2023-2024学年贵州省六校联盟高三上学期高考实用性联考（一）英语试题（解析版）

2024届贵州省六校联盟高考实用性联考卷(一)英语试题注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)注意，听力部分答题时请先将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束前你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersgoingnext?A.ToaflowershopB.ToaclothingshopC.Toabakery2.Whatdoesthewomando?A.AnarchitectB.AteacherC.Areceptionist3.HowwillHelentraveltoNewYorkAByplaneB.BycarC.Bytrain4.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.InapethospitalB.InaparkC.Inazoo5.WhatistheweatherlikenowA.SunnyB.CloudyC.Rainy.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6InwhichplacearehalfofBetty’sgrandfather’sbooksstored?A.Ahouseofhisfriend.B.Apubliclibrary.C.Betty’shouse.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Surprised.B.Excited.C.Anxious.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.WhatdoesLilysuggestMr.Stensondoing?A.Usingthepesticide.B.Changingthecrop.C.Wateringthefields.9.WhatdoweknowaboutLily’suncle?A.Heoftenshareshisproducts.B.HelivesfarfromLily.C.Heisgoodatfarming.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.WheredoesMollycomefrom?A.Japan.B.Canada.C.Singapore.11.WhendidMollybegintoski?A.Atagefour.B.Atageseven.C.Atagethirteen.12.WhatmadeMollydecidetobeaskier?A.Herloveforsnow.B.Hermom’schoice.C.Herfriend’ssupport.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeaker?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Friends.14WhatisHarry’sfatherresponsiblefor?A.CarinsuranceB.HealthinsuranceC.Businessinsurance15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.SheisagreenhandindrivingB.SheisanexpertincarsC.Sheisafanofsportscars16.WhichwordcanbestdescribeHarry?A.TolerantB.ConsiderateC.Ambitious听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker!A.ToforecasttheweatherB.TokeeppeopleinformedC.Tomakeanadvertisement18.WhatcausesflightstoSouthAmericarisky?A.AterriblestormB.HeavyairtrafficC.Mechanicalproblems19.Howwilltheydealwithpassengerswhoseflightsarecanceled?A.ChangetheirflightrouteB.OfferthemfreehotelsC.Returnalltheirmoney20.Whichplaceisincludedintheno-golist?A.CairoB.PanamaC.BuenosAires第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAmsterdamDestinationGuideAmsterdam,thecapitaloftheNetherlands,isoneofthemostpopulartraveldestinationsintheworld,famousforitsbeautifulcanals,topartmuseums,cyclingcultureandsoon.HerearesomeofthekeypointstorememberasyouplanyourtriptoAmsterdam.BoomSeasonPopulationLanguage(s)CurrencyJanuaryClimateJulyClimateMaytoOctober813562DutchEuroAveragehigh:5.8℃Averagehigh:22.0℃Must-SeeAttractions●OldCentreMostvisitorsbegintheirAmsterdamadventurehere,whichisfulloftraditionarchitecture,shoppingcenters,andcoffeeshops.●CanalRingItisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethatwasoriginallybuilttoattractwealthyhomeownersandisacenterforcelebrityspottingandnightlifetoday.