2024年职称英语-职称英语(综合类)笔试历年全考点试卷附带答案

2024年职称英语-职称英语(综合类)笔试历年全考点试卷附带答案卷I一.单项选择题(共10题)1.Theirstyleofplayingfootballis→utterly←different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally正确答案：D,2.

Hitchhiking（搭车旅游）

When

Iwasinmyteens（十几岁）and20s，hitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Thekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers______________(51)mealloverEurope,NorthAmerica，AsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecameMends，manyprovidedhospitality→

←(52)theroad.

Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan________(53)travelingbytrainorplane,butalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto_________(54)?

Afewyearsago，Iaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.______(55)ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.

"Ifthereisahitchhiker's______________(56)itmustbeIran，"cameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasaMendlypLaceforhitchhiking，(57)wasQuebec，Canada—“ifyoudon’tmindbeingberated（严厉指责）fornotspeakingFrench.”

Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworld,the→

←

(58)feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed(消力),Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeinthemedia，peopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe→

←(59)tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealift?

InPotandinthe1960s，___________(60)aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedme，"theauthoritiesintroducedtheHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordrivers，soeachtimeadriver_____________(61)somebody，heorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason，_____________(62)whohadpickedupthemo合thikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.”

Surelythisisagoodideaforsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown_____________(63)betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight→

←_____(64)warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant_____________(65)ingeography，history，politicsandsociology.A.passengersB.hikersC.driversD.strangers正确答案：C,3.AlargecrowdassembledoutsidetheAmericanembassy.A.

watched

B.

shouted

C.

