政经文体翻译

第六讲政经文体翻译

TranslationofPoliticalandEconomicEssays

政论文的文体特点

用词标准、严谨、庄重逻辑严密，说理性强。由于政论文旨在解析思想，阐发论点，辩明事理，展开论证，因此内容复杂，句式结构多变，作者重整体布局，重修辞。资产阶级自由化bourgeoisliberalization×bourgeoisliberalization,meaningWesterninfluence;bourgeoisliberalization,ortheattempttorestorecapitalism/inthenameofliberalizationoverthegovernment.√帝国主义搞和平演变，……peacefulevolutionortheattempttotransformsocialismintocapitalismbypeacefulmeans×TheimperialismaimedtosubvertsocialismbypushingpeacefulevolutiontowardscapitalisminChina.√“香港特别行政区将保持自由港和独立关税地区的地位。〞TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillretainthestatusofafreeportandaseparatecustomaryterritory.中国的经济是一个大问题。China’seconomyisanimportant/majorquestion.从深圳的情况看，公有制是主体… InthecaseofShenzhen,thepublicownershipsectoristhemainstayoftheeconomy…现在，周边一些国家和地区经济开展比我们快… Atpresent,someneighboringcountriesandregionsaregrowingfasterthanours.不坚持社会主义，不改革开放，不开展经济，不改善人民生活，只能是死路一条。 Ifwedidnotadheretosocialism,implementthepoliciesofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,developtheeconomyandraiselivingstandards,wewouldfindourselvesinablindalley.…使人们感到我们真心诚意搞改革开放。 ThiswouldconvincethepeoplethatwewerewholeheartedlycommittedtoReformandopenpolicy.共同富裕的设想是这样提出的：一局部地区有条件先开展起来，一局部地区开展慢点，先开展起来的地区带动后开展的地区，最终到达共同富裕。 Ourplanisasfollows:whereconditionspermit,someareasmaydevelopfasterthanothers;thosethatdevelopfastercanhelppromotethosewhichlagbehindandthuscometothecommonwealth.对改革开放一开始就有不同意见，这是正常的。 Inthebeginningopinionsweredividedaboutthereformandtheopenpolicy.Thatwasnormal.

民之所忧，我之所思；民之所思，我之所行。〔温总理答记者问〕

Whatpeopleareconcernedaboutpreoccupiesmymind,andwhatpreoccupiespeople’smindiswhatIneedtoaddress.

为了国家的富强，为了社会的公平正义，为了让人们幸福快乐地过得更好，为了让孩子们上好学，为了使我们的民族在世界赢得应有的尊严，我愿献出我的全部心血和精力。〔温总理答记者问〕

Toensurethiscountrytobecomestrongerandmoreprosperous,tobuildasocietyofequityandjustice,toensurethepeopleliveahappylife,ourchildrencangotoschoolandournationisdulyrespectedintheinternationalcommunity,I'mwillingtodedicatemyselfwholeheartedlytothiscause.

1990年以来，美国等西方国家无视中国政治稳定，经济开展，社会进步，民主与法制日益完善，人民生活水平不断提高的事实，在联合国人权委员会连续五次抛出反华提案，粗暴干预中国内政，企图破坏中国稳定，遏制中国开展，进而改变中国的开展道路和社会制度。他们四处游说，多方施压，意图到达其不可告人的目的。但是，在中国和广阔亚非拉开展中国家以及其他主持正义国家的坚决反对和抵抗下，西方的反华图谋连续五次遭到挫败。这不仅是中国的胜利，也是广阔开展中国家和国际正义力量维护《联合国宪章》宗旨和原那么的胜利。〔国务院新闻办公室《中国人权事业的进展》1995〕本卷须知了解原文的写作意图及写作背景理解原文，把握词义，慎重选词通读全文，突出中心论点，分析文章的总体结构和谋篇布局的脉络，理清逻辑推论的层次，领会作者的章法弄清作者的立场、观点，防止歪曲事实。我相信13亿人民微笑着面对世界，全世界人民也会微笑着对待中国。〔温总理有关北京奥运会讲话〕

Ihaveconfidencethatthesmilesof1.3billionpeopleinfrontoftheworldwillbereciprocatedbythesmilesofthepeoplefromallovertheworld.

