsyntacticdeviceisemployed?Whatcohesivedeviceisused?MyfriendmustbeabirdBecauseitflies!Mortalmyfriendmustbe,Becauseitdies!

Barbshasit,likeaBee!Ah,curiousfriend!Thoupuzzlestme!

2009年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解Ⅰ.WritetheInternationalPhoneticAlphabetforthefollowingwords.(12/150)(1)attentive(2)deference(3)hypothesis(4)pathetic(5)catastrophe(6)asce(7)subtlety(8)caveat(9)frugal(10)influenza(11)languid(12)vehement答案：(1)attentive[E5tentiv](2)deference[5defErEns](3)hypothesis[hai5pCWisis](4)pathetic:[pE5Wetik](5)catastrophe:[kE5tAstrEfi](6)ascent:[E5sent](7)subtlety:[5sQtlti](8)caveat:[5keiviAt](9)frugal:[5fru:^El](10)influenza:[5influ5enzE](11)languid:[5lAN^wid](12)vehement:[5vi:imEnt]Ⅱ.ThefollowingsentenceistakenfromBarackObama’sVictorySpeech.TheunderlinedwordsarestressedbyObama.Statethegeneralrulesofsentencestressanddiscusswhethertheunderlinedwordsconformtotheserules(e.g.,whichonesaregenerallystressed;whichonesarenormallynotstressedbutgetstressedhere;andwhichonesthatarenormallystressedbutarenotstressedhere).(15/150)IfthereisanyoneouttherewhostilldoubtsthatAmericaisaplacewhereallthingsarepossible,whostillwondersifthedreamofourfoundersisaliveinourtime,whostillquestionsthepowerofourdemocracy,tonightisyouranswer.答案：Ingeneralsituations,lexicalwordsarenormallystressedwhilegrammaticalwordsareunstressed.Thosewhichmainlyworkforconstructinggroups,phrase,clause,clausecomplex,oreventextaregrammaticalwords,suchas,conjunctions,prepositions,articles,andpronouns.Andthosewhichmainlyworkforreferringtosubstance,actionandquality,suchasnouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbsarelexicalwords.Lexicalwordscarrythemaincontentofalanguagewhilegrammaticalonesservetolinktogetherdifferentcontentparts.Therefore,lexicalwordsarealsoknownascontentwordsandgrammaticalonesasfunctionalwords.Inthispassage,theverbdoubts,wonders,questions,thenounAmerica,things,dream,founders,power,democracy,theadjective:possible,alive,theadverb:still,all,fallintothecategoryoflexicalwordsandaregenerallystressed.Thepronoun:anyone,ourandyour,aregrammaticalwordswhicharenotnormallystressedbutgetstressedhere,andthenoun:place,time,tonight,answer,arelexicalwordsthatarenormallystressedbutarenotstressedinthistext.(本题考查词的分类和重音，根据词性来判断是否应该重读。)Ⅲ.Readthefollowinggroupsofwords.Foreachgroup,pointouttheonethatdoesnotfitinthegroupandexplainwhy.(Note:Focusonthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartofeachword).(20/150)(1)animal,animate,animism,animosity答案：Allthewordsinthisgroupsharethesameprefixanim-,whichoftencarriesthemeaningoflifevigor,orbeingalive.Thefirstthreewordsobviouslybelongtothiscategory.Thewordanimositymeanshatredandstrongdislike,whichdoesnotfitinthegroup.(2)missionary,ordinary,contemporary,elementary答案：Thesuffix–aryisusuallyusedafternounstoformadjectives.Itcanbealsousedafternounstorefertoconcretepeople.Inthisgroup,onlythefirstoneisanounreferringtoperson,whiletherestarealladjectives,carryingcertainattributes.(3)passionate,proportionate,differentiate,affectionate答案：Thesuffix–atecarriestwosenses,onereferringto“make,leadto”byconvertingintoverbs,theotherreferringtopossesscertaincharacteristics,usuallyintheformofadjectives.Hence,“differentiate”shouldbedeletedfromthisgroupbecauseitisdifferentfromotherwordsintheirwordclass.