托福作文段落展开

例子法理由段=1句主题+x句解释+y句举例第一页第二页，共84页。（1）每一个论点都要有理由（2）每一个理由都要有例子（3）每一个例子都要有细节第二页第三页，共84页。1句主题注意：主题句简洁，尽可能短，否则第二层（解释）就无法拓展。第三页第四页，共84页。y句例子例子是万证之母

第四页第五页，共84页。y句例子真例子和假例子一样中国例子和外国例子一样名人例子和普通人例子一样一例与多例一样本人例子和别人例子一样

第五页第六页，共84页。Thenewscienceandtechnologyhasbroughtgreatconveniencetomodernsociety.Moderntransportmeanssuchaslighttrails,theunderground,automobilesandjetairlines,makestravelingapieceofcake.Mypersonalexperienceisacaseinpoint.举例法：1.细例子的展开第六页第七页，共84页。MygrandparentsliveinasmallvillageinnorthwesternChina.WhenIwasachild,thelastthingIwantedtodowasgotovisitmygrandparentsfromthecitymyparentsandIwasin.Wehadtotakeseveralkindsofvehiclesbeforewefinallygotthere.However,duetothedevelopmentoftransportationsystem,wecannowtakeadirecttrainandthishasreducedthejourneyby8hours.第七页第八页，共84页。Thenewscienceandtechnologyhasbroughtgreatconveniencetomodernsociety.Moderntransportmeanssuchaslighttrails,theunderground,automobilesandjetairlines,makestravelingapieceofcake.第八页第九页，共84页。Doyouagreethatpeopleshouldhavehobbiesanddophysicalactivitiesthatareverydifferentfromone’swork?Ahobbydifferentfromworkcanhelpusrelax.第九页第十页，共84页。Afriendofmineisatechnicianinaninternationalcellphonecompany.Herjobrequiresherlonghourstodealwithclientsandworksinfrontofascreen.第十页第十一页，共84页。Thejobcanbestressfulattimesandrequiresuseofsignificanttechnicalknowledge.Inhersparetimeshepracticesdancing.Dancingisextremelydifferentfromherworkbecauseitfocusesmoreonphysicalactivityandlessonmentaleffort.第十一页第十二页，共84页。Myfriendclaimsthatdancinghasreallyhelpedherrelaxafteralongday’swork.Shecanshuthermindoff,listentomusicandexpressherselfthroughherbody.Itisalsoagreatwayforhertokeephealthy.第十二页第十三页，共84页。Dancinghasbeenhelpfulinreducingstressinmyfriend’sworklifeandhasmadehermuchhappieroverall.Herdecisiontotakeupahobbycompletelydifferentfromherworkhashadapositiveimpactonherlife.第十三页第十四页，共84页。Doyouagreeordisagree:Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtoplaycomputergames.20080607第十四页第十五页，共84页。Doyouagreeordisagree:Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtoplaycomputergames.20080607第十五页第十六页，共84页。computergames魔兽世界:WoWCSDOTA第十六页第十七页，共84页。computergames魔兽世界:WoWBlizzard（暴雪公司）

十大职业：德鲁伊、猎人、法师、圣骑士、牧师、潜行者、萨满祭司、术士、战士、死亡骑士。第十七页第十八页，共84页。computergames魔兽世界:WoWBlizzard（暴雪公司）