walked

D.gathered正确答案：D,4.SexChangeSurgeryGuidelinesDrafted Chinaissettoissueitsfirstclinicalguidelineonsex-changesurgery,accordingtoanoticeputonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofHealthyesterday.Theministryisnowsoliciting(征求）publicandprofessional（）(51)onthedraftguideline.Thecomingguidelineaimstoregulateandstandardizesexreassignmenlsurgery. Experts（）(52)nearly2,000Chinesehaveundergonesex-changesurgerywhile100,000to400,000arestillconsideringit.However,noofficialnumberisavailable.Inthedraft,theMOHsetsminimum（）(53)forbothsurgicalcandidatesandmedicalinstitutions. Candidatesforthesurgerymustbeolderthan20andsingle,thedraftguidelinesaid.Theyarealsorequiredtoproveapersistent（）(54)forasexchange,toliveforatleastfiveconsecutiveyearsfull-timeinthenewgenderrole,andtoengageinmentaltherapyforatleastoneyear. Beforesurgerycantakeplace,acandidatemustreceivearecommendationfortheoperationfroma（）(55)afteranappropriateseriesoftherapysessions.Also,severallegalrequirementsmustbemet（）(56)theprocedure.Thecandidatemustprovideprooffrompolicethatheorshedoesnothaveanycriminal（）(57)inthepast.Policemustalsoagreetochangethesexstatusontheidentitycardofthe prospective(未来的）receiverbeforethe（）(58)cantakeplace. Theadvent(出现）ofsuchaguidelineisbelievedtoshowthatthegovernmentisconcerned（）(59)theneedsofarelativelysmallnumberofpeoplewhowanttochangesex.Butdoctorsalsowarn（）(60)allstakeholders,includingthehospitalandprospectivereceivers,shouldbehighlycautiousaboutthissurgery. Theoperationismorethanamedical（）(61)duetoitshugesocialandlegalconsequences.Doctorsshouldmakeitcleartothose（）(62)sex-changesurgeriesthattheoptionalwaysremainstocontinuetoliveintheoriginalrole.Theguideline（）(63)surgeonstotellpatientsaboutotheroptionssuchashormonetherapy.Theyarealsorequiredtoexplainthe（）(64)involved,andunderlyingsocialbarriersincludingdiscrimination,andadministrativerecognitionandapproval. Forthecandidates,thesurgeryitselfisnotthe（）(65)issueinthelongrun.Therealissueisthekindoflifeheorshewillhavetoleadafterward.A.beforeB.afterC.underD.during正确答案：A,5.YouthEmancipationinSpainTheSpanishGovemmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'sstate-runInstituteofYouth.Tocoax(劝诱)youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"YouthEmancipation(解放)"programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.Economistsblameyoungpeople'sfamilydependenceontheprecarious(不稳定的)labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists(社会学家).FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece--arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:KeyforUnderstanding"."Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"saidMinguez.InSpain,especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews(外侄/侄子)alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.Parents'toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules."Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.Mothers'willingnesstodochildren'shouseholdchores(家务)worsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood."Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim:intheend,heliveswell."Massosaid.Youngpeople'sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT（）A.parents'tolerance.B.housingproblems.C.culturaltraditions.D.unwillingnesstogetmarried.正确答案：D,6.At80,Peckwasstill→vigorous←andlivinginParis.（）A.energeticB.happyC.aloneD.busy正确答案：A,7.ThingstoKnowabouttheU.K.1FromBuckinghamPalacetoOxford，theU.K.isloadedwithwonderfulicons（标志）ofpasteras.Butithasalsomodernizedwithconfidence.It’snowbetterknownforvibrant（充满活力的）citieswithgreatnightlifeandattraction.Fashions,finedining，clubbing，shopping—theU.K.isamongtheworld’sbest.2MostpeoplehavestrongpreconceptionsabouttheBritish.Butifyou’reoneofthesepeople,you’dbewisetoabandonthoseideas.Visitanightclubinoneofthebigcities，afootballmatch，oragoodlocalpubandyoumightmorereadilydescribetheEnglishpeopleashumorousandhospitable.It’scertainlytruethatnoothercountryintheworldhasmorebird-watchers，sportssupporters，petownersandgardenersthantheU.K.3GettingaroundEnglandisprettyeasy.Budget（廉价的）airlineslikeEasyJETandRynnairflydomestically.Trainscandeliveryouveryefficientlyfromonemajorcitytoanother.Longdistanceexpressbusesarecalledcoaches.Wherecoachesandbusesrunonthesameroute，coachesaremoreexpensive(thoughquicker)thanbuses.London’sfamousblackcabsareexcellentbutexpensive.Minicabsarecheapercompetitors，withfreelance（个体的）drivers.Butusuallyyouneedtogiveacallfirst.London’sundergroundiscalledtheTube.It’sveryconvenientandcangetyoutoalmostanypartofthecity.4TheU.K.isnotfamousforitsfood.ButyoustillneedtoknowsomeofthetraditionalEnglishfoods.Themostfamousmustbefishandchips.Thefishandchipsaredeepfriedinflour.Englishbreakfastissomethingyouneedtotry.Itisfriedbacon，sausages，friedeggs，blackpudding，friedtomatoes，friedbreadandbakedbeans，withtoastandapotoftea.Otherthingslikeshepherd’spieandYorkshirepuddingarealsowelt-knownasapartofEnglishfoodculture.5PubbingandclubbingarethemainformsofEnglishnightlife，especiallyfortheyoung.Pubbingmeansgoingtoapubwithfriends，havingdrinks，andchatting.Clubbingisdifferentfrompubbingandincludesgoingtoapub，oraplaceofmusic，orabar，oranyotherplacestogatherwithMends.Clubbingcanbefoundeverywhere.Usuallythereissomekindofdresscodeforclubbing，suchasnojeans，nosportswear,orsmartclubwear，whilepubbingismuchmorecasual.Fishandchipsare→.←A.fasterbutmoreexpensivethanbusesB.bothancientandmodernC.humorousandhospitableD.cheapandefficientE.traditionalandfamousF.cleverandhardworking正确答案：E,8.

DNATesting

DNAtestingrevealsthegenesofeachindividualperson.Sincetheearlytwentiethcentury,scientistshaveknownthatallhumancharacteristicsarecontainedinaperson’sgenesandarepassedfromparentstochildren.Genesworkasachemicalinstructionmanualforeachpartandeachfunctionofthebody.TheirbasicchemicalelementiscalledDNA,acopyofwhichcanbefoundineverycell.TheexistenceofgenesandthechemicalstructureofDNAwereunderstoodbythemid-1900s,butscientistshaveonlyrecentlybeenabletoidentifyapersonfromjustadropofbloodorasinglehair.

