2023年中考英语