十大职业：德鲁伊、猎人、法师、圣骑士、牧师、盗贼、萨满祭司、术士、战士、死亡骑士。第十八页第十九页，共84页。Playingcomputergamescanenhanceourabilityofteamwork.第十九页第二十页，共84页。Almosteveryonehasheardoforevenplayedtheclassicgame--worldofwarcraft,whichisproducedbyBlizzard,themostfamousgameproduceroftheworld.第二十页第二十一页，共84页。Inthisgame,playersalonecannotentersomelarge40-playerraidtocompleteahugemission,sotheymustgatherintoagroupwithdifferentcareerssuchaswarriors,priests,andwarlocks.第二十一页第二十二页，共84页。Onlywithasuitablecareerconfigurationandgoodcommunicationamongplayerscantheyaccomplishthecomplicatedmissions.第二十二页第二十三页，共84页。Inthissense,thegamedoesofferchildrenaperfectplatformtoimprovetheirabilitiesofcommunications,teamworkandleadership.第二十三页第二十四页，共84页。Almosteveryonehasheardoforevenplayedtheclassicgame--worldofwarcraft,whichisproducedbyBlizzard,themostfamousgameproduceroftheworld.Inthisgame,playersalonecannotentersomelarge40-playerraidtocompleteahugemission,sotheymustgatherintoagroupwithdifferentcareerssuchaswarriors,priests,andwarlocks.Onlywithasuitablecareerconfigurationandgoodcommunicationamongplayerscantheyaccomplishthecomplicatedmissions.Inthissense,thegamedoesofferchildrenaperfectplatformtoimprovetheirabilitiesofcommunications,teamworkandleadership.第二十四页第二十五页，共84页。Thenewscienceandtechnologyhasbroughtgreatconveniencetomodernsociety.Moderntransportmeanssuchaslighttrails,theunderground,automobilesandjetairlines,makestravelingapieceofcake.举例法：2.粗例子的并列第二十五页第二十六页，共84页。Communicationbecomesmucheasierwithmobilephones,theInternet,andfaxmachines.第二十六页第二十七页，共84页。Communicationbecomesmucheasierwithmobilephones,theInternet,andfaxmachines.第二十七页第二十八页，共84页。Communicationbecomesmucheasierwithmobilephones,theInternet,andfaxmachines.Meanwhile,thehouseholdappliancessuchasairconditioners,washingmachines,microwaveovensandrefrigerators,relieveusfromeverydaychores.Inaword,withthedevelopmentofnewscienceandtechnology,ourlifebecomesmoreconvenientinmanyaspectsofourlife.第二十八页第二十九页，共84页。Communicationbecomesmucheasierwithmobilephones,theInternet,andfaxmachines.Meanwhile,thehouseholdappliancessuchasairconditioners,washingmachines,microwaveovensandrefrigerators,relieveusfromeverydaychores.Inaword,withthedevelopmentofnewscienceandtechnology,ourlifebecomesmoreconvenientinmanyaspectsofourlife.第二十九页第三十页，共84页。Communicationbecomesmucheasierwithmobilephones,theInternet,andfaxmachines.Meanwhile,thehouseholdappliancessuchasairconditioners,washingmachines,microwaveovensandrefrigerators,relieveusfromeverydaychores.Inaword,withthedevelopmentofnewscienceandtechnology,ourlifebecomesmoreconvenientinmanyaspectsofourlife.第三十页第三十一页，共84页。Communicationbecomesmucheasierwithmobilephones,theInternet,andfaxmachines.Meanwhile,thehouseholdappliancessuchasairconditioners,washingmachines,microwaveovensandrefrigerators,relieveusfromeverydaychores.Inaword,withthedevelopmentofnewscienceandtechnology,ourlifebecomesmoreconvenientinmanyaspectsofourlife.第三十一页第三十二页，共84页。Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Youngpeopleintodayarelessdependentontheirparentsthaninthepast.举例法：3.数字例子第三十二页第三十三页，共84页。

Earlyindependencecausesmanyyoungadulttofail.Arecentsurveycanbackupmypoint.第三十三页第三十四页，共84页。Thesurvey,conductedbyUSAToday,afterpollingthousandsofcollegegraduates,hasfoundthatasignificantpercentageofrespondentsclaimedthattheyhavedifficultyfindingwell-payingjobsandhavetoaskforhelpoftheirfamilies.第三十四页第三十五页，共84页。玩电脑游戏可以帮助减缓压力。第三十五页第三十六页，共84页。Theresearcheremailed10,000usersofapopularonlinegameandgot1,212tocompleteasurveythatincludedquestionsrelatingtotheirgaminghabitsandhowtheyfeelbeforeandaftergames.第三十六页第三十七页，共84页。Theparticipantsweregivenasweet5-eurocredittothegamingsiteforcompletingthe15-minutesurvey.Thesurveyrevealedthat,aspredicted,onlinegamingseemstoeaserecoveryfromjobfatigue.第三十七页第三十八页，共84页。EconomistsattheUniversityofTexas-Austinanalyzeddatafromfivelargesurveysconductedbetween1971and2009intheUSA,Canada,Germany,andBritain.TheyfoundthatbeautifulpeoplearegenerallyhappierthantheplainJaneorEvenuglyJoe.第三十八页第三十九页，共84页。学生穿校服可以省下更多的时间学习。第三十九页第四十页，共84页。Arecentsurveycanbackupthispoint.TheBeijingYouthmadeastudyof2,400studentsforaperiodoftwoyears.第四十页第四十一页，共84页。Despitetheirgenders,religiousbackground,thereisonethingincommon:mostrespondentsclaimedthattheyspendanaveragehalfanhourputtingonmake-upandchoosingclothesbeforegoingtoschool,andtheirexaminationscoreislowersincetoomuchtimeiswasted.第四十一页第四十二页，共84页。单词或词组解释说明take…forexample例子的标志词第四十二页第四十三页，共84页。单词或词组解释说明take…forexample以……为例省略号里只能填名词，不能填句子例子的标志词第四十三页第四十四页，共84页。单词或词组解释说明take…forexample以……为例省略号里只能填名词，不能填句子forinstance