OneofthemostimportantusesofDNAtestingisincriminalinvestigation.TheveryfirstuseofDNAtestinginacriminalcasewasin1985inGreatBritain,whenamanconfessedtokillingayoungwomanintheEnglishcountryside.Becausepolicehadfoundsamplesofthekiller’sDNAatthesceneofthecrime,abiologistsuggestedthatitmightbepossibletocomparethatDNAtosomefromtheconfessor’sblood.Toeveryone’ssurprise,thetestsshowedthathewasnotthekiller.Norwasheguiltyofasimilarmurderthathadhappenedsometimeearlier.Atthatpointheadmittedthathehadconfessedtothecrimesoutoffearandpolicepressure.Thepolicethenasked5,000localmenforsamplesoftheirblood,andDNAtestingrevealedthatoneofthemwastherealmurderer,sothefirstmanwassetfree.

In1992,twolawprofessors,PeterNeufeldandBarryScheck,decidedtouseDNAevidencetohelpsetfreesuchmistakenlyconvictedprisoners.Withthehelpoftheirstudents,theycreatedanot-for-profitorganizationcalledtheInnocenceProject.Mostoftheirclientsarepoormen,manyfromracialandethnicminorities.Infact,studieshaveshownthatU.S.judgesandjuriesareofteninfluencedbyracialandethnicbackground,andthatpeoplefromminoritygroupsaremorelikelytobeconvicted.Someofthesemenhadbeensentencedtodeath,aformofpunishmentusedinthirty-eightstatesoutoffifty(asof2006).Formostoftheseprisoners,theironlyhopewasanothertrialinwhichDNAtestingcouldbeusedtoprovetheirinnocence.

Between1992and2006,theInnocenceProjecthelpedfree100men.Someoftheseprisonershadbeeninjailforten,twentyyearsormoreforcrimestheydidnotcommit.However,thegoaloftheInnocenceProjectisnotsimplytosetfreethosewhoarewrongfullyinjail.Theyalsohopetobringaboutrealchangesinthecriminaljusticesystem.InIllinoisinthelate1990s,agroupofjournalismstudentsatNorthwesternUniversitywereabletobringaboutsuchachangeinthatstate.TheybeganinvestigatingsomeIllinoisprisonerswhoclaimedtobeinnocent.ThroughDNAtesting,thestudentswereabletoprovethatinfacttheprisonerswerenotguiltyothecrimestheyhadbeenaccusedof.Thirteenofthesemenweresetfree,andin2000,GovernorRyanofIllinoisdecidedtocases.

TheuseofDNAincriminalcasesisstillbeingdebatedaroundtheworld.Somefearthatgovernmentswillonedaykeeprecordsofeveryone’sDNA,whichcouldputlimitsontheprivacyandfreedomofcitizens.OtherpeoplemistrustthescienceofDNAtestingandthinkthatlawyersuseittogettheirclientsfreewhetherornottheyareguilty.Butforthosewhoseinnocencehasbeenprovenandwhoarenowfreemen,DNAtestinghasmeantnothinglessthanareturntolife.AndwiththecarefuluseofDNAtesting,noinnocentpersonshouldeverbeconvictedagain.SomestudentsinNorthwesternUniversity→

