新教材外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册各单元重点语法归纳总结.文档

外研版选择性必修第一册重点语法汇总TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHYPERLINK5.Asyouknow,6.talking(talk)iseasierthandoing.7.Later(late),Tomdoesn'tdowellinthefinalexamandheissosad.Tom'smotherknowsthatthereisnopoint8.scolding(scold)himnow,soshecomfortshimandsaid"itisnouse9.crying(cry)overspiltmilk.ThereisnolO.telling(tell)whatyoucando,justtryyourbest.Unit4Meetingthemuse=语法精讲二非谓语动词作表语［观察例句］Everyartist'swishistocreatesomethingthatexpressesanidea.Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisturningtohischildren'stoys.3・YangLiping'spassionisdancing.［归纳用法］不定式作表语常表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。Histeachingaimofthisclassistotrainthestudents'speakingability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。-ing作表语，有两个特点：表示抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的。Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.它的(指蚁后的)专职工作是产卵。表示主语的性质与特征Thesituationisencouraging.形势令人鼓舞。常用作表语的・ing有：interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting，inspiring，following等。过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。Theworkersweresoontired.工人们很快就累了。Thebookiswellwritten.这本书写得很好。常用在句中作表语的过去分词有：used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。f蜷训练？.单句语法填空Mytaskistoclean(clean)theclassroomthisafternoon.・Afterhearingthenews,wefeltquiteexcited(excite).・Thechildrenwillgetconfused(confuse)ifaskedtolearntoomuchatatime.Pleaseremainseated(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.5・Wegotalittlesunburntfsunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.Thespeechwassoinspiring^inspire)thattheywereallexcited.Itwouldbeinteresting(interest)toknowwhathereallybelieved.Whatthedoctortoldmewastolie(lie)downandrest.AllIdidwas(to)give(give)himalittlepush.Thedevelopmentofouraviationindustryisquiteencouragingfencourage).短文语法填空Tom'shobbywas1.smoking.Helikesreadingnewspapers2.becauseitwasinteresting.Hefelt3.astonishedwhenhereadanewspaperaboutlungcancer.Whathewantedtodowas4.togive(give)upsmokingatonce.Butsometimesheremainedpuzzled(puzzle)ifheshouldcontinueorgiveup.Sohegot6.changed(change)andwenttoahospitaltofindadoctorforhelp,7.whoshowhimsome8.frightening^frighten)picturesoflungwhosmoked9.heavily(heavy).Sohewasdetermined10.tostop(stop)smokingandfollowedthedoctors*advice.Sincethen,hegotupearliereverydaytodoexercises.Unit5Revealingnature=语法精讲二过去完成时［观察例句］What'smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthat...AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.3・Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime...Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.［归纳用法］过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。过去完成时的构成过去完成时是由“had+过去分词”构成的。SoonIrealizedIhadmadeaseriousmistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。Themansittingbesidemeontheplanewasverynervous.Hehadnotflownbefore.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张。他以前从没乘过飞机。过去完成时的用法“已完成”的用法：表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before,until,when,than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。By5：00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。Hehadjustfinishedsweepingtheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。［名师点津］在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。Afterhe(had)arrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。“未完成”的用法：表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去的时间，还可能再持续下去。Uptothattimeallhadgonewell.直到那时一切都很顺利。JohnandJanehadknowneachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。“想象性”的用法过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish,asif引导的从句中。Ifshehadworkedhard,shewouldhavesucceeded.要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。（事实上她没努力，也没成功。）IwishIhadgonewithyoutotheconcert.我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。表示“刚刚......就......"过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...,nosooner...than...等结构中，表示“刚刚......就......Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。［名师点津］intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。Ihadmeanttocome,butsomethinghappened.我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。过去完成时与一般过去时的比较一般过去时表示过去某个时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它在时间上表示的是“过去的过去YesterdayIreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.昨天我归还了借的书。Hedidn'tknowathingabouttheverb,forhehadnotstudiedhislessons.他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在车站等了20分钟后车才来。f蜷训练？I.单句语法填空Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot(get)200picturesfromthespaceship.Hesaidhehadworked(work)inthatfactorysince1949.3・Untilthenhehadknown(know)nothingaboutityet.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeen(be)outofworkthatyear.5・Theyarrived(arrive)atthestationattenyesterday.II.短文语法填空Istillrememberlastwinter,1.whenIwokeupinthemorning,it2.hadstopped(stop)snowing.Lookingoutsideofthewindow,theshinywhitesnowonourlawn3.hadbeencleaned(clean)bymyfather.IclosedthebookthatI4.hadborrowed(borrow)fromlocallibraryandwentdownstairsforbreakfast.Thenmylittlebrothercametotellmethathe5.hadfinished(finish)allhishomeworkandhehad6.averynicedreamthenightbefore.Duringthebreakfast,oneofmybestfriendscametovisitmyfamily.ShewenttoAustralialastyear.7.Beforethatshe8.hadprepared(prepare)fortheexaminationofUniversityofSydneyforhalfayear.Duringherstudy,she9.hadlearned(learn)thecultureand10.professional(profession)knowledgeinherfield.Unit6Nurturingnature二语法精讲二现在完成进行时［观察例句］ThetrainhasbeenracingalongsteadilysinceitleftXining.Allthistime,thesong"SkyRailway,,hasbeenplayinginsidemyhead.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Thejourneyhasbeenflyingby,andbeforeIknowit,wehavereachedTanggulaStation.5・TheQinghai-TibetPlateauhasbeenattractingpeople'sadmirationforcenturies.［归纳用法］现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时是由“have/hasbeen+现在分词"构成的。Heisill.He'sbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.他病了。已经卧床3个星期了。Youreyesarered.Haveyoubeencrying?你眼睛红了。你刚刚哭过了吗？Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?这半天你干什么来着？现在完成进行时的用法表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在。现在完成进行时常和allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。IhavebeenreadingHemingway'sFarewelltoArmsrecently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。Shehasbeenrecitingthewordsallthemorning.她整个上午都在背单词。ThisiswhatIhavebeenexpectingsincemychildhood.这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。表示动作刚刚结束Myclothesareallwet.Fvebeenworkingintherain.我的衣服全湿了。我刚才一直在雨中干活。Heisdeaddrunk.He'sbeendrinkingwithhisfriends.他烂醉如泥。他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作。You'vebeensayingthatforfiveyears.这话你已经说了五年了。Hehasbeenwritingarticlestothenewspapersandmagazinessincehebecameateacher.自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。表达较重的感情色彩。Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了？Timehasbeenflyingsoquickly!时间过得可真快啊！Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天可真是个多事的日子。现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他见面吗？Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近见到过他吗？现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）Whohaseatentheoranges?谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）f蜷训练？I.单句语法填空TheChinesegovernmenthasbeendoing（dn）researchintovaccineagainstEHFformonths,recentlymanyhavereceivedthefirstdoses.Thedollarhasbeenclimbing（climb）steadilyallweek.3・Ihavebeenwaiting（wait）foranhourandahalf.Sheisverytired.Shehasbeenworking(work)allmorning.5・Jimhasbeenphoning(phone)Jennyeverynightforthepastweek.Theyhavebeenbuilding(build)thebridgefortwomonth.Thetelephonehasbee