(4)befriend,belittle,becalm,becloud答案：“Becloud”shouldnotbecoveredinthisgroupalthoughthereareallmadeverbsbyaddingtheprefixbe-.Theprefixof“befriend,belittle,becalm”means“makeorcausetobe”,however,itmeans“decorationorcover”in“becloud”.(5)dismiss,discomfort,disperse,dispel答案：“Discomfort”doesnotfitinthisgroup.Theprefixdis-indicatesnegationoroppositeness,suchasdislike,disabled.Butanothersensehassomethingtodowith“getridof,orremovefrom”,whichcanbeidentifiedin“dismiss,disperse,anddispel”.(6)existent,dependent,detergent,confident答案：“Detergent”doesnotinaccordancewiththeotherthreewords.Thesuffix–entmakes“detergent”anoun.Itoriginallymeans“thesate,thecircumstance”.Aswecansee,“existent,dependent,confident”arealladjectivesindicating“thestate”,transformedthroughaddingthesuffix–ent.(7)chatter,banker,lawyer,sawyer答案：Obviously,“chatter”doesnotfallintothiscategory.Thesuffix–erisusuallyemployedtomakesomethingbecomesomeprofessionals.“Banker,lawyer,sawyer”allrefertoprofessionalsinallwalksoflife.Theyaremadehumanbeingssimplybyaddingthesuffix–er.(8)fishery,bribery,surgery,robbery答案：“Surgery”shouldnotbeplacedinthisgroup.Theotherthreewords“fishery,bribery,robbery”arealltransformedfromverbsintonounsbyaddingthesuffix–ery.(9)basic,critic,specific,idyllic答案：“Cirtic”doesnotgowiththeotherthreewords.Thesuffix–ichastwofunctions:oneisformingadjectiveswhichindicatethestateorattribute,theotherisconstitutingnouns,usuallyintheformofhumanbeingsorsubjects.“Critic”becomesahumanbeingbyaddingthesuffix,while“basic,specific,idyllic”formadjectivesinthesameway.(10)outbound,outsell,outshine,outgrow答案：“Outbound”isnotsupposedtobeinthisgroup.Theprefixout-originallyhastwomeanings:oneis“morethan,surpass,excel”,theotheris“outside,outdated”.Outboundwhichmeansgoingoutsideorabroadfallsintothesecondcategory.Theprefixesofotherthreewordsallindicate“surpassormorethan”.Ⅳ.Discusswhythefollowingsentencesaresemanticallyill-formed.Inwhatcontextsmighttheybeusedproperly?(15/150)(1)Interestisthebestteacher.答案：Thissentencecouldnotmakesenseliterally,sinceitmakesacomparisonbetweentwototallydifferentthingsbynature.Yet,inmetaphoricalsense,itisquitemeaningful:“sinceyouhaveastronginterestinsomething,itwillmotivateyoutoseekmoreknowledgeaboutit.”(2)Boyswillbeboys.答案：Thissentenceistautological,andinnormalsituationsitistotallyinformative,violatingquantitymaxim.However,atadeeperlevel,thelevelofwhatisimplicated,theyareinformative.Forexample,theboysbrokethewindowwhentheywereplayingfootball.Itmayconveyimplicatureslike“Boysarenaughtyandmischievousbynature”.(3)Wedidnotgetanyadvancedwarning.答案：Thisisadoublenegativesentence,whichconveystheassertivemeaning,anditcanindicatethespeaker’sstrongemotionormainpoint.However,itcanbeusedbyaboss,itcouldimplysomething:“Wehavegottenadvancedwarning,butyouseemignorethemandmessedthechance”.Ⅴ.ReadthefollowingtwosentencescollectedfromChinesestudents’compositions.Pointouttheproblemtheyshare.Giveanotherinstancethatinvolvesthesameproblem.Explainwhysuchproblemmayoccurintheirwriting.(15/150)(1)Inmyfather’sopinion,hethinkstoday’sstudentslikemeliveamorecomfortablelifethanheusedto.(2)SomestudentschoosetoliveoffCampuswithreasonablereasons.答案：Inbothofthesentences,theChinesestudentshavemadeinterlingualerrors,whicharecausedbythelearner’snativelanguageormothertongue.Forexample,intheabovesentences,thestudentswrote“Inmyfather’sopinion,hethinks…”and“…liveoffCampus”,thestudentstranslated