1990年以来，美国等西方国家无视中国政治稳定，经济开展，社会进步，民主与法制日益完善，人民生活水平不断提高的事实，在联合国人权委员会连续五次抛出反华提案，粗暴干预中国内政，企图破坏中国稳定，遏制中国开展，进而改变中国的开展道路和社会制度。Since1990,theU.S.andsomeotherwesterncountries,disregardingChina’spoliticalstability,economicdevelopment,socialprogress,dailyperfectionofdemocracyandthelegalsystemandconstantimprovementofpeople’slivingstandards,haveconcoctedfiveanti-ChinaproposalsattheUnitedNationsHumanrightsCommissions,wantonlyinterferinginChina’sinternalaffairsbytryingtochangeChina’sdevelopmentpathandsocialsystemthroughsabotagingitsstabilityandpreventingitformgoingforward.他们四处游说，多方施压，意图到达其不可告人的目的。但是，在中国和广阔亚非拉开展中国家以及其他主持正义国家的坚决反对和抵抗下，西方的反华图谋连续五次遭到挫败。Theyhavegoneeverywheretoselltheirideasandimposepressurefromvariousaspectssoastoreachtheirsinisterpoliticalpurposes.However,undertheresoluteoppositeandresistanceofChina,thevastnumberofdevelopingcountriesinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmericaandothercountriesthatsupportjustice,allfiveanti-ChinaplotsoftheWesthavefailed.ItisavictorynotonlyforChina,butalsoforthevastnumberofdevelopingcountriesandinternationaljusticeforcesindevelopingthepurposesandprinciplesoftheCharteroftheuntiedNations.(FromTheProgressofHumanRights)这不仅是中国的胜利，也是广阔开展中国家和国际正义力量维护《联合国宪章》宗旨和原那么的胜利。〔国务院新闻办公室《中国人权事业的进展》1995〕政经词汇形象确指意义〔汉语形象表达的实指意义〕开展才是硬道理。 Developmentisthemostessentialcriterion/absoluteprinciple.坚持两手抓，两手都要硬的方针。 Inadherencetotheprincipleofplacingequalemphasisonmaterialprogressandethicalprogress,withneitheraspectsneglected.抓大放小 Tomanagewelllargeenterprisesandadoptflexiblepolicytowardthesmallerones.人民的生活水平将上一个大的台阶。 People’slivingstandardswillyieldsubstantialprogress.

