报关与国际货运专业英语Module Five 第三单元

Unit3BillofLadingDocumentsI.BookingNoteforCargoBookingNoteforExportCargoarethenecessarymaterialsthattheexportershouldprovidetothecargoexportcompanyandthefoundationforthecargoexportcompany’sbookingstowagetotheshipcompanyandpickingupgoodsbetweentheexportwarehouseandmanufacturer.Itisnotanofficialdocument,butitisaveryimportantbackgroundmaterialforfuturebillsordocumentsmaking.Therearetwotypesofmeansofconveyance：traditionalBulkcargotransportandmoderncontainertransportusingdifferentconsignmentbillsrespectively.1.Thepurposesofdifferentleaf：First,owner（usuallyexporters）officecopySecond,shippingagentcopyThird,notificationoftransportationexpenses（1）Fourth,notificationoftransportationexpenses（2）Fifth,shippingorder.Afterthisleafissealed,thesupportshiphasbeaffirmed.Theshippersonnelusethistoreceivethegoods.Sixth,mate'sreceipt;afterthegoodsgetonboard,firstmateshouldsignonthemate'sreceiptandusethistogetallsetoftheoriginalbillofladingfromtheshippingcompanyoragent.Seventh,Companiesthatshipgoodsoverseasandtheunitsthatareinchargeoftheshippingofcargomakeanofficecopy.Eighthandninth,distributingshipreceipt.TheshippingagentshouldfillthenamesoftheshipandClearancenumberandreturnthemtotheexporter.Tenth,harborfeeapplicationEleventhandtwelfth,spareleaf,blank.2.ContainerShippingbillofladingAlsocalled"dockreceipt",specialexportdocumentsofthecontainershippingintwelvecopies.Thepurposesoftherespectivelead：First,owner（usuallyexporters）officecopySecond,containershippingagentcopyThird,notificationoftransportationexpenses（1）Fourth,notificationoftransportationexpenses（2）Fifth,shippingorder,dockreceiptcopy（fifthleaforiginal）,HarborFeesApplication（attachedsheetofthefifthleaf）.Sixth,CopyofDockReceiptforChiefOfficerSeventh,dockreceiptEighth,shippingagentcopyNinth,Bookingreceipt（1）Tenth,Bookingreceipt（2）Eleventhandtwelfth,theownercanusethemathisorherownwill.OceanExportGoodsAttorneycanbecompiledbytheimportandexportcompanies.ItshouldfilljustthesameasthecontentintheBookingNoteforCargoortherelevantwaysoffillingit.一、海运托运单海运出口托运单是出口人向外运公司提供出运货物的必要资料，是外运公司向船公司订舱配载及外轮公司与出口仓库或生产厂家之间往来提货的依据。它虽然不是出口结汇的正式单据，但却是日后制作提单、出口结汇的主要背景材料。海洋运输有两种运输方式：一种是传统的散货运输；另一种是现代化的集装箱运输。两种不同的运输方式，分别使用不同的托运单。1.散货运输海运出口托运单各联用途如下：第一联