←. AprovedsomeprisonerswerenotguiltyBbelievedsomesuspectswerefromethnicgroupsCtoldthegovernorofIllinoisnottofreetheprisonersDshowedDNAtestingwasnotalwaysreliable正确答案：A,9.CitizenScientistsUnderstandinghownaturerespondstoclimatechangewillrequiremonitoringkeylifecycleevent--flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespring--allaroundtheworld.Butecologistscan'tbeeverywheresothey'returningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientistsforhelp.ClimateScientistsarenotpresenteverywhere.Becausetherearesomanyplacesintheworldandnotenoughscientists,toobserveallofthem,they'reaskingforyourhelpinobservingsignsofclimatechangeacrosstheworld.Thecitizenscientistmovementencouragesordinarypeopletoobserveaveryspecificresearchinterest-birds,trees,flowersbudding,etc.andsendtheirobservationstoagiantdatabasetobeobservedbyprofessionalscientists.Thishelpsasmallnumberofscientiststrackalargeamountofdatathattheywouldneverbeabletogatherontheirown.Muchlikecitizenjournalistshelpinglargepublicationscoverahyper-localbeat,citizenscientistsarereadyfortheconditionswheretheylive.Allthat'sneededtobecomeoneisafewminuteseachdayoreachweektogatherdataandsenditin.AgroupofscientistsandeducatorslaunchedanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenologyNetwork."Phenology"iswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature.Oneofthegroup'sfirsteffortsreliesonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.Peopleparticipatingintheprojectwhichisopentoeveryone--recordtheirobservationsontheProjectBudBurstwebsite."Peopledon'thavetobeplantexperts--theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat'sintheirneighborhood,"saysJenniferSchwartz,aneducationconsultantwiththeproject."Aswecollectthisdata,we'llbeabletomakeanestimateofh0wplantsandcommunitiesofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges."WhatisNOTtrueofProjectBudBurst?（）A.Onlyexpertscanparticipateinit.B.Everybodycanparticipateinit.C.Itcollectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplants.D.Ithasitsownwebsite.正确答案：A,10.IstheTieaNecessity?(真题)Ties,orneckties,havebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.So,arethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties?Maybe.Lastweek,theUK'sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecosdiest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.Infact,Blairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities(知名人士)withoutties,whichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritish,thetieisamustforproperappearance.Earlier,LaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghau,thetiewasasignofbeingcomplete,ofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurch,toworkintheoffice,toaparty---almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttoday,peoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplya"band".Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman'sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear(颈饰)impressedCharlesII,thekingofEnglandwhowasexiled(流放)toFranceatthattime.WhenheretnmedtoEnglandin1660,hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn't,however,untilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorful,flowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Then,clubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer'smembershipinthelate19thcentury.Afterthat,thetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgendemen.Butnow,evengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anyway,thedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.WhobroughttheFrenchmen'sneckweartoBritain?（）A.TonyBlair.B.CharlesII.C.JimCallaghan.D.AndrewTurnbull.正确答案：B,二.不定项选择题(共2题)1.2.The

Fire

A

couple,

John

and

Mary,

had

two

lovely

children.

John

had

just

been

asked

to

go

on

a

business

trip

and

would

be

gone

for

several

days.

Mary

would

go

along

too.

They

hired

a

reliable

woman

to

care

for

the

children

and

made

the

trip,

returning

home

a

little

earlier

than

they

had

planned.

As

they

drove

into

their

home

town

feeling

glad

to

be

back,

they

noticed

smoke,

and

they

went

off

their

usual

route

to

see

what

it

was.

They

found

a

home

in

flames.

Mary

said,

"Oh

well

it

isn't

our

fire,

let's

go

home."

But

John

drove

closer

and

exclaimed,

"That

home

belongs

to

Fred

Jones

who

works

at

the

plant.

He

wouldn't

be

off

work

yet,

maybe

there

is

something

we

could

do."

"It

has

nothing

to

do

with

us."

protested

Mary.

But

John

drove

up

and

stopped

and

they

were

both

horror-stricken

to

see

the

whole

house

in

flames.

A

woman

on

the

lawn

was

in

hysterics

screaming,

"The

children!

Get

the

children!"

John

grabbed

her

by

the

shoulder

saying,

"Get

a

hold

of

yourself

and

tellus

where

the

children

are!

In

the

basement,"

sobbed

the

woman,

"down

the

hall

and

to

the

left."

In

spite

of

Mary'

s

protests

John

bolted

for

the

basement

which

was

full

of

smoke

and

scorching

hot.

He

found

the

door

and

two

children.

As

he

left

he

could

hear

some

more

whimpering.

He

delivered

the

two

badly

frightened

and

nearly

suffocated

children

into

waiting

arms

and

started

back.asking

how

many

more

children

were

down

there.

They

told

him

two

more

and

Mary

grabbed

his

arm

and

screamed,

"John!

Don't

go

back!

It's

suicide!

That

house

will

cave

in

any

second!"

But

he

raft

into

the

smoke

filled

hallway

and

into

the

room.

At

last

he

found

both

children.

As

he

stumbled

up

the

endless

steps

the

thought

went

through

his

mind

that

there

was

something

strangely

familiar

about

the

little

bodies

clinging

to

him,

and

at

last

when

they

came

out

into

the

sunlight

and

fresh

air,

he

found

that

he

had

just

rescued

his

own

children.