例子的标志词第四十四页第四十五页，共84页。单词或词组解释说明take…forexample以……为例省略号里只能填名词，不能填句子forinstance比如……=forexample

例子的标志词第四十五页第四十六页，共84页。单词或词组解释说明take…forexample以……为例省略号里只能填名词，不能填句子forinstance比如……=forexamplesuchas例子的标志词第四十六页第四十七页，共84页。单词或词组解释说明take…forexample以……为例省略号里只能填名词，不能填句子forinstance比如……=forexamplesuchas例如后面跟名词，切记不能用在句首例子的标志词第四十七页第四十八页，共84页。单词或词组解释说明Thispointisbestillustratedwiththeexampleof…这个观点可以用……的例子最有力地证明后面跟名词Thispointcanbeconfirmedbytheexampleof…这个观点可以被……的例子支持后面跟名词consider…forexample以……为例省略号里填名词或者that从句…isacaseinpoint.…是一个恰当的例子省略号里填名词第四十八页第四十九页，共84页。举例之后一定要强调这样的例子不胜枚举…Suchexamplescouldbemultifiedindefinitely.

Thelistwouldbeendlessifwetrytomakeaninventoryofsuchexamples.例子的结尾：第四十九页第五十页，共84页。因果链拓展解释：因果链扩展就是为中间段落主题句找“前因后果”。使用情况:原因-----主题句---后果第五十页第五十一页，共84页。主题句：天下雨---我迟到因果链扩展：天下雨—路滑—我走慢了—我迟到了---漏听了重要知识点—对我的学习是有害的天下雨—我给女朋友送伞---路滑—我走慢了—送晚了—挨骂了—独自一人郁闷去了—后来想起上课--我迟到了---漏听了重要知识点—对我的学习是有害的第五十一页第五十二页，共84页。例一：政府应该把钱投在儿童教育上还是大学教育上主题句：孩子年龄小，处在关键时期----对儿童教育进行投资是最有效果的因果链：孩子年龄小，处在关键时期----这个阶段吸收知识比较快-----教授的知识越早对他们将来的发展越有利----这样的教学投资就是最具回报的第五十二页第五十三页，共84页。Childrenaged3-5yearsoldarequicklearnersinthenewknowledge.Onceimpartedthesenewinformation,childrenwillfastrespondtothem,whichwillbememorizedinashorttimeandwillnotbeforgotteninthelateryears.Themoreadvancedknowledgechildrenlearn,thebettertheywillgrow.Thatis,earlyeducationisthemosteffectiveone.第五十三页第五十四页，共84页。例2：分析青少年犯罪的原因主题句1：父母离婚---孩子犯罪因果链：传统道德衰落---父母离婚—孩子未得到照顾---感到被父母抛弃—容易受到坏人诱导—孩子犯罪---对社会安定是有害的第五十四页第五十五页，共84页。Inthefirstplace,theincreaseinjuveniledelinquencyistheresultoftherisingdivorcerate.Withthedeclineofmoralstandards,manycouplesseparatewhentheyquarrelwitheachother.Whentheydecidetoseparate,amajorityofthemdonottakeintoaccounttheinfluenceontheirchildren.第五十五页第五十六页，共84页。Childrenwhoarenottakencareoffeelthattheyhavebeenabandonedbytheirparentsandthewholesociety.Consequently,theminorsareeasilyledbybadpeoplewhofeartocommitcrimebythemselves.第五十六页第五十七页，共84页。例3：孩子要不要自己管理零花钱主题句：鼓励孩子处理自己的零花钱---培养孩子好的消费习惯因果链：父母给孩子零花钱---孩子学习合理分配---使用不当会过的拮据—在失败中吸取教训—养成良好的消费习惯第五十七页第五十八页，共84页。Encouragingchildrentohandletheirownpocketmoneywillhelpthemtocultivategoodspendinghabits.Thisisbecausewhenthepatentsgivethemonthlymoneytoakidattheverybeginningofthemonth,heorshethenhastolearntoarrangethespendingplancarefully.Forinstance,howmuchwillhespendonsnacks;howmuchwillheallocatetostationery;ormaybehastosavesomeforanextra-classclub.第五十八页第五十九页，共84页。Ifthechildspendsthemoneyunwisely,suchasusingupallthe30dollarswithinthefirst3days,orinvestingallthebucksontheBarbiedolls,asaresult,heorshehastoendurethefollowingdayspennilessly.Consequently,inthelongrun,thechildrenmustlearnfromtheirfailure,andgraduallyformareasonablespendinghabit,whichissignificantforasuccessfulfinanciallyresponsibleadult.