●MuseumQuarterItisgreatforshoppingattheAlbertCuypMarketandhavingapicnicintheVondelpark.ThetopmuseumstovisittherearetheRijksmusuemandtheVanGogh●PlantagItboastsmostofthecity’smuseums,includingtheJewishHistoricalMuseum.MoneySavingTips●Unlessyoureallywanttoseethetulips(郁金香)blooming,avoidbookingbetweenmid-Marchandmid-May.Thisiswhenhotelandflightpricesrise.●LookforaccommodationsinAmsterdam’sSouthDistrict,whereratesaregenerallycheaperthaninthecitycenter.●Buytrainticketsatthemachineinsteadofthecountertosaveabitofmoney.●Insteadofhiringatourguide,hoponacanalboat.They’reinexpensiveandwillgiveyouauniqueviewofthecity.1.WhichisthebestseasontovisitAmsterdam?A.January. B.March.C.September. D.December.2.Ifyou’reinterestedinnightlife,youshouldvisit_______________.A.OldCentre B.CanalRingC.MuseumQuarte D.Plantag3.HowcanyousavemoneyinAmsterdam?A.Hireaguideforyourcanaltour.B.Getthetrainticketsatthecounter.C.Bookinmid-Mayforalowerprice.D.ReserveahotelintheSouthDistrict.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍去阿姆斯特丹旅行的一些注意事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章方框中“BoomSeason:MaytoOctober(旺季：5月至10月)”可知，去参观阿姆斯特丹的最佳时间是5月至10月。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由CanalRing中“ItisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethatwasoriginallybuilttoattractwealthyhomeownersandisacenterforcelebrityspottingandnightlifetoday.(它是联合国教科文组织世界遗产，最初是为了吸引富有的房主而建的，如今是名人景点和夜生活的中心)”可知，CanalRing是夜生活的中心。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由MoneySavingTips中“LookforaccommodationsinAmsterdam’sSouthDistrict,whereratesaregenerallycheaperthaninthecitycenter.(寻找阿姆斯特丹南区的住宿，那里的房价通常比市中心便宜)”可知，在南区预订一家酒店可以帮助节约钱。故选D项。BSincemysonwenttocollegeinChicago,Imadequarterlytripsthereforthenextthreeyears.MyfriendGeorgewasacookthereandheknewmanyoutstandingrestaurants.OneofthemwasaChineserestaurantcalledTheBird.ItwasownedandoperatedbyChefBennyMoywhohappenedtobeanoldfriendofGeorge’s.ThedishesBennypreparedwereunique,andeverythingwasinhismindwhenhewascooking.Justbychanging,addingorremovinganingredientortwo,hecouldcomeupwithanentirelynewdish.AsafanofChinesefood,Iwasalwaysattractedbyitsrecipes.Afterayearwentby,IRoadinfinallygatheredthecouragetoaskBennyifIcouldspendaweeklearningcookinginhisrestaurantkitchen.Tomyjoy,heagreedreadily.IwasverynervousthefirstdayIshowedup.ButIdidn’thavetowaitlongtofindouthowIwouldstart.“Putonthisjacket,goovertothestoveandcleanthetwowoks(锅)there,”hesaid.Iwasexcited.Whatabeginning!Iwasallowedtocleanthemaster’swoks.Thenthingsjustseemedtofallintoplace.Bennywasveryconcentratedwhenhewasdoingpreparingworkorcooking.Iwouldjustfollowhimaround,tryingveryhardnottogetinhisway.Besides,Iwouldtalkintomyhand-heldrecordertodocumenteverythinghedid;ineffect,Ihadallhisrecipes.Hehadateachingstylethatwasallhisown.AndIjustwatchedandlearnedeverythinghedidbyheartAttheendoftheweek,whenmytimeinthekitchenwasover,IcameawayfeelingthatIhavehadthemostexciting,unusual,anduniquecookingexperiences.Plus,nowIknowhowtocookBenny’smost-knowndish:Mooshupork.4.WhatareBenny’sdisheslike?A.Nutritiousandsalty B.ConventionalandtastyC.Originalandspicy D.Specialanddistinctive5.WhatdoweknowaboutBenny?A.HeusedtoliveinChicago B.Hewasreluctanttocleanwoks.C.HeranaChinesefoodrestaurant D.Helikedaddingingredientstodishes6.