The

baby-sitter

had

left

them

at

this

home

while

she

did

some

shopping...John

recognized

his

children

when

he

rushed

into

the

basement

on

fire.（）A.RightB.WrongC.Not

mentioned正确答案：B,三.填空题(共3题)1.McGrady's

Spectacular

Art1

When

Tracy

McGrady

is

healthy,

his

play

can

be

so

beautiful

that

even

his

own

teammates

on

the

court

cannot

help

but

admire

it

--

in

the

middle

of

a

game.2

"It's

hard

for

me,

because

I'm

a

fan

of

basketball,

"Houston

point

guard

(组织后卫)

Rafer

Alston

told

The

Houston

Chronicle

(记事)

newspaper

after

McGrady's

44-point

performance

against

Utah

on

January

5.

"When

he's

shooting

the

ball

like

that,

a

lot

of

times

I'm

standing

there

watching

and,

all

of

a

sudden,

the

other

team's

getting

the

ball

and

going

on

a

fast

break

(快攻),

and

I'm

getting

yelled

at

by

the

coach."

Indeed,

McGrady's

body

control,

his

energy,

his

shooting-

watching

these

is

like

watching

an

artist

at

work,

blending

colors,

constructing

sentences,

or

playing

music.3

Unfortunately,

McGrady,

27,

hasn't

always

been

on

the

job.

Already

this

season,

he's

missed

seven

games

with

back

spasms

(痉挛)

.

After

Yao

Ming

was

injured

on

Dec.

23,

it

appeared

Houston

would

be

without

both

of

its

stars.

McGrady,

however,

retumed

three

days

later

and

has

been

playing

Well

ever

since,

scoring

more

than

30

points

in

each

of

the

last

six

games,

',as

of

Tuesday.

Houston

can't

seem

to

get

on

without

him.

When

McGrady

was

injured,

the

Rockets

won

two"

and

lost

five.4

"Listen,

there

are

only

four

or

five

people

on

the

entire

planet

that

can

do

the

thing

he

can

do

with

the

basketball,

"

forward

Shane

Batter

said

of

McGrady.

"From

a

fan's

perspective--

and

we're

fans

even

though

we're

players

--

it's

really

fun

to

watch

him

do

that.

From

a

player's

perspective,

his

game

(风格)

can

affect

the

entire

team.

No

question!

We

see

him,

and

we

get

excited,

and

that

pumps

us

up.He

keeps

making

shots,

and

suddenly

it

seems

to

become

easier

for

everybody."5

But

it

won't,

really.

Houston

has

just

begun

a

tough

time.

Four

of

the

next

seven

games

will

be

played

away

from

Houston.

Six

of

the

games

will

be

against

teams

with

winning

records.Opponents

will

double-team

(双人看守)

McGrady

in

an

attempt

to

dull

the

impact

of

his

art

Instead

of

watching,

McGrady's

teammates

will

need

to

create

a

little

art

of

their

own.(1)

Paragraph

2

（）

(2)

Paragtaph

3

（）

(3)

Paragraph

4

（）

(4)

Paragraph

5

（）

A.

Necessity

for

the

Teammates

to

Improve

Their

Own

Skills

B.

Evaluation

from

Two

Different

Perspectives

C.

Spectacular

Performance

on

the

Court

D.正确答案：C，D，B，A，2.Money

or

Friendship

or

Both1

Friends

and

money

don't

mix.

It's

a

dangerous

combination

since

a

fight

over

money

is

one

of

the

fastest

ways

to

end

a

friendship.

But

what

if

a

friend

asks

you

to

lend

him

or

her

some

money?If

you

don't

lend

your

friend

the

money,

you

risk

losing

the

friend.

If

you

do

lend

your

friend

the

money,

you

risk

losing

both

the

friendship

and

your

money.2

We

have

to

face

facts,

so

here

are

some

situations

you

might

run

across

with

your

buddies

(伙伴)--

and

some

helpful

tips

(忠告)

on

how

to

deal

with

them.

Think

about

why

this

person

needs

to

borrow

in

the

first

place.

If

he

is

always

living

beyond

his

means,

it's

his

fault,

not

yours,

Any

sensible

person

would

not

put

himself

in

a

position

of

debt

so

often.

