银行海外扩张中英文对照外文翻译文献

银行海外扩张中英文对照外文翻译文献银行海外扩张中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)OverseasExpansionChina'sbanksarelaunchingoverseasexpansionprojectswhilemultinationalbanksvietostartoperationsinChinaByTANWEITheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC),theworld'sbiggestlenderbymarketvalue,willacquirea20-percentstakeinSouthAfrica'sStandardBankfor$5.5billion,saidICBCPresidentYangKaisheng,atthe4thAnnualConferenceofInternationalFinanceForumjustconcludedonNovember8.Iftheacquisitionisclosedsmoothly,itwillbeamilestoneforChina'scommercialbanksthatarestrivingtodeliverabetterperformanceontheglobalfinancialstage.DifferingfromthesmallBankHalimofIndonesiaandSengHengBankofMacaowhichtheChinesebankpurchasedseveralmonthsago,StandardBankofSouthAfricaistrulyamajorinternationalbank.StandardBankhasapresencein18Africancountriesand19majorfinancialcentersinEurope,NorthAmericaandAsia,andisfocusingitsexpansioninburgeoningmarkets.IttoppedallotherAfricanbanksintermsofassetsandprofitsandranked106thintheTop1,000WorldBanksbyTheBankermagazinelastyear.Besidesthisrecentnews,ChinaMinshengBankCorp.alsoannouncedonOctober8thatitwouldpayupto2.5billionyuan($333.3million)fora9.9-percentstakeinUCBHHoldingInc.,theNasdaq-listedparentcompanyofU.S.-basedUnitedCommercialBank.ThiswasthefirstoverseasacquisitionoftheBeijing-basedmid-sizedlenderaswellasthefirsteveracquisitionofaU.S.bankbyaChinesebank.OnNovember8,ChinaMerchantsBankgotthegreenlightfromtheU.S.FederalReserveforopeningabranchinNewYork-thefirstnodgivenbythefinancialsecuritywatchdogtoaChinesebankforbranchoperationsinU.S.territoryafteritimplementedtheForeignBankSupervisionEnhancementActof1991(FBSEA).Inrecentyears,moreChinesebanksincludingtheBankofChina(BOC),ChinaConstructionBank(CCB)andChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB)haveconcludedoverseasacquisitionsdeals."ThedomesticmarketwillremainthemajorsourceofprofitsforChinesebanksforquitealongperiodoftime,"saidGuoTianyong,DirectoroftheResearchCenteroftheChineseBankingIndustryundertheCentralUniversityofFinanceandEconomics."ButconfrontedwithforeignbankskeenonsecuringlargerstakesintheChinesemarket,Chinesebankshavetogetstrongerthroughinvestingoverseas,andit'sundoubtedlyaneffectivewaytolowerrisks."BiggerandstrongerThetwo-wayopeningupofChina'sfinancialindustry-allowingforeignbankstoinvestintheChinesemarketandencouragingdomesticbankstoseeksharesofoverseasmarkets--isatrendofglobalization,saidPengXingyun,aresearcherwiththeFinancialResearchCenterundertheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.NobodywouldhavetakenPeng'sopinionseriouslyifhehadexpresseditseveralyearsagowhenalmostallChina'scommercialbankssufferedfromnon-performingloans(NPLs)accumulatedbeforethe1990s,andextremelylowcapitaladequacyrateswhichfailedtooffsetanyrisk."HugechangeshavetakenplaceinChina'sbankingindustryinrecentyears,"saidPeng.China'sbankingsectorhastakenonanewlookduetothefactthatallmajorstate-ownedcommercialbankshavetakenpainstoridthemselvesofhistoricalburdens,loweringtherateofNPLsandpreparingforIPOsthroughshareholdingreformoverthepastseveralyears.Forexample,CCB,BOC,ICBCandsomeregionalshareholdingbankshavebeenlistedonthestockmarketandattractedoverseasstrategicinvestorsinsuccessionafter2003.BySeptember30,2007,ICBC,CCBandBOCranked,respectively,theworld'sfirst,fifthandsixthlargestlistedbanksbymarketvalue.IthasbeenamustchoiceforChineseenterpriseseagertoovercometheirdevelopmentbottlenecktoinvestoverseasinordertoobtainresources,energies,brandinfluenceandsaleschannels,andthebankingsectorisnoexception."It'stherighttimeforChinesebankstolaunchoverseasexpansion,"saidLuoZhiheng,GeneralManagerofBOCIResearchLtd."Thegreatpressureofrenminbiappreciationandexcessdomesticliquidityneedstobeeasedbyinvestingoverseas,andbesides,itwillbeagoodbargainforChinesebankstopurchaseinternationalfinancialassetsagainstthebackdropofChina'sbullishstockmarketsandexcessforeignexchangereserves."Bytheendofthethirdquarterthisyear,China'sforeignexchangereserveshadswelledto$1.43trillion,remainingtheworld'slargest.Chinastillfacessevereliquidity.Thenetinjectionofmoneywas195.8billionyuan($26.1billion)forthefirstthreequartersofthisyear,ayear-on-yearincreaseof30.2billionyuan($4.0billion).Asasolution,thegovernmenthasfoundedtheChinaInvestmentCorp.tosoakupexcessliquidityandatthesametimemoderatelyreleasedliquidityandincreasedqualifieddomesticinstitutionalinvestor(QDII)quotastoencouragetheoutflowofcapitalfromChina."Againstthisbackdrop,Chinesebankscouldavoidrisksintheexchangeratemarketandhelptoeasethepressureonthegovernmentfromitshugeforexreservesthroughoverseasassetsacquisition,"saidGuo.CaiEsheng,ViceChairmanoftheChinaBankingRegulatoryCommission(CBRC),madeitexplicitthattheCBRCwouldactivelyencourageandsupportChinesefinancialinstitutionstoseekoverseasexpansion.Steppingstonestosuccess"Cross-bordermergersandacquisitionshavebeenamajormethodforamajorityofChinesebankstotackleoverseasmarketsinrecentyears,"saidYang."Theworld'stop10banksbymarketvaluelastyearallgotbiggerthroughmergerandacquisitionactivities."AccordingtoXiaBin,DirectoroftheInstituteofFinanceResearchundertheDevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncil,overseasacquisitionisthemostconvenientwayforbankstoimplementglobalexpansionstrategiesasithelpstoaugmenttheircapitalsize."Thesizeofabankchangesindirectproportiontocustomertrustaswellasthebank'smarketshare,"saidXia."Animpressivesizeendowsabankwithacompetitiveedge,andacquisitionalsohelpsabanktosaveresources,optimizeresourceallocation,increaseitsmarketshares,loweritsoperationalcostsandaugmentitsprofits."BurgeoningmarketsarethetargetsofacquisitionformanyChinesebanks."ICBCwillparticularlykeepaneyeontheemergingmarketsbecauseofthehighgrowthanddevelopmentpotentialthere,"saidJiangJianqing,ICBC'sBoardChairman,explainingwhytheytookaninterestinSouthAfrica'sStandardBank."Besides,thebankingsectorinthesemarketsopensupfastertoallowinmoreandmorecross-borderacquisitions."China'sbankshaveseldomgainedafootholdinregionsenjoyinghugebusinesspotentialsuchasSouthAsia,theMiddleEast,AfricaandLatinAmerica,WangLijun,GeneralManagerofBOC'sOverseasBranchDepartment,pointedout.ButforChina'scommercialbanks,theseregionswillofferremarkableopportunitiesforbusinessexpansionandgrowth."TheAsianmarketwillbecomeamainstageforChinesebankstocarryouttheiroverseasexpansionstrategiesinthecomingfewyears,"Guosaid."ComparedwiththeEuropeanandAmericanfinancialmarketswherethesupervisionisrigid,thecostishighandthechancesarerareforanyacquisition,theAsianmarketsprovidehugepotentialforprofitsanddemandlowcostsforacquisition."RisksanduncertaintiesOverseasexpansionhasneverbeenassmoothasambitiousChinesebankshaveexpected.Forinstance,ChinaDevelopmentBankandChinaStateInvestmentCo.aresufferingheavylossesfromtheiroverseasinvestments,respectivelyinBarclaysBankofEnglandandtheU.S.BlackstoneGroup.AccordingtoLuo,themajorproblemwithChinesebanks'overseasexpansionishighbidding."Evensomelargematurebankswillmakesuchmistakes,"saidLuo,citingthefamousdealoftheDevelopmentBankofSingapore(DBS)acquiringHongKong'sDaoHengBankin2001.DBSmergedDaoHengatapricethreetimeshigherthanitsbookvalue,andasaresultaterm"Singaporepremium"wascreatedtorefertoacquisitionsatahighpriceintheinternationalfinancialmarket.Currently,inotherfieldsofmergerandacquisition,theterm"Chinapremium"isprevailing.Whetheritwillbefrequentlyreferredtointhebankingacquisitionlexiconremainsaquestion.Furthermore,lackofexperiencewillalsobringChinesebanksgreatrisksincross-borderacquisitions."Apartfromeconomicrisks,therearealsorisksrelatedtopoliticsandsovereignty,"saidPeng."SomeWesterncountries,infearofChina'srapideconomicgrowthandglobalizationprogress,willconsolidatetheirpoliticalintentionsandfomentnationalistagitationsinitspeople."High-qualityservicesaretheonlykeyforChinesebankstotackleoverseasmarkets,accordingtoGuo."Thebiggestriskrestswithwhethertheycanadapttheirmanagementstyletotheneedsofoverseasoperations,"saidGuo.GuoalsopointedoutthatChina'scommercialbanks,exceptfortheBankofChina,alllackexperienceinoverseasoperationsandremaindomesticbankintermsoftheirmanagement,businessconcepts,andthecompetitivenessoftheirstaff.**OverseasAcquisitionsbyChineseBanks**TheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC)October2007:TheICBCannounceditwouldacquirea20-percentstakeinSouthAfrica'sStandardBankfor$5.5billiontobecomeitslargestshareholder.August2007:TheICBCpaid$583millionforan80-percentstakeintheSengHengBankofMacao.December2006:TheICBCacquiredacontrolling90-percentstakeoftheBankHalimofIndonesia,whichmarkedtheworld'slargestlender'sfirstoverseasacquisition.ChinaDevelopmentBank(CDB)July-August2007:TheCDBsignedapurchaseagreementandacooperationmemorandumwithBarclaysBankofEnglandonJuly23,andpaid$3billionfora3.1-percentstakeinBarclays'existingsharecapitalinAugust.ChinaConstructionBank(CCB)August2006:TheCCBagreedtobuyouttheBankofAmerica'sHongKongandMacaooperationsfor$1.2billion.海外拓展中资银行开展海外扩张项目，而跨国银行争先恐后地在中国开始运营中国工商银行（ICBC），全球最大市值的贷款人，将以55亿美元收购南非标准银行百分之二十的股份，工商银行总裁杨凯生在11月8日刚刚结束第四届国际金融论坛年会宣称。如果收购顺利结束，这将是中国正在努力登上全球金融舞台更好的证明，中资商业银行的一个里程碑。与数个月前中资银行在澳门购买了小印尼哈利姆银行和澳门诚兴银行不同的是，南非标准银行是一个真正的大型国际银行。南非标准银行已在18个非洲国家和在欧洲19个主要国家，北美和亚洲的金融中心存在，目前正集中在新兴市场的扩张。它资产和收益方面超越其他所有非洲国家的银行，去年被评为银行家杂志第106届世界前1000家银行。除此之外最新消息，10月8日中国民生银行公司还宣布，将支付高达以25.00亿元（三万三千三百三十点〇〇〇万美元）收购联合银行控股公司在纳斯达克上市的母公司为基础美国商业银行9.9个百分点股份，。这是北京第一次收购海外中型银行，以及中资银行首次对一家美国银行进行收购。11月8日，中国招商银行在纽约开立了第一个中资银行在美国境内分行，自1991年实施对外资银行监管的美国联邦储备加强法（FBSEA）后。近年来，更多的中资银行包括中国银行（香港），中国建设银行（CCB）和中国开发银行（CDB）都已达成的协议的海外收购。“国内市场是中资银行利润的主要来源将维持一段颇长时间，”根据中国银行业研究中心主任中央财经大学郭天勇说。“但是，面临敏锐的外资银行关于确保在中国市场上取得更大的份额，中资银行必须通过海外投资得到加强，并且它将无疑是一个有效的方法来降低风险。”做大做强中国金融业最新的双向开放允许外资银行投资于中国市场，鼓励国内银行寻求海外市场的股票是一个全球化的趋势，中国社会科学院金融研究中心研究员彭兴韵说。没有人会认真采取彭兴韵的意见，如果他曾表示，在数年前20世纪90年代中国几乎所有的商业银行不是因为不良贷款（NPL）的积累就是因为极低的资本充足率而未能抵消任何风险。“中国银行业在近年来发生巨大的变化”彭说。中国银行业已焕然一新的原因是，实际上在过去数年所有主要的国有商业银行已尽力摆脱自己的历史包袱，降低不良贷款率和准备通过股份制改革上市。例如，建行，中行，工行和一些股份制银行纷纷在区域股市上市，，2003年后相继吸引了在海外战略投资者。到2007年9月30日，工行，建行和中行在上市银行的市场价值排名中，分别是世界第一，第五和第六。这已是中国企业必须的选择，渴望克服其发展的瓶颈到海外投资，以获取资源，能源，品牌影响力和销售渠道，在银行界也不例外。“这是中资银行推行海外扩张的适当时机”罗之珩说，中银国际有限公司总经理说：“人民币升值，国内流动性过剩的巨大压力需要通过海外投资缓解，而且，这将是中资银行，在中国的看涨股市和超额外汇储备的不利背景下购买国际金融资产良好商讨条件。“截至第三季度末，今年中国的外汇储备已膨胀至1.43万亿美元，成为世界上最大的外汇储备。中国仍然面临严重的流动性过剩。在今年前三季度货币首净注资1958.0亿元（二百六十一万点零零万美元），较去年同期为30.2亿元人民币（40亿美元）增加。作为解决方案，政府已成立了中国投资公司以吸收过剩的流动资金，同时适度增加释放的流动性和合格境内机构投资者（QDII）配额，以鼓励中国的资本流出。在此背景下“，中国银行通过收购海外资产可避免汇率的市场风险，并有助于缓解政府的巨额外汇储备的压力，”郭说。中国银行业监督管理委员会（银监会）蔡鄂生副主席，作出明确表示，银监会将积极鼓励和支持中国金融机构寻求海外扩张。成功的基石“跨国并购近年来已经成为了大部分中资银行进入海外市场的主要方法”杨扬说道。“世界十大市值银行去年全年通过了更大的合并和收购活动。”据国务