Unit+2+讲义 人教版八年级英语下册

Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks1.Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudy...volunteer(v)自愿(做某事)常用短语:volunteertodosth./volunteerforsth.自愿做某事eg:Thestudentsvolunteertohelpthepoor.volunteer(可数n)志愿者eg:Beingavolunteerisgreat.volunteer(adj)志愿的；自愿的eg:Theydidavolunteerjob.2.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事Thereusedtobe过去曾有归纳:“usedto+动词原形”句式①肯定句:“主语+usedto+动词原形+其他”②否定句:“主语+didn'tuseto+动词原形+其他”“主语+usedn'tto+动词原形+其他”eg:Ididn'tusetohaveshorthair.Iusedn'ttohaveshorthair.③一般疑问句:“Did+主语+useto+动词原形+其他?”“Used+主语+to+动词原形+其他?”eg:Didyouusetoplaythepiano?Usedyoutoplaythepiano?④反义疑问句:附加疑问句部分可使用“didn't”或“usedn't”eg:Thestreetusedtobecrowded,didn't/usedn'tit?3butIwanttolearnmoreabouthowtocareforanimals.“howtocareforanimals”是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构英语中,疑问代词what、who、which和疑问副词where、when、why、how等后面可以接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语eg:Idon'tknowwhattodonext.(宾语)Theproblemiswheretogonow.(表语)Whentoleaveisstillaquestion.(主语)注意：“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语时,相当于宾语从句。当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,可以与此结构互换eg:Shedidn'tdecidewheresheshouldgo.Shedidn'tdecidewheretogo.4.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners'faces.“suchastrongfeelingofsatisfaction”属于“such+a(n)+adj+n”结构,意为：“如此...的...”eg:Didyouseesuchaninterestingfilm?可与“so+adj+a(n)+单数可数名词”互换eg:Didyouseesointerestingafilm?Sheissuchabeautifulgirl.Sheissobeautifulagirl.辨析:such与so①such(adj)如此的(修饰n)so(adv)如此(修饰adj/adv)②两者用来修饰复数名词时,若n前有adj,一般用such若n前有many,much,few,little,此时用soeg:Theyaresuchcleverboys.Hehassomanybooksthathewantstosellthem.③如果被修饰的是不可数名词，只能用sucheg:Itissuchbeautifulmusic.④当little表示“年纪小的”之意，可用“such+little+n”结构eg:Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthattheycan'tdressthemselves.⑤so...that...(如此...以致于...)sothat以便(目的状语)eg:Heissoyoungthathecan'tdresshimself.Theygetupearlysothattheycancatchthebus.satisfaction(不可数名词)满意；满足dissatisfaction不满satisfy(v)使满意→satisfied(adj)满意的→satisfying(adj)令人满意的一系列用法：①toone'ssatisfaction令人满意的是(同surprise)②expressone'ssatisfactionat/with对...表示满意③withsatisfaction满意地④satisfyone'sneeds满足某人的需要⑤besatisfiedwith对...感到满意⑥besatisfiedtodosth.对做某事感到满意owner(n)主人;雇主eg:Sheistheownerofthehouse.own(adj)自己的(常与物主代词连用)两种结构:①one'sown+名词②名词+ofone'sowneg:Shestilldoesn'thaveahouseofherown.Shestilldoesn'thaveherownhouse.own(v)拥有(相当于have)eg:Heownsacar.5tovisitsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.raise(vt)筹集(raisedraised)raise...for...为...筹集raise的其他用法:①举起、抬起(同lift)raiseone'shand举起手②养育、饲养、种植(人、动物、植物)raiseafamily养家raisesheep养羊③建立、竖起(同setup)raiseamonument建纪念碑④提高、升高raiseone'svoice提高声音辨析：raise与rise①raise（vt）(有被动语态)rise(vi)（无被动语态）②raise（借助外力）升高rise（自身）升高eg:Thestudentraisedherrighthand.Thesunrisesintheeast.③二者都可用来表示数量、价值、地位、水平等的提高、上升eg:Thepriceofpotatoeswasraise.Thepriceofpotatoesrised.6.Itakeaftermymother.takeafter:像、与...相像辨析：takeafter、looklike、beliketakeafter指(因血缘关系在长相、性格或行为上)相像(besimilarto)eg:Maryreallytakesafterhermom.Maryisreallysimilartohermom.looklike指(外表上)看起来像eg:Themanlookslikeourmathteacher.belike指(性格、外貌)像eg:What'shelike?他是个什么样的人？He'stall，handsomeandverykind.7.I'msureyouknowthatthisgroupwassetuptohelpdisabledpeoplelikeme.besure的常用句型：①besuretodosth.一定会做某事Eg:Heissuretoarrivehereontime.②besureof/aboutsth.对...有把握Eg:Theyaresureof/aboutthefact.③besure+(that)从句确信...Eg:Iamsure(that)hewillcomeontime.注意：在besure+(that)从句中，若主句的主语与从句的主语一致，则句子结构能改为：besuretodo的形式eg:Iamsure(that)Iwillsucceed.Iamsuretosucceed.8.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.“makeit+adj+todosth.”使做某事(变得)...在此结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式Eg:TheteachermadeitinterestingtolearnEnglish.it作形式宾语的其他常见句型：think/find/believe/feelit+adj/n+todosth.觉得/发现/相信/感觉做某事...Eg:Ifinditboringtostudyathome.Ibelieveitagoodwaytodolikethat.Ifeelitinterestingtoplayoutside.9.Orimagineyoucan'twalkoruseyourhandseasily.imagine(V)想象；设想imagination(n)想象用法：①imaginedoingsth.想象做某事eg:Hetriestoimaginelivinginthemoon.②imaginesb.todosth.想象某人做某事eg:Sheimaginesherselftobeafamoussinger.③imagine+that/what+从句想象...eg:Ican'timaginewhathappenedtoyou.10.ShetalkedtoAnimalHelpersaboutgettingmeaspecialtraineddog.trained(adj)受过训练的train(v)训练；培养；锻炼用法：①trainsb./sth.todosth.训练某人/某物去做某事eg:Thepolicetrainedthesedogstodetect.②trainsb.insth.在某方面训练/培养某人eg:Hetrainedhissoninthefootballteam.training(不可数名词)训练；培训eg:Ididn'thaveanytrainingindrawing.11.LuckyisverycleverandunderstandsmanyEnglishwords.understand(v)理解；领会(understoodunderstood)①understand理解；听懂(follow/catch)eg:Ican'tunderstand/follow/catchyou,pleasespeakagain.②makeoneselfunderstood让别人理解自己的意思eg:Ican'tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.③understanding(adj)善解人意的；体谅人的eg:Themotherhasanunderstandingdaughter.12.Whatareyourinterestsandhobbies?interest(可数名词)兴趣；爱好用法：①have(an)interestin对...有兴趣②havenointerestin对...不感兴趣③takeaninterestin对...产生兴趣④loseinterestin对...失去兴趣interest(vt)使...有兴趣eg:Thefilmmayinterestyou.13.动词短语“动词+副词”结构①相当于不及物动词eg:breakout爆发breakup分解comeup出现fallbehind落后getalong