第五十九页第六十页，共84页。例子4：出国读书好不好？主题句：孩子出国留学—可以培养孩子独立自主的能力因果链：国与国之间的经济文化交流增加—孩子出国留学变多—缺乏家庭朋友帮忙----自己解决问题—可以培养孩子独立自主的能力，增强自信第六十页第六十一页，共84页。Sinceinternationalculturalandeconomiccommunicationisdramaticallyincreasing,thereisagrowingtendencyforwealthyfamilytosendtheirchildrenabroadforfurthereducation.第六十一页第六十二页，共84页。Butchildreninastrangecountrywilllacktheassistancefromtheirfamilymembersandfriendstoovercomestudyingdifficultiesordealwithdailychoressuchassavingdailyexpensesandhavingregularmealseveryday.第六十二页第六十三页，共84页。Inthisway,theyhavetocultivatetheirabilitytobefullyindependenttoworkoutallthesebythemselves,whichleadstotheincreaseofconfidenceamongchildren.第六十三页第六十四页，共84页。1.IthinkseriousTVshowscanbeusedassupplementaryteachingtools.FormanyAmericanstudents,oncetheygetbackhome,thefirstthingthattheydoistoturnonthetelevision.Therefore,recommendingtotheirstudentsseriousTVshowsthatcontainreflectionsonhistory,economy,scienceorsocialjusticecanreallyhelpteachersextendteachingintotheirstudents’leisuretime.第六十四页第六十五页，共84页。2.OnereasonIbelieveit’sateacher’sresponsibilitytohelpstudentslearnisthatmanystudentsareofayoungage.Afirst—orsecond-gradeteacherworkswithchildrenwhoareonlysixorsevenyearsold.Atthisage,astudentistooyoungtorecognizethevalueofeducation.Therefore,itshouldbetheteacher’sjobtomakesurethechildrencanlearn.第六十五页第六十六页，共84页。3.Musicisaquickandconvenientmoodenhancer.Musicmedia,likeCDs,arecheapandavailableeverywhere.Mp3isalsowidelyobtainableandaffordable.Asaresult,youcanstimulateyouremotionsattheflickofaswitch.第六十六页第六十七页，共84页。Hearingthelyricsofasongcaneasilycreatefeelingsofsadnessorhappiness.Acertainmelodycanrelaxusorexciteus.Itcanevenputusinaromanticorsolemnmood.Musicisagreatwaytocontrolandmodifyourmoodsandemotions.Itisfarcheaperandhealthierthanothermoodenhancers,likealcoholandcigarettes.第六十七页第六十八页，共84页。类型单词或词组解释说明原因as因为……注意这两个词后面要跟从句而不能只跟一个名词sincedueto注意这两个词后面要跟名词而不能跟从句owingto因果关系的标志词第六十八页第六十九页，共84页。类型单词或词组解释说明结果hence因此用在句首或句中，如果用句中，则句中用分号thusthereforeasaconsequence作为结果用在句首比较多，后面用逗号asaresultconsequentlysothat因此用在句中目的thereby一次达到……的目的不用用在句首，在正式英语中后面加动名词第六十九页第七十页，共84页。不是关系的关系巧妙运用paraphrase转述耍赖法第七十页第七十一页，共84页。inotherwordsthatisthatistosayi.e.BythatImeanWhatismeantbythatis耍赖法的标志词第七十一页第七十二页，共84页。AnotherreasonI’magainststudentsbeingincontrolisthatitmeansstudentswon’tstudyasmuch.BythatImeanifstudentsgettopicktheprogram,they’llonlypicktheareastheylike.第七十二页第七十三页，共84页。Takingavarietyofsubjectsprovidesacommoncoreofkn