So

simply

say

"no"

to

this

friend.

Even

if

your

friend

really

needs

that

money

for

emergency

use

and

you

are

willing

to

help

him,

before

you

dive

into

your

pocket,

follow

this

reality

check:

Do

you

have

the

extra

money?

Are

you

sure

you

don't

need

it?

Are

you

willing

to

write

off

that

amount

if

it's

not

returned?

If

your

answers

are

negative,

do

yourself

a

favor

and

say

"no".3

Let's

assume

you

can't

stand

saying

"no"

to

your

friend

because

you

don't

want

him

living

off

cat

food.

What

do

you

do?

Write

down

these

details

on

a

sheet

of

paper

before

opening

up

your

wallet:amount

of

the

loan;date

of

the

loan;time

of

repayment;amount

of

interest

(if

any);lender's

and

borrower's

signature.This

will

at

least

keep

the

borrower

from

forgetting

the

loan

so

easily.

If

your

friend's

loan

is

past

due,

it's

important

that

you

ask

him

--

and

it's

actually

not

rude.

The

longer

you

wait,

the

more

you

brood

(忧伤)

,

and

the

more

your

resentment

builds.4

You

can

send

him

a

friendly

reminder

via

E-mail.

Tell

him

something

like

"I'm

going

over

my

bank

account

and

I'm

just

wondering

when

we'll

be

able

to

settle

that

money

thing."

E-mail

saves

you

from

an

uncomfortable

face-to-face

confrontation.

There

is

almost

no

chance

of

turning

a

bad

reaction

into

an

argument.

Unlike

a

public

conversation,

an

e-mail

message

will

always

be

private.5

After

asking

two

or

three

times,

you

might

have

to

write

it

off

and

the

friendship

with

it.

That's

what

happens.

If

he

just

doesn't

have

the

money

or

is

unwilling,

then

what

kind

of

friend

is

that?(1)

Paragraph

2

（）

(2)

Paragraph

3

（）

(3)

Paragraph

4

（）

(4)

Paragraph

5

（）

A.

Time

to

Break

off

a

Friendship

B.

Unconditional

Assistance

to

Friends

in

Need

C.

Things

to

Consider

When

You

Have

to

Say

"No"

to

Your

Friend

D.正确答案：C，D，F，A，3.

A

New

Citizenship

Test

1

Last

week

a

sample

of

the

new

U.S.

citizenship

(公民身份)

exam

was

released

by

the

U.S.

Citizenship

and

Immigration

Services

(U.S.--CLS).

It

will

be

tried

out

in

10

cities

early

next

year

to

replace

the

current

test

in

2008.

Instead

of

asking

how

many

stripes

the

U.S.

flag

has,

as

the

current

test

does,

the

new

one

asks

why

there

are

13

stripes.

Instead

of

having

to

name

the

branches

of

government,

an

applicant

is

asked

to

explain

why

there

are

three.

2

"The

goal

is

to

make

it

more

meaningful."

explains

Emilio

Gonzalez,

director

of

the

U.S.--CIS.

Immigrants

who

pass

it

are

expected

to

have

a

better

"understanding

and

respect"

for

U.S.

civic

(公民的)

values,

Gonzalez

says.

3

The

U.S.

isn't

the

only

country

dealing

with

citizenship

tests

that

aim

to

get

a

"

shared

commitment"

from

immigrants

for

their

adopted

country's

"values".

In

recent

years,

in

addition

to

the

usual

requirement

of

language/

work

skills

and

economic

status--several

European

countries

have

adopted

citizenship

tests.

Britain

introduced

a

new

citizenship

test

last

November.

In

March,

a

new

Dutch

law

took

effect

requiring

all

would-be

immigrants

to

take

a

citizenship

test.

It

involved

watching

a

video

showing

nude

(裸体的)

women

bathing

at

beaches

and

gay

(同性恋的)

men

kissing

in

public.

The

aim

was

to

ensure

that

"newcomers

will

be

comfortable

with

the

country'

s

liberal

social

mores

(风俗)

"

4

Europe

has

been

known

for

welcoming

immigrants

for

decades.

But,

today,

the

fact

is

that

some

immigrants

are

kept

apart

from

local

citizens

by

culture

and

they

become

hostile

to

each

othe