Chinese“根据我父亲的观点，他认为…”and“…在校外住”directlyintoEnglish.ManyChinesestudentsarelikelytomakethesimilarerrors,forexample,aChineselearnerofEnglishwrites“Ilikejumpwater”thatisanincorrectEnglishexpression,andthecorrectoneis“Ilikediving”.SuchproblemsChinesestudentsmakemaybeattributedtotheinfluenceofthemothertongue,namelytheChineselanguageormaybeorthestrategiesemployedbythelearnerinlanguage.（本题主要考查在第二语言习得中，第二语言学习者出现的问题以及导致这些问题的原因。）Ⅵ.Decidewhichofthefollowingsentencesareambiguouswheninterpretedinisolation.Discussthefactorsthatleadtosuchambiguity.Inwhatcontextsarethoseambiguousonesunambiguous?(18/150)(1)Visitingguestsareboring.(2)Mary’sfatherisadoctor.(3)PamaskedthecopwhoJackconfronted.(4)Academicallypoormalestudentsandfemalestudentshavegreaterdifficultyfindingjobs.(5)Jackpersuadedmenottoaccepttheirinvitation.(6)Dickdidn’tflythekitebecauseitwasabeautifulday.答案：Allofthesentencesareambiguouswheninterpretedinisolation.A

sentenceisambiguousifithastwoormoreparaphraseswhicharenotthemselves’paraphrasesofeachother.There’retwomajorfactorsthatleadtoambiguoussentences:lexicalandstructural.Lexicalambiguityisambiguityattributabletothatfactthatsomeambiguouswords(homonymy,polysemy)containedinthesentencecausesthewholesentencetobeambiguous,whichillustratedby(2)and(4),inthesentence(2),theword“doctor”hastwomeanings:1.“医生”;2.“博士”,andinsentence(4),theword“poor”hastwomeanings:1.“贫穷的”;2.“可怜的”.Structuralambiguityisambiguitythatrestsontwoormorepossibilitiesofrelationshipofmodificationamongwordscontainedinthesentence,sentence(1)and(3)aretheexamplesofstructuralambiguity。Forexample,sentence(1)canbeparaphrased:“Itcanbeboringtovisitguests.”or“Guestswhoarevisitingcanbeboring.”However,insentence(5)and(6),itisthedifferentunderstandingofnegativeword,whetheritissemi-negativeorfull-negative,thisisthegrammarfactorleadingtoambiguity.Forexample,insentence(6),wecancomprehend:“Becauseitwasabeautifulday,Dickdidn’tflythekite.”or“NotonlybecauseitwasabeautifuldaythatDickdidn’tflythekite.”Soinordertoreduceoreliminateambiguity,wehavetoputthesesentencesinconcretecontext,suchassituationalcontextandlinguisticcontext,culturalbackgrounds.（本题主要考查歧义产生的原因。）Ⅶ.Readthefollowingsentences.Underlinethewordorstructureineachsentencethattriggersinferenceaboutthepresupposedinformation.Giveapropernameforthetypeofpresuppositiontriggerusedineachcase.Decidewhichofthevarioustriggersis/arelikelytotriggercancellable

presuppositionandillustrateyouranswerwithoneortwoexamples.(20/150)(1)Petergaveupsmokinglastmonth.(2)WhatwasthemostunbelievablewasthatJackwonthegame.(3)MarychargedTimwiththeftayearago.(4)BeforeIleftBeijinglastFriday,Ihadstayedtherefor10days.(5)TheteacheraskedthestudentstorewritetheircompositionsontheimportanceoftheInternet.答案：Apresuppositiontriggerisalexicalitemorlinguisticconstructionwhichisresponsibleforthepresupposition.Inthesentence(1),theverbphrase“gaveup”triggersinferencethatPeterhadbeensmoking.Thistypeofpresuppositiontriggeriscalled“Changeofstateverbs”.Inthesentence(2),thecleftsentence“Whatwasthemostunbelievablewasthat”,triggersinferenceaboutthepresupposedinformationisthatsomethinggreatJackhaddone.Thistypeofpresuppositiontriggeriscalled“Cleftsentences”.Inthesentence(3),theverb“charge”triggersinferencethatMarythinkstheftisbad,andthiskindoftriggeriscalled“Verbsofjudging”.Inthesentence(4),theword“Before”triggersinferencethatIhadstayedinBeijingfor10days,andthiskindofpresuppositiontriggeriscalled“Adverbialclausesoftime”.