引申意义〔文化背景和表达习俗〕民办教师转正 convertingthestatusofcommunitysponsoredteacherstothatofregularteacher打黄扫非 wipeoutpornographicpublicationsandcrackdownonillegalpublicationpractices咫尺天涯，竟成海天之遥。南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六载。幼时同胞，苏京把晤。往事历历在目。惟常年未通音讯，此诚憾事，近闻政躬违和，深为悬念。又过七旬，多有病痛，至盼善自珍摄。〔廖承志1982年7月致蒋经国公开信〕文言文的翻译首先，弄清文言虚词的意义和用法，分清文言文与白话文在句法结构上的差异，正确理解原文；再现原文的风格与神韵咫尺天涯，竟成海天之遥。南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六载。幼时同胞，苏京把晤。往事历历在目。Nooneeverexpectedthatastripofwatershouldhavebecomesovastadistance.Itisnow36yearssinceourbriefrendezvousinNanjing.FromourchildhoodfriendshiptoourchatsintheSovietcapital,everythinginthepastisstillaliveinmymemory.惟常年未通音讯，此诚憾事，近闻政躬违和，深为悬念。又过七旬，多有病痛，至盼善自珍摄。〔廖承志1982年7月致蒋经国公开信〕Butit’sunfortunatethatwehaven’theardfromeachotherforsomanyyears.RecentlyIwastoldthatyouaresomewhatindisposedandthishascausedmemuchconcern.Menintheir70sareoftenafflictedwithillness.Isincerelyhopethatyouwilltakegoodcareofyourself.(新华社英译电讯稿)Whowouldhaveexpectedthattheshortdistancebetweenusshouldbekeepinguspolesapart!Itisnowmorethan36yearssinceourbriefencounterinNanjing.ThedayswespenttogetherinchildhoodaswellaslaterintheSovietcapital,however,areasfreshaseverinmymemory.Butit’sapityindeedthatwehaven’theardfromeachotherforsomanyyears.Recentlyitfilledmewithconcerntolearnofyourindisposition.Menagedover70areliabletoillness.Idohopeyouwilltakecareofyourself.(Tr.ZhangPeiji)汉译英时事政经词汇提高综合国力小康水平推进政府机构改革国家公务员制度纠正行业不正之风就业前和在职培训分流下岗人员争取再就业科教兴国战略“菜篮子〞工程促进住房商品化取消福利分房技术〔劳动、资本、知识〕密集型产业改进产业结构和产品结构开展新兴产业和高技术产业技术更新〔改造〕亏损企业扭亏为盈改善出口商品结构增强市场竞争力贪污受贿大案索贿受贿权钱交易整顿音像工作西部大开发战略加速国民经济信息化进程积极推进经济体制深层次改革扩大国内需求拉动经济增长劣质工程全民健身运动 汉译英时事政经词汇提高综合国力 improvetheoverallnationalstrength(theoverallstrengthofthecountry)小康水平 thelivingstandardsofafairlycomfortablelife;arelativelycomfortablestandardofliving推进政府机构改革 restructuregovernmentinstitutions国家公务员制度 thesystemofpublicservices纠正行业不正之风 rectifymalpracticeinvarioustrades就业前和在职培训 pre-employmentandon-the-job(in-service)training分流下岗人员争取再就业 redirectlaid-offworkersforre-employment脱贫致富 cast(shake,throw)offpovertyandsetoutonaroadtoprosperity科教兴国战略 thestrategyofrevitalizing(invigorating)Chinathroughscienceandeducation与国际接轨 begearedtointernationalstandards;bebroughtinlinewithinternationalpractice(norms)“菜篮子〞工程 the“shoppingbasket〞project(programme)促进住房商品化promotethecommercializationofhousing取消福利分房abolishthewelfare-orienteddistribution(allocation)ofpublichousing技术〔劳动、资本、知识〕密集型产业technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensiveindustries股份合作制thejointstockcooperativesystem支持强强合作，实现优势互补supportassociationbetweenstrongenterprisessothattheycantakeadvantageofeachother’sstrengths改进产业结构和产品结构improvetheindustrialpatternandproductmix开展新兴产业和高技术产业developrisingandhigh-techindustries政企分开separateadministrativefunctionsfromenterprisemanagement;separateadministrationfrommanagement技术更新〔改造〕technologicalupdating/renovation亏损企业money-losing(debt-ridden,loss-making,unprofitable)enterprises;enterprisesthatoperateataloss扭亏为盈turnlossesintoprofits改善出口商品结构improvetheexportproductmix增强市场竞争力enhanceone’smarketcompetitiveness反腐败斗争thefightagainstcorruption;ananti-corruptioncampaign推进廉政建设promoteacleangovernment贪污受贿大案majorgraft(embezzlement)andbriberycases索贿受贿solicitandacceptbribes权钱交易strikedealsbetweenpowerandmoney整顿音像工作straightenoutirregularitiesintheaudiovisualindustry西部大开发战略thegrandstrategyforthedevelopmentofChina’swest“develop-the-west〞strategy加速国民经济信息化进程toacceleratethetransformationofthenationaleconomythroughIT;toacceleratetheprocesstoaninformation-basedeconomy积极推进经济体制深层次改革topressonwiththein-depth/deep-goingreformoftheeconomicstructure扩大国内需求theexpansionofdomesticdemand拉动经济增长fueleconomicgrowth劣质工程shoddyengineering全民健身运动nationwidefitnessprogramsExercise深入开展严厉打击走私和骗汇、逃汇、套汇的斗争。…andsteppedupoureffortstocrackdownonsmugglingandotherillegalpracticessuchasobtainingforeigncurrencyunderfalsepretenses,notturningoverforeigncurrencyowedtothegovernmentandillegalarbitrage.开展是硬道理，中国解决所有问题的关键在于依靠自己的开展。Developmentistheabsoluteprinciple.ThekeytothesolutionofallChina’sproblemsliesinourowndevelopment.推行政企分开，健全监管制度，整顿和加强企业领导班子。Weshouldpromotetheseparationofthefunctionsofthegovernmentfromthoseoftheenterprises,improvethesupervisorysystemandconsolidateandimprovetheleadershipofenterprises.加快重大技术装备国产化和高新技术产业化的进程。…speeduptheprocessofusingdomestically-producedkeyequipmentinplaceofimportsandtheapplicationofhighandnewtechnologytoproduction.廉政建设和反腐败斗争取得新进展。Freshprogresswasmadeintheefforttobuildcleanandhonestgovernmentandinthestruggle/fightagainstcorruption.认真开展讲学习、讲政治、讲正气的“三讲〞教育。weshouldcarryouttheactivitiesdesignedtoteachtheneedtostudy,tobepolitically-mindedandtobehonestandupright.要注意向中西部地区倾斜，推动中西部地区经济的开展。wemustpaymoreattentiontothecentralandwesternregionssoastopromotetheireconomicdevelopment.要坚持德才兼备原那么，选拔政治素质高、经营管理能力强、公正廉洁的优秀人才担任企业领导。Adheringtoaprincipleofchoosingpersonnelwithbothpoliticalintegrityandprofessionalcompetence,weshouldappointasleadersofenterprisescompetentpeoplewithahighdegreeofpoliticalintegritywhoarecapableintheareasofoperationandmanagementandwhoarefairandhonest.新的经济体制，应该是有利于技术进步的体制。新的科技体制，应该是有利于经济开展的体制。双管齐下，长期存在的科技与经济脱节的问题，有可能得到比较好的解决。Theneweconomicstructureshouldpromotetechnologicalprogress,andthenewscienceandtechnologymanagementsystemshouldpromoteeconomicdevelopment.Whenbothreformsarecarriedout,weshallperhapsbeabletosolvethelong-standingproblemoftheseparationbetweenscienceandtechnologyandtheeconomy.农副产品的增加，农村市场的扩大，农村剩余劳动力的转移，有强有力地推动了工业的开展。Theincreaseoffarmandsidelineproducts,theexpansionofruralmarketsandtheshiftofsurplusfarmlabortorural