高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists课时作业 新人教版必修5试题

Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.阅读理解A体裁：说明文话题：科技词数：299时间：6′Plasticisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicaldiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.However，Germanscientistsarecertainthatthismaterialmaysoonbereplaced.Thenewdevelopment—liquidwood—canreplaceplasticsinallbranchesofmodernindustries.Plasticasamaterialenjoysthebiggestdemandinthemodernworld，butitdoeshaveanumberofdisadvantages.First，plasticisnotrecyclable.Second，itcontainspoisonsthatcancausecancer.Finally，plasticismadeofoil，whichisnotendless.Theliquidwoodtechnologyisabletoreplaceplasticandprovidingmankindwithnewmaterialsformanyyearsahead.Arboformisanewmaterial，whichcanbegotfromsofttissues(组织)ofwood.Oncemixedwithseveralotheringredients(成分)，itturnsintosolidandnon－poisonousmaterial.Thewood－workingindustryseparateswoodintothreebasicthingsincludinglignin(木质素)，whichisnotusedfortheproductionofpaper.SpecialistsoftheFaunhoferInstitutemixedligninwithseveralnaturalmaterialsandthusinventedthematerialwhichcouldbemeltedandmoulded(铸造)．Whensolidarboformlookslikeplasticandpossessesthequalitiesofwood，itcanbeusedfortheproductionofanyitems.Arboformisalreadyusedfortheproductionofcarparts.However，thenewinventiondoesnotenjoyawideuseduetothehighcontentofsulphur(硫)init.Germanresearchersbelievethattheywillbeabletoreducetheamountofsulphurby90percentverysoontomakearboformusableforhomeneeds.Inaddition，liquidwoodcanberecycledrepeatedly.Theanalysisofarboformshowedthatthematerialhadallofitsqualitiesevenifitwasreprocessedtentimes.【语篇解读】尽管塑料是20世纪最重要的科技发明之一，但德国科学家确信它很快就会被一种新型原料所代替，你知道这种原料是什么吗？1．Fromthepassagewelearnthatliquidwood________． A．hasreplacedplastic B．ismadefromnaturaloil C．hasbeenwidelyusedinhousehold D．canberecycledrepeatedly 答案D[细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句liquidwoodcanberecycledrepeatedly可知D项正确。]2．ItcanbeconcludedthatGermanresearcherswillfocustheirfutureworkfirstlyonthe________． A．material'swideuse B．contentofsulphurinarboform C．productioncostofarboform D．qualitiesofliquidwood 答案B[根据文章倒数第二段可知，如果用liquidwood代替塑料，科学家首先考虑的是应该如何去除liquidwood里面高含量的硫。]3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue? A．Lignincontainspoisonsthatcancausecancer. B．Plasticdoesharmtooursocietyinmanyways. C．Theliquidwoodhelpstoprotectourenvironment D．Arboformisn'tusableforhomeneedatpresent. 答案A[细节理解题。文章中没有介绍木质素有致癌的毒素。]4．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe________． A．PlasticHasaNumberofDisadvantages B．ANewMaterial—Plastic C．LiquidWoodtoReplacePlastic D．HowtoProtectArboform 答案C[主旨大意题。本文主要说明了一种新型材料liquidwood将会代替塑料，所以C可作文章的标题。]B体裁：记叙文话题：人物与事件词数：305时间：6′ChrisThomasusedtothinkofFacebookasjustaplatformtogetintouchwithhisfriends.Henowbelievesthesocialnetworkingservicewithsavinghislife.The28－year－oldwasdiagnosedwithmusculardystrophy(肌肉萎缩症)nineyearsagoandhasreliedonawheelchaireversince.OnJuly15，2015，Thomaswasgettingreadyforbedinhisapartment，whenashelving(架子)fellontohiswheelchairandknockedhimover，causinghimtofallandhitthebackofhishead.Afterwakingupfromafewminutesofcoma(昏迷)，herealizedhecouldn'treachthestringusedtogetthedoorkeeper'sattention.HisphonewasnearbyandhadtheFacebookapplicationconvenientlyopen，sohepostedastatusupdatethatimmediatelygothisfriendsworried—evensomehehadn'tspokentoinyears.“Itwasamazing，friendsfromsixdifferentstateswhodidn'tknoweachotherwereconnectingwitheachothertogetmehelp，”Thomassaid.“Nowthat'sthepowerofsocialmedia!Youhavehundredsofpeopleatyourfingertips.”Eightminutesafterthestatuswentup，anoldfriend，Leah，gotincontactwithThomas'friendBrad，whosewifewasintheneighborhood，andbeforeyouknewittherewere12Facebookfriendsinhisapartment，whotookhimtothehospitalatonce.Theyshoweduptotherescueattheperfecttime.Minutesbeforetheyarrived，Thomasthoughthewasgoingtohaveapanicattack，whichheoftensuffersfrombecauseofhisillness，buthe'sdoingbetternow.“Itfeltgoodtoknowthatmyfriends，eventhoseIhaven'tspokentointhepast，cametosaveme，”Thomassaid.“Theyallcametogether.Iwould'veneverimaginedit.”5．WhatdidChrisThomasdowithFacebookinthepast? A．Tosellhisproductsonline. B．Toseektreatmentforhisillness. C．Tocommunicatewithhisfriends. D．Toofferhelptoothers. 答案C[细节理解题。根据短文第一段第一句ChrisThomasusedtothinkofFacebookasjustaplatformtogetintouchwithfriends.可知，在过去ChrisThomas用Facebook与朋友们交流。故选C。]6．WhathappenedtoChrisThomasonJuly15，2015? A．Hebecameseriouslyill. B．Hefelltotheground. C．Hefelloffashelving. D．Hewashitbyaashelving. 答案B[细节理解题。根据短文第二段中的whenashelving(架子)fellontohiswheelchairandknockedhimover，causinghimtofallandhitthebackofhishead.可知，在轮椅受到架子的撞击后，ChrisThomas倒在地上并且头着地。故选项B正确。]7．WhatdidChrisThomasdotocausehisfriends'attention? A．Hepostedastatusupdate. B．Hetelephonedthem. C．Heshoutedloudly. D．Hehitthedoorheavily. 答案A[细节理解题。根据短文内容可知，ChrisThomas在摔倒后不能引起看门人的注意，他就在Facebook发了一个状态更新，以便引起朋友们的注意。故选A。]8．Whenseeingthestatusupdate，ChrisThomas'Facebookfriends________． A．connectedwitheachothertoofferhelp B．cametohisapartmentatonce C．gavehimsomepracticaladvice D．tookhimtohospitalimmediately 答案A[细节理解题。根据短文第三段中的friendsfromsixdifferentstateswhodidn'tknoweachotherwereconnectingwitheachothertogetmehelp可知，看到ChrisThomas发的状态更新后，脸谱网的朋友们相互联系以便提供帮助。故选A。]Ⅱ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fivegreatunusualstudyspaces1．IndependentcoffeeshopsNowadays，independentlyownedcoffeeshopsarefoundeverywhereinthecity.__9__Youcanstudyinthequietspotwithoutbeingdisturbedwhileenjoyingacupofcoffeeandyourfavoritesnacks.2．OutsideReadingoutdoorsisnotpossiblefortheentireyear.Butthespring，summer，andfallcanprovidestudentswiththeperfectmixoflight，noise，andbreezeforidealstudying.Throughoutthecitythereareparksandsquareswhereyouwillbeabletofindyourperfectspot.__10__3．StudentspacesThissuggestionmayseemobviousatfirst.However，studentstendtopickthesamespacesdesignatedforstudyingwhentheylookforaplaceoncampustoread.Trygoingtoaspacethatisn'tadesignatedquietspacebutratheranactivitiesroom，dininghall，ormusicroom.__11__Tryoutavarietyofspacestodiscoverthenoiselevelthatworksbestforyou.4．ApubDuringthelateafternoonandearlyevening，especiallyonweekdays，manypubsarefairlyquietandempty.__12__Youcanreallyenjoythepeacefulatmospherethere.5．Amuseumorgallery__13__Thisprovidesstudentswithanotherfairlyquietplacetoread.Notonlywillstudentsbesurroundedbywonderfulvisualstimuli，theinspirationalaspectoftheseinstitutionscanalsopromptstudentstoputmoreeffortintotheirwork.A．Thinkitoverandyou'llgettheanswer.B．Maybeitisthebestplaceforyoutomakefriends.C．Sofindingaquietspotcouldnotbedifficultforyou.D．Trytoavoidareaswhereyou'llseealotofstudentswhoyouknow.E．Youcanreallyfocusonyourstudyingwhilecalmingdownwithabeer.F．Youcanfindaquietplacetogetawayfromthecityandhavelessdistractions.G．Manymuseumsandartgalleriesofferfreeadmissiontostudentsonedayperweek.答案9．C[上面一句意为“现在独立的咖啡店在城市中到处都是”，可知下面一句应该说明的是“因此，找到一个安静的地方不是困难的事”。故选C。]10．F[本段标题Outside提示了在城市之外能够找到安静的学习的地方，选项F中的getawayfromthecity提示了是在城市之外找到安静的学习的地方。故选F。]11．D[在学生聚集的地方找到适合学习的地方应该避免见到你认识的学生的。故选D。]12．E[Apub是提供酒水的小酒馆，选项E中的withabeer提示了应该选E。]13．G[本段标题为Amuseumorgallery，选项G中的Manymuseumsandartgalleries与标题一致。故选G。]Ⅲ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。DearPeter，Ireadinanewspaperwhena“LearnChinese，SingChineseSongs”F