Inthesentence(5),theverb“rewrite”triggersinferencethattheteacherhadaskedthestudentstowritetheircompositionsontheimportanceoftheInternetbefore.Thispresuppositiontriggerbelongsto“iteratives”.Typesofpresuppositiontriggerscantriggercancelablepresupposition:Changeofstateverbs,andVerbsofjudging,andImplicativeverbs,forexample,JohnstoppedbeatinghiswifeandfromthissentencewecanknowthatJohnhadbeenbeatinghiswife.ThisisthecaseofChangeofstateverbs,andanotherImplicativeexample:Iforgottobringthebook.ThisutteranceimpliedthatIoughttobringthebooks.（本题主要考查预设和预设触发语的分类）Ⅷ.StudythefollowingconversationfromJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudice.DiscussitintermsofGrice’sCooperativePrinciple.Isthereanymaximthatisbeingflouted?Whatconversationalimplicatureiscommunicatedbysuchdeliberatebreach?(15/150)“Whatishisname?”“Bingley.”“Ishemarriedorsingle?”“Oh!Single,mydear,tobesure!Asinglemanoflargefortune;fourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!”答案：ThefourmaximsoftheCooperativePrinciplesproposedbyGricearethemaximofquantity,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner.

Inthisconversation:A:“Whatishisname?”B:“Bingley.”,Bobeysthemaximofquantityandquality,andinconversation:A:“Ishemarriedorsingle?”B:“Oh!Single,mydear,tobesure!Asinglemanoflargefortune;fourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!”,intheutteranceB,“Oh!Single,mydear,tobesure!”,thespeakerisparticularlycarefulaboutthemaximofquality,whichrulesthatdonotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence;however,intherestpartofutteranceB,”Asinglemanoflargefortune;fourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!”,thespeakerviolatesthemaximofrelationsandquantity.Thespeakertriestoconveyconversationalimplicaturesandthehearercancomprehendthemonthebasisofpreviousinformation,sofromthisconversation,itimpliesthatBingleyisnotonlysinglebutalsoveryrich,andhewillbethesharptargetforoneofthespeaker’ssingledaughterstogetmarriedwith.（本题主要考查格莱斯的合作原则以及由于违反合作原则产生的会话含义。）Ⅸ.Readthefollowingidiomsandtheirexplanations.Groupthemonthebasisofsomecriterionthatyouthinkfit.Statethecriterionyouuseforthegrouping.(20/150)1.castlesintheair:visionaryunattainableschemes;daydreams2.footthebill:payforsomething3.tightenone’sbelt:liveonlessmoneythantheusual4.throwthebookat:chargeorpunishasseverelyaspossible5.bumthecandleatbothends:gotobedlateandgetupearly

6.shootthebreeze:haveacasualconversation7.turnthetableson:reverseone’spositionrelativetosomeoneelse,especially,byturningapositionofdisadvantageintooneofadvantage8.playitbyear:decidehowtodealwithasituationasitdevelopsratherthanplanningbeforehand9.pullone’sleg:deceivesomebodyplayfully;teasesomebody答案：Theexamplesprovidedfallintothecategoryofslang,whichisacausaluseoflanguagethatconsistsofexpressivebutnonstandardvocabulary,typicallyofarbitrary,flashyandoftenephemeralcoinagesandfiguresofspeechcharacterizedbyspontaneityandsometimesbyracinessthecentralcharacteristicofslangcomesfromthemotiveforitsuse:adesirefornovelty,forvividemphasis,frommembershipinaparticulargrouporclassofpeoplewhose“communityargot”maybeincomprehensibleforoutsider,orforbeingupwiththetimesoralittleahead.Asforsomeslang,wemayidentifytheirrealmeaningbasedontheirliteralmeaning.However,moreoftenthannot,itisextremelydifficultforustofigureoutwhatitreallymeanswithoutrelatedknowledgeandculturebackground.Iwillclassifytheexamplesintotwogroupsaccordingtothedegreeofidentificationalityoftheslang.Thefirstgroupistheslangwhichwemayidentifyitsmeaning;including“castlesintheair,footthebill,tightenone’sbelt,throwthebookat,andturnthetableson”wecandetecttheirmeaningssimplybyinterpretingtheliteralwordsandmakingsome