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“fallintoplace”inparagraph5?A.Workoutsmoothly B.Beinchaos C.Takeadownturn D.Getworsegradually7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CreatingInnovativeDishes B.ObservingCookingProceduresC.AppreciatingFavoriteRecipes D.LearningChineseCuisine【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去一家中餐厅里学习烹饪中国菜的经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ThedishesBennypreparedwereunique,andeverythingwasinhismindwhenhewascooking.Justbychanging,addingorremovinganingredientortwo,hecouldcomeupwithanentirelynewdish.(本尼做的菜是独一无二的，当他做饭的时候，一切都在他的脑海里。只要改变、添加或删除一两种食材，他就能做出一道全新的菜肴)”可知，本尼的菜特殊和与众不同。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AsafanofChinesefood,Iwasalwaysattractedbyitsrecipes.(作为一名中餐爱好者，我总是被它的食谱所吸引)”可知，本尼经营一家中餐馆。故选C。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段“IwasverynervousthefirstdayIshowedup.ButIdidn’thavetowaitlongtofindouthowIwouldstart.“Putonthisjacket,goovertothestoveandcleanthetwowoks(锅)there,”hesaid.Iwasexcited.Whatabeginning!Iwasallowedtocleanthemaster’swoks.(我第一天来的时候非常紧张。但我没等多久就知道我将如何开始。他说：“穿上这件外套，走到炉子那边，把那边的两个锅擦干净。”我很兴奋。一个好开头！我被允许打扫主厨的锅)”以及后文“Bennywasveryconcentratedwhenhewasdoingpreparingworkorcooking.Iwouldjustfollowhimaround.(本尼在做准备工作或做饭时非常专注。我只是跟着他)”可知，作者从一开始的紧张到后来跟着本尼做准备工作，可知慢慢进展顺利了。故划线词意思是“进展顺利”。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Attheendoftheweek,whenmytimeinthekitchenwasover,IcameawayfeelingthatIhavehadthemostexciting,unusual,anduniquecookingexperiences.Plus,nowIknowhowtocookBenny’smost-knowndish:Mooshupork.(周末，当我在厨房的时间结束时，我离开了，感觉我有了最令人兴奋的，不寻常的，独特的烹饪经历。而且，现在我知道怎么做本尼最著名的菜木须肉了)”结合文章主要讲述了作者去一家中餐厅里学习烹饪中国菜的经历。可知，D选项“学习中国菜”最符合文章标题。故选D。CMogaoGrottoesislocatedatthewesternendoftheHexiCorridoralongtheancientSilkRoadinDunhuang,China.Untilnow,mostmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoeshavebeendatedbydirectlyreferringtothemuraltextsorhistoricaldocuments.However,somearestillleftwiththecreationera(年代)uncertainduetothelackofreferencematerialsorthedisagreementofartexperts.Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(编码)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.WiththehelpofexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy,sevenmuralpaintingsfromtwogrottoes(No.205andNo.206)werechosenassubjectsforthisdatingresearch.Tofigureoutthecreationeraofthesepaintings,QinZou,aresearcherfromWuhanUniversity,collected3,860muralpaintingsfrom194differentgrottoeswithconfirmedcreation-eralabels.Tofindthevisualcodesthatcanidentifytheerainthesepaintings,theauthorsbuiltadeepconvolutionalneuralnetwork(卷积神经网络)andclassifiedthesepaintingimagesintotherighteras.Basedontheclassificationmodel,adatingmethodwasbuiltandappliedtodatethesevenpaintings.SixofthenewdatingresultswereapprovedbyexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy.“Thesedatingresultsarecorrectandthemethodisgreat,”saidMr.Hui-MinWang,adistinguishedexpertfromtheArchaeologicalInstituteofDunhuangAcademy.“Tothebestofourknowledge,”wrotetheresearchers,“thisworkrepresentsthefirstaccountofascientificandquantitativemannertosupporttheerapredictionandreducetheuncertaintiesindatingancientpaintingsbyusingdeeplearning.8.Whatmightbeareasonforsomemuralsremainingundated?A.Varietyofthedrawingstyles B.ErrorsofhistoricalliteratureC.Shortageofreferencematerials D.Disagreementofhistoricaldocuments.9.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whythedrawingstyleisalwayschanging B.Whatanewdatingmethodlookslike.C.Howpaintingdataarelearnedandquantified D.Whetheradatingapproachshouldbeapplied10.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofCaveNo.205andNo.206?A.TocomparetwodifferentdrawingstylesB.TopresenttheapplicationofvisualcodesC.ToexplainthecreationoftheclassificationmodelD.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepaintings11.Whatdotheresearchersthinkofthenewmethod?A.Itisabreakthrough B.ItclassifiesdrawingstylesC.Itbringsmanyuncertainties D.Itmakesaccuratepredictions【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种新的测年方法来准确地确定中国莫高窟古代壁画的年代。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“However,somearestillleftwiththecreationera(年代)uncertainduetothelackofreferencematerialsorthedisagreementofartexperts.(然而，由于缺乏参考资料或艺术专家的意见分歧，有些人仍然对创作时代不确定)”可知，导致一些壁画没有注明日期是原因可能是参考资料不足。故选C。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(编码)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.(壁画的绘画风格在历史上不断变化，可以通过绘画数据来学习和量化。一种新的追溯方法是通过深度学习的视觉编码来编码绘画风格。这种新方法成功地发现了莫高窟六幅壁画的创作年代)”可知，第二段的主要内容是新的年代测定方法是什么样的。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(编码)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.(壁画的绘画风格在历史上不断变化，可以通过绘画数据来学习和量化。一种新的追溯方法是通过深度学习学习的视觉编码来编码绘画风格。这种新方法成功地发现了莫高窟六幅壁画的创作年代)”以及第三段“WiththehelpofexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy,sevenmuralpaintingsfromtwogrottoes(No.205andNo.206)werechosenassubjectsforthisdatingresearch.(在敦煌研究院专家的帮助下，选取了205号和206号两个石窟的7幅壁画作为研究对象)”可推知，作者提到205号和206号洞穴的例子是为了展示视觉代码的应用。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Tothebestofourknowledge,”wrotetheresearchers,“thisworkrepresentsthefirstaccountofascientificandquantitativemannertosupporttheerapredictionandreducetheuncertaintiesindatingancientpaintingsbyusingdeeplearning.(“据我们所知，”研究人员写道，“这项工作是第一次用科学和定量的方式来支持时代预测，并通过深度学习来减少古代绘画年代确定的不确定性。”)”可推知，研究人员认为这种新方法是一个突破。故选A。DAstudypublishedrecentlyshowsthattomatofruitsareabletotransmitalertstotheirmotherplantwhenattackedbycaterpillars.Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(树液).Giventhefactthatfruitsjusthangfromthemainplantbeforeultimatelyfallingoffandsaptypicallyonlyrunsfromtheplanttothefruit—notbackandforthbetweenthetwo—ithaslongbeenunclearwhetherornotfruitscantransmitinformationtotheplant.Toaddressthatquestion,scientistsatBrazil’sFederalUniversityofPelotasplacedtomatoplantsinaFaradaycage.Electrodes(电极)wereattachedtotheendsoftheplants’branchesatthepointswheretheyconnectedtothefruits.Thentheymeasuredelectricalresponseswithinthebranchesbefore,duringandaftera24-hourperiodinwhichthefruitswereattackedbycaterpillars.Machine-learning-basedalgorithmswereusedtoidentifypatternsinthesignals.Itwasfoundthattherewasa“cleardifference”betweenthesignalsbeforeandaftercaterpillarattacks.Additionally.defensivebiochemicalresponseswereobservedthroughouttheplants’bodies,suggestingthattheyhadbeentriggeredbysignalssentbythefruits.Theresearchersgavethefollowingexplanation.Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.Thesewarningsimpulseswerereceivedbythemainplantandasaresult,therestoftheplantgotpreparedtofightofftheunwantedinvaders.Thetomatofruitmadesurethattheplantproducedchemicalsthatwereunpleasanttotaste,sothathungrycaterpillarsstayedoffthefruit.Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthiscommunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.12.Whichofthefollowingmagazineisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems.B.ExtraordinaryArchitect.C.NationalGeographic.D.TheEconomist.13.Whatfunctiondoessapserveinparagraph2?A.Amediumthatcantransmitsignals.B.Afirewallthatcanpreventattacks.C.Ashelterwhereinformationstores.D.Apathwaywhichwaterrunsthrough.14.What’sthereactionofthetomatofruitaftersensinganearbycaterpillar?A.Itfoughtagainsttheinvaders.B.Itproducedanunpleasanttaste.C.Itreleasedastinkysmell.D.Itemittedelectricalsignals.15.Whatwillscientistsdointhefollowingresearch?A.Improvefruitoutput.B.Decreasepestspecies.C.Expandresearchfields.D.Investigateotherinsects.【答案】12.A13.A14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究发现番茄果实在受到毛毛虫攻击时能够向其母株发出警报。【12题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthiscommunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.(科学家们现在计划调查其他结果植物的行为是否与番茄相同，以及它们的果实是否对昆虫以外的威胁做出反应。他们相信，了解植物如何与果实相互作用，以及果实之间的相互作用，可以深入了解如何利用这种交流来提高果实质量，对害虫的抗性和收获后的保质期。)”以及上文可以推断，这篇文章主要讲食物方面的内容，所以可能出现在A项FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems(可持续粮食系统的前沿)。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(树液).(植物有大量的化学和激素信号通路，通常通过树液传递。)”可知，树液作为介质传递大量的化学和激素信号。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段“Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.(番茄果实感应到附近的昆虫，释放出电信号到达植物的其他部分。)”可知，当番茄果实感受到周围由昆虫时，会释放出电信号。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.(科学家们现在计划调查其他结果植物的行为是否与番茄相同，以及它们的果实是否对昆虫以外的威胁做出反应。)”可知，科学家将扩展研究领域，看是否将这研究结果应用于其它植物。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EPetownershaveabigresponsibilitywhenitcomestotakingcareoftheirfurryfriendsUnfortunately,manypetownersmakecommonmistakesasfollows.●NotprovidingenoughexerciseormentalstimulationforyourpetAllpetsneedregularexerciseandmentalstimulationtostayhealthyandhappy.