货主（一般为出口人）留底；第二联

船代理留底；第三联

运费通知（1）；第四联

运费通知（2）；第五联

装货单，此联经船代理盖章后即确认货已配定船只，船上工作人员凭以收受货物；第六联

收贷单（即大副收据），货物装上船后，大副在此联上签收，凭此向船公司或船代理换取全套正本提单：第七联

外运公司或承办货运的单位留底；第八、第九联

配船回单，由货运代理在船只配定后填好船名、关单号退回出口人；第十联

缴纳港务费申请书，又称“硬卡联”，由港务部门留存，凭以计算港务费用；第十一、第十二联

备用联，空白格式。2.集装箱货物托运单又称“场站收据”，是集装箱运输专用出口单证，一式十二联，性质与散货运输托运单相同。

集装箱货物托运单各联用途如下：第一联

货主留底；第二联

集装箱货物托运单，船代理留底；第三联

运费通知（1）；第四联

运费通知（2）；第五联

装货单，场站收据副本（第五联正联），附页，缴纳出口货物港务费申请书（第五联附页）第六联

场站收据副本，大副联；第七联

场站收据；第八联

货运代理留底；第九联

配舱回单（1）；第十联

配舱回单（2）；第十一、第十二联

由货主机动使用。海运出口货物委托书由进出口企业自行编制，填写方法与海运出口托运单的有关栏目相同，可参考托运单相关填制方法。Ⅱ.BillofLadingB/Lisareceiptthatacarrieroranagentissuestotheconsignorwhenreceivingconsignedgoods.Itisthemostwidely-usedandthemaindocument.Itaffirmsthatthegoodshavebeenreceivedorhavebeenloaded.Itisawrittenproofthatthegoodswillbeshippedtothedestinationandtotheconsignee.B/Lisalsotheproofbywhichtheconsigneegetsthegoodsfromthedestinationportorshippingcompany.ThenatureandfunctionsofB/L：①Cargoreceipt.②Aproofoftheshippingcontract.③Documentoftitle.ThepersonsinvolvedintheB/Lare：carrier,consignor,notifiedparty,assigneeandB/Lholder.TheB/Lisvalidonlyafteritissigned.Theissuingplaceshouldbetheshippingportofthegoods.Theissuingdateshouldbeinconsistentwiththedatewhentheloadingisfinished.TheB/Listhecargoreceipt,soanoriginalshouldbeissued.Butusually,threeoriginalsareissuedinthetradepracticeinrealterms.TherearedifferenttypesofB/Lduetodifferentperspectives.1.Whetherthegoodsareonboard.（1）OnBoardB/L;ShippedB/L.OnBoardB/Lisissuedafterthecarrierputsthegoodsonboard.ItsfeaturesarethatintheB/L,theremustbewordsaboutwhichship,shippingdateandmustbesignedbythecaptainoragent.Accordingtotheuniformcustomspracticedocumentarycredit,iftheL/CusesB/Lasthetransportreceipt,thebanksreceivetheB/Lthathasbeennotedthegoodsareonboardoronandesignatedship.Ininternationaltrade,thesellerareusuallyaskedtoprovideOnBoardB/L.（2）ReceivedforShipmentB/L.Alsocalled"receivedforshipmentbilloflading",itisusuallyissuedwhenthecarrierreceivesthegoodsandthegoodsarewaitingforshipment.UnderreceivedforShipmentB/L,theconsignorcanexchangeittotheonboardB/Lafterthegoodsareonboard.Also,afterthecarrieroragentsignsontheReceivedforShipmentB/Lthatthegoodsareonadesignatedshipwithshippingdate,theonboardB/Lcanbesignedandissued.2.Inaccordancewithwhetherthegoodsinapparentgoodorderornot（1）CleanBill.ItreferstotheBillsofLadingstatingthegoods“inapparentgoodorderandcondition”,whichtheshipperdoesnotgiveanyremarksaboutgoodsdamageorinsufficientlypacked.InaccordancewiththeUniformCustomandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits,unlesstheletterofcreditexplicitlystipulatestheacceptabletermsorremarks,banksonlyacceptCleanBill.CleanBillisthenecessaryqualificationintransferofbillsoflading.（2）UncleanBill.ItreferstotheBillsofLadingthatbearsremarkssuchas“insufficientlypacked”or“defective”.3.Inaccordancewiththeorderoftheconsignee（1）StraightBill（StraightB/L）.InStraightBill,thenameoftheconsigneeisdefinitelywritten,andthispersonaloneisentitledtotakedeliveryofgoods.DuetothefactthatthiskindofB/Lcannotbetransferredtothethirdpartyandcannotcirculate,therefore,itisrarelyusedininternationaltrade.（2）BearerBill（BearerB/L）.InBearerBill,thenameoftheconsigneeisnotwritten.Thiscolumnisonlyremarkedwith“Bearer”orblank.ThepersonwhobearstheB/Lcantakedeliveryofgoods.TheshipperdeliversgoodsonlybyB/L,notbyperson.（3）OrderBill（OrderB/L）.InthiskindofB/L,theconsigneecolumnismadeoutasfollows：“Toorder”,“Toorderof...”etc.ThiskindofB/Lisnegotiablebymeansofendorsement.Therefore,itisusedwidelyininternationaltrade.Endorsementcanbeclassifiedintostraightendorsementandblankendorsement.TheholderoftheB/LshallmakeasignatureandsealontheB/L,anddefinethenameofassignee.Thisiscalledstraightendorsement.IftheassigneewantstotransferthestraightendorsedB/L,anotherendorsementisneeded.IftheholderoftheB/LonlymakesasignatureandsealsontheB/Lbutdoesnotwritethenameofassignee,itiscalledbearerendorsementorblankendorsement.Inaddition,onthebasisofthewayoftransportation,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoDirectB/L,TransshipmentB/LandThroughB/L.Inaccordancewiththewaysofoperationofship,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoLinerB/LandCharterpartyB/L.AccordingtowhetherthecontentoftheBillissimpleornot,theBillscanbeclassifiedintoLongformB/LandShortformB/L.AccordingtotheuseefficiencyoftheBills,theycanbeclassifiedintoOriginalB/L,CopyB/L,ContainerB/L,CombinedTransportB/LandMultimodalTransportDocumentandsoon.二、海运提单海运提单（BillofLadingB/L）简称提单，是承运人或其代理人在收到有关承运货物时签发给托运人的一种收据，是目前海运业务中使用最为广泛和主要的运输单据。它是证明托运的货物已经收到，或已经装载到船上，并允诺将其运往指定目的地交付收货人的书面凭证。海运提单也是收货人在目的港据以向船公司或其代理人提取货物的凭证。海运提单具有以下性质和作用：①货物收据；②运输契约的证明；③物权凭证。海运提单的关系人有承运人、托运人、收货人、被通知方、受让人、持单人。提单必须经过签署才能产生效力。提单的签发地点为货物的装船港，提单的签发日期应当是货物实际装船完毕的日期。提单是货物收据，最好签发一份正本，但实际业务中通常都签发三份正本。海运提单，从不同的角度划分可以将提单分为不同的种类。1.按是否已装船划分（1）已装船提单（OnBoardB/L；ShippedB/L）。它是指承运人已将货物装上指定船舶后所签发的提单，其特点是提单上必须以文字表明货物已装在某条船上，并载有装船日期，同时还应由船长或其代理人签字。根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定，如信用证要求海运提单作为运输单据，银行将接受注明货物已装船或已装指定船舶的提单。在国际贸易中，一般要求卖方提供已装船提单。（2）备运提单（ReceivedforShipmentB/L）。它又称收讫待运提单，是指承运人已收到托运货物等待装运期间所签发的提单。在签发备运提单情况下，发货人可在货物装船后凭以调换已装船提单；也或经承运人或其代理人在备运提单上批注货物已装上某具名船舶及装船日期，并签署后使之成为已装船提单。2.按提单上对货物外表状况有无不良批注（1）清洁提单（CleanB/L）是指货物在装船时“表面状况良好”，承运人在提单上未加注任何