associations.Althoughwecannotfigureouttheprecisemeaningoftheseitems,wewouldnotbehamperedduringtheprocessofcomprehension.Thesecondgroupembodiestherestitems,“bumthecandleatbothends,shootthebreeze,playitbyear,andpullone’sleg”Asforthisgroup,thewayforinterpretationdoesnotworkhere.Ifwetriedtointerpretthemfromtheliterallevel,wemayendupataloss,havingnoideawhatitreallyconveys.Thisisespeciallydifficultforforeignlearnerswhohavenoaccesstorelevantknowledgeorculturebackground.(本题主要考查社会语言学的小分支—俚语的应用。考生可以从不同角度来分类和论证。)

2008年南京大学963英语语言学考研真题及详解I.Writetheinternationalphoneticalphabetforthefollowingwords.(12/150)(1)hypothesis(2)academician(3)verbatim(4)technique(5)capacity(6)standardize(7)guarantee(8)paradigm(9)primarily(10)rhetoric(11)procedure(12)originate答案：(1)[hai5pCWisis](2)[E7kAdE5miFEn](3)[vE:5beitim](4)[tek5ni:k](5)[kE5pAsiti](6)[5stAndEdaIz](7)[7^ArEn5ti:](8)[5pArEdaim](9)[5praimErili](10)[5retErik](11)[prE5si:dVE](12)[E5ridVineit]II.ItoftenhappensinEnglishthatwhentwowordsareputtogetherinacompoundword,thepronunciationofthecompoundwordwillbedifferentfromthatofthetwoseparatewords.Forinstance,cup+board→cupboard;thepronunciationwillbecome/5kQbEd/.Similarchangeswillhappenwhentwowordsareputtogetherinaphrase.TranscribetheunderlinedpartofeachofthefollowingphrasesintheInternationalPhoneticAlphabetastheyareactuallypronounced.(16/150)(1)asyouknow(2)IttookalongtimetoarriveatGreenPark.(3)Itwashardeventomakeaphonecall.(4)Didyoufindtheanswer?答案：(1)/EVjEnEu/(2)/gri:mpB:k/(3)/fEuNkC:l/(4)/didVu:/III.Foreachgroupoftheitemsinthefollowing,pointoutwhichitemdoesnotfallunderthesamecategoryastherest,andexplainthereasoninONEsentence.(30/150)(1)A./f/B./z/C./V/D./k/[Focusonmannerofarticulation](2)A./C/B./a:/C./Q/D./u/[Focusonplaceofarticulation](3)A./p/B./b/C./d/D./m/[Focusonstateofvoicing](4)A.awareB.ignoreC.relayD.pertain[Focusonthestructureoftheunderlinedsyllables](5)A.greenhouseB.friendshipC.courtyardD.whitewood[Focusonwordformation](6)A.intricateB.withinC.alightD.contaminate[Focusonwordclass](7)A.wake-asleepB.inside-outsideC.teacher-studentD.right-left[Focusonthetypeofsemanticopposition](8)A.adhereB.relateC.stickD.comply[Focusoncollocation](9)A.expertiseB.evidenceC.equipmentD.discourse[Focusoncountability](10)A.quantityB.mannerC.approbationD.quality[Focusonaconversationalprinciple](11)A.thereB.yesterdayC.youD.it[Focusondeicticexpressions](12)A.goalB.rhemeC.instrumentD.causative[Focusonsemanticroles](13)A.truthconditionB.sincerityconditionC.essentialconditionD.preparatorycondition[Focusonthefelicityconditionsofspeechactperformance](14)A.indeterminacyB.calculabilityC.defeasibilityD.interestingness[Focusonthepropertiesofconversationalimplicature](15)A.fieldofdiscourseB.themeofdiscourseC.tenorofdiscourseD.modeofdiscourse

[FocusonHalliday’sregistertheory]【答案与解析】(1)DReason:A,BandCarefricative,butDisplosive.(2)DReason:A,B,andCarelowvowels,whileDishighvowel.(3)AReason:B,C,andDarevoicedconsonantswhileAisvoicelessconsonant.(4)DReason:A,B,andChavenocoda,whileDhasacoda[n].(5)BReason:A,CandDarecompounds,whileBisderivation.(6)DReason:A,BandCareadjectiveswhileDisadverb.(7)CReason:A,BandDaregradableantonymywhileCisconverseantonymy.(8)DReason:A,BandCcollocatewith“to”whileDcollocateswith“with”.(9)D

Reason:A,BandCareuncountablenounswhileDisacountablenoun.(10)CReason:A,BandDbelongtothefourmaximsofcooperativeprinciplewhileCisoneofthesixmaximsofpolitenessprinciple.(11)BReason:“yesterday”isatimeadverbialbutnotdeictic.(12)DReason:A,B,andCarethreethematicroles,whileDisnot.(13)AReason:Felicityconditionincludesessentialcondition,sinceritycondition,preparatorycondition,andpropositionalcontentconditions,inwhichAisnotincluded.(14)DReason:Disnotthepropertiesofconversationalimplicature.(15)BReason:A,CandDarethethreefactorswhichdeterminetheregisterofadiscourse,whileBisnot.Ⅳ.Somestudentsmayusetheincorrectformsintheleftcolumnbelowinsteadofthecorrectonesintherightcolumn.Discussthepossiblefactorsthatcausesucherrors.(20/150)(1)IncorrectCorrectSomestudentsdonotcareSomestudentsdonotcareforothers.others.TheyarebusysearchingTheyarebusysearching.(2)IncorrectCorrectIthasbeenexistedforalongIthasexistedforalongtime.time.Thebusisarrived.Thebushasarrived.(3)IncorrectCorrectYoushouldreturnthelibraryYoushouldreturnthebookstothelibrary.thebooks.HereportedthepolicetheHereportedtheaccidenttotheaccident.(4)police.IncorrectCorrectIforgotthecaraccidentIforgotthecaraccidentthathappenedatthecornerofthatstreet.happenedatthecornerofthatstreet.Theideaoccurredtomewasaveryvagueone.Theideathatoccurredtomewasaveryvagueone.(5)IncorrectCorrectLinguisticsisgettingmoreandmoreimportanttoourAslinguisticsisgettingmoreandmoreimportanttoourunderstandingoftheworld,someknowledgeofitisbeneficial.understandingoftheworld,someknowledgeofitisbeneficial.Humorhelpsusinmanyways,weallneedit.Ashumorhelpsusinmanyways,weallneedit.答案：Tofindthepossiblereasonofthoseerrors,itisnecessarytomakeadescriptionandexplanationtothoseerrors.In(1),theerroristheomissionoftheproposition“for”.Thestudentwhowritestheincorrectsentencetakestheintransitiveverbs“care”and“search”fortransitiveverbs.Thestudentsmayover-generalizetheusageofintransitiveverbs.In(2),Thestudentsmayhavethewrongviewthatpassivevoiceshouldbeusedinallsituationsaslongasthesubjectissomethingbutnotsomebody.Thiserrorisamatterofintransitiveverbsandpassivevoice.Thereisnopassivevoiceofintransitiveverbs.In(3),therearetwokindsoftransitiveverbs.Sometransitiveverbscanbefollowedbytwoobjectsandotherscanonlybefollowedbyoneobject.Thestudentsheretakethesingle-objecttransitiveverbs“return”and“report”forthedouble-objecttransitiveverbs.In(4),theerroristheomissionofaconjunction“that”.Inattributiveclause,“that”cannotbeomittedwhenitservesasasubject.In(5),theerroristheomissionofaconjunction“as”.Thelostoftheconjunctionmakesthesentencesfailincohesion.Observingtheabovedescriptions,wecanfindthefollowingpossiblereasons:a.Studentsmayovergeneralizetheusage.Errorin(1),(2),(3)and(4)maybeofthistype.b.Studentsmaymakeerrorsduetotheinfluenceoftheirnativelanguage.Sentencesin(5)canbethistypeoferror.SupposethelearnersareChinese,theymightmakeerrorslikesentencesin(5)becauseitisnotnecessarilytouse“conjunction”tomarkthecause-effectrelationshipoftwoclauses.Generallyspeaking,therea