____16____Mentalstimulationisalsoessentialtokeepyourpetfit.Youcangiveyourpetpuzzletoys,playnewgameswiththem,orteachthemnewtricks.●OverfeedingYoumightthinkyou’redoingyourpetafavorbygivingthemextratreats,butoverfeedingcandomoreharmthangood.____17____.Therefore,ensureyou’refollowingthefeedingguidelineonthebagandnotgivingintothosepuppy-dogeyestoooften.●NotsocializingyourpuppySocializationiskeytoawell-behavedandhappydog.Makesuretointroduceyourpuppytodifferentpeople,animalsandsituations.____18________19____Petsaregreatathidingtheirpainanddiscomfort,soit’simportanttowatchforanychangeinbehaviororappetite.Don’thesitatetobringsomethingupwithyourvetifyounoticesomethingoff.Tohelpavoidthesetypesoferrors,WandaMorgan,ChiefEditorofWorkoutLunatic,givesthefollowingtips.●PositivereinforcementPositivereinforcementisalwaysthewaytogowhentrainingyourpet.Usetreatsandverbalpraisetoencouragegoodbehaviorinsteadofpunishmentorscolding.●Addressingunderlyinganxietycauses____20____.Giveyourpetplentyofengagingactivitiesandplaytimetokeeptheirmindsandbodiesactiveandhappy.A.IgnoringsignsofillnessB.NottrustingyourpuppyC.Itcanhelpthemgrowconfidentandwell-adjustedD.ItcanleadtoobesityandotherseriousmedicalconditionsE.MentalexerciseiscrucialtoyourpetasmuchasphysicalexerciseF.Anxiety-basedbehaviorcanstemfromalackofattentionorstimulationG.Withoutenoughphysicalactivity,yourpetmaybecomeoverweightorbored【答案】16.G17.D18.C19.A20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些养狗的错误以及建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Allpetsneedregularexerciseandmentalstimulationtostayhealthyandhappy.(所有的宠物都需要定期的锻炼和精神鼓励来保持健康和快乐)”以及后文“Mentalstimulationisalsoessentialtokeepyourpetfit.Youcangiveyourpetpuzzletoys,playnewgameswiththem,orteachthemnewtricks(精神鼓励对保持宠物健康也是必不可少的。你可以给你的宠物益智玩具，和他们玩新的游戏，或者教他们新的技巧)”可知，后文提到了精神鼓励，可知本句是在说明宠物的体育锻炼，故G选项“如果没有足够的体育活动，你的宠物可能会变得超重或感到无聊”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Youmightthinkyou’redoingyourpetafavorbygivingthemextratreats,butoverfeedingcandomoreharmthangood.(你可能会认为你给宠物额外的食物是在帮它们的忙，但过度喂食弊大于利)”以及后文“Therefore,ensureyou’refollowingthefeedingguidelineonthebagandnotgivingintothosepuppy-dogeyestoooften.(因此，确保你遵循袋子上的喂养指南，不要经常屈服于那些小狗的眼睛)”可知，本句主要承接上文具体说明过度喂食导致的问题：肥胖和其他严重的疾病。故D选项“它会导致肥胖和其他严重的疾病”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Socializationiskeytoawell-behavedandhappydog.Makesuretointroduceyourpuppytodifferentpeople,animalsandsituations.(社交是让狗狗表现良好和快乐的关键。一定要把你的小狗介绍给不同的人、动物和环境)”可知，上文提到了要让狗狗去不同的环境中进行社交，本句为本段最后一句，故说明这么做的好处：帮助它们变得自信和适应。故C选项“它可以帮助它们变得自信和适应”符合语境，故选C。【19题详解】根据后文“Petsaregreatathidingtheirpainanddiscomfort,soit’simportanttowatchforanychangeinbehaviororappetite.Don’thesitatetobringsomethingupwithyourvetifyounoticesomethingoff.(宠物很擅长隐藏它们的痛苦和不适，所以观察它们的行为或食欲的任何变化都很重要。如果你发现有什么不对劲，不要犹豫，告诉你的兽医)”可知，本段主要说明了要重视狗的疾病迹象，故A选项“忽视疾病迹象”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据标题“●Addressingunderlyinganxietycauses(解决潜在的焦虑原因)”以及后文“Giveyourpetplentyofengagingactivitiesandplaytimetokeeptheirmindsandbodiesactiveandhappy.(给你的宠物足够的有趣的活动和玩耍时间，以保持他们的思想和身体活跃和快乐)”可知，本句的主旨是说明焦虑的原因，故F选项“基于焦虑的行为可能源于缺乏关注或激励”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)I’man18-year-oldstudent,tallandgood-looking.Lookingback,Irealizehowimportantitisto____21____oneself.BornandraisedinAfrica.IhadalwaystakenmyAfricanoriginasa(n)____22____.Myself-dislikewasfurther____23____whenmyfamilymovedtoNorway.Comparedtoallthewhitegirlsaroundme.Iwassodifferent.Mynoseoftenhadathinsheetof____24____,regardlessoftheweather.Whatalso____25____myself-dislikewasmystuttering(口吃).Italwaysstoodbetweenmeandanyfineopportunity.I’dtakenitasa(n)____26____toavoidanypublicspeakingsessions.____27____,therecameaturningpoint.Onedayawhitegirlcaughtmyeye.Tomy____28____,shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo,anditwasinNovember!“Wow,”Iwhisperedtomyself,“thisisn’tagenetic(遗传的)disorder.It’sperfectly____29____.”Dayslater,mylifetookanother_____30_____.SearchingtheInternetforstutteringcures,I_____31_____learnedthatsuchfamouspeopleasNewtonandChurchillalsostuttered.Iwasgreatly_____32_____.Another_____33_____tomyself-confidencecameasIknewOprahWinfrey,thefamoushostandwriter,isblacktoo!Today,I’vegrowntoacceptwhatIamwithpride.Itsimplygivesmeafeelingof_____34_____.Theideaofself-lovehastaken_____35_____awholenewmeaningforme:there’salwayssomethingfantasticaboutus,andwhatweneedtodoislearntoappreciateit.21.A.forgive B.examine C.accept D.rescue22.A.mistake B.burden C.honor D.advantage23.A.weakened B.hidden C.explored D.fueled24.A.sweat B.freckle C.spot D.mark25.A.spedup B.washedaway C.contributedto D.heldback26.A.excuse B.trick C.lie D.plan27.A.Naturally B.Obviously C.Fortunately D.Constantly28.A.delight B.astonishment C.horror D.disappointment29.A.suitable B.necessary C.normal D.significant30.A.twist B.route C.direction D.risk31.A.secretly B.accidentally C.originally D.deliberately32.A.amused B.relieved C.confused D.touched33.A.threat B.key C.blow D.boost34.A.loneliness B.warmth C.satisfaction D.uniqueness35A.up B.away C.on D.in【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.C28.B29.C30.A31.B32.B33.D34.D35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候因非洲血统感到自我厌恶，后来在生活中逐渐学会了接受自己。作者感慨：我们身上总有一些奇妙的东西，我们需要做的是学会欣赏它。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我意识到接受自己是多么重要。A.forgive原谅；B.examine检查；C.accept接受；D.rescue救援。根据下文第四段“Today,I’vegrowntoacceptwhatIamwithpride.(今天，我已经骄傲地接受了自己。)”可知，此处是指作者经过一些事情学会了接受自己，故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直把我的非洲血统当作负担。A.mistake错误；B.burden负担；C.honor荣誉；D.advantage优势。根据下文“Myself-dislikewasfurther(我的自我厌恶被进一步……)”以及“Comparedtoallthewhitegirlsaroundme.Iwassodifferent.(与我周围的白人女孩相比，我是如此的与众不同。)”可知，作者讨厌自己的非洲血统，认为自己与众不同，可推理出作者认为自己的非洲血统是一种负担，故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我全家搬到挪威时，我自己的厌恶情绪进一步加剧了。A.weakened削弱；B.hidden隐藏；C.explored探险；D.fueled加剧。根据上文“BornandraisedinAfrica.IhadalwaystakenmyAfricanoriginasa(n)burden(在非洲出生和长大。我一直把我的非洲血统当作负担。)”以及下文“whenmyfamilymovedtoNorway.Comparedtoallthewhitegirlsaroundme.Iwassodifferent.(……当我全家搬到挪威时。与我周围的白人女孩相比，我是如此的与众不同。)”可知，作者一直认为自己的非洲血统是一种负担，后来搬家之后，认为自己和周围的白人女孩不同，这加剧了作者的自我厌恶，故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管天气如何，我的鼻子经常出一层薄薄的汗。A.sweat汗；B.freckle雀斑；C.spot斑点；D.mark记号。根据下文第三段“shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo(她的鼻子上也出了一层薄薄的汗)”可知，此处说的是作者的鼻子上经常出一层薄薄的汗，故选A项。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一个导致我自我厌恶的原因是我的口吃。A.spedup加速；B.washedaway冲走；C.contributedto促成，是……的原因；D.heldback隐瞒。根据下文“myself-dislike(我的自我厌恶)”以及“mystuttering(我的口吃)”可知“我的口吃”是导致“我的自我厌恶”的原因，故选C项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把它当作避免公开演讲的借口。A.excuse借口；B.trick把戏；C.lie谎言；D.plan计划。根据上文“mystuttering(我的口吃)”以及下文“toavoidanypublicspeakingsessions.(避免任何公开演讲)”可推理出，此处说的是作者把自己的口吃当成避免任何公开演讲的借口，故选A项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，出现了一个转折点。A.Naturally自然地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Fortunately幸运地；D.Constantly不断地；根据下文“therecameaturningpoint(出现了一个转折点)”结合上文提到作者自我厌恶可知，幸运的是出现了转折点，故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，她的鼻子上也有一层薄薄的汗，而且是在十一月！A.delight快乐；B.astonishment惊奇；C.horror恐怖；D.disappointment失望。根据下文“shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo(她的鼻子上也出了一层薄薄的汗)”可知，作者一直认为自己鼻子上的汗是令自己厌恶的，以为这是自己与别人的不同之处，但是看见别人的鼻子上也有一层汗，感到吃惊，故选B项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很正常。A.suitable合适的；B.necessary必要的；C.normal正常的；D.significant重要的。根据上文“thisisn’tagenetic(遗传的)disorder(这不是遗传性疾病)”可知，作者在看到别人鼻子上也有汗以后，认为这不是遗传性疾病，而是正常的，故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天后，我的生活又发生了转折。A.twist转折；B.route航线；C.direction方向；D.risk危险。根据下文“suchfamouspeopleasNewtonandChurchillalsostuttered(牛顿和丘吉尔等名人也结结巴巴)”可知，之前作者认为自己说话口吃，导致自我厌恶，现在发现牛顿和丘吉尔等名人也结巴，这使得作者有了自信，生活发生了转折，故选A项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在网上搜索治疗口吃的方法，我偶然发现牛顿和丘吉尔等名人也有口吃。A.secretly秘密地；B.accidentally偶然地；C.originally起初；D.deliberately故意地。根据上文“SearchingtheInternetforstutteringcures(在互联网上搜索口吃的治疗方法)”可知，作者是在互联网上搜索口吃治疗方法的时候，偶然发现牛顿和丘吉尔等名人也有口吃，故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我松了一口气。A.amused愉快的；B.relieved感到宽慰的；C.confused迷惑的；D.touched感激。根据上文“suchfamouspeopleasNewtonandChurchillalsostuttered(牛顿和丘吉尔等名人也结结巴巴)”可知，作者知道了牛顿和丘吉尔等名人也结结巴巴，从此不再对自己的口吃问题感到自我厌恶，可推理出空白处应填表示“感到宽慰的”含义的形容词，故选B项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我知道著名主持人兼作家奥普拉·温弗瑞也是黑人时，我的信心又得到了提升！A.threat威胁；B.key钥匙；C.blow吹；D.boost增长。根据下文“IknewOprahWinfrey,thefamoushostandwriter,isblacktoo(我知道著名主持人兼作家奥普拉·温弗瑞也是黑人)”可知，这是使得作者摆脱自我厌恶，变得自信的推动因素之一，结合上文得知鼻子上有汗是正常的、名人也有口吃的可知，作者的自信增长了，故选D项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的确给我一种独特的感觉。A.loneliness孤独；B.warmth温暖；C.satisfaction满意；D.uniqueness唯一性。根据上文“Today,I’vegrowntoacceptwhatIamwithpride(今天，我骄傲地接受了自己)”以及下文“awholenewmeaningforme(对我来说……全新的意义)”可知此处上下文说的是作者自豪地接受了自己之后，有了全新的感觉，可推理出这种全新的感觉对作者来说是一种独特的感受，空白处应填表示“独特性”含义的名词，故选D项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：自爱的想法对我来说有了全新的意义：我们身上总有一些奇妙的东西，我们需要做的是学会欣赏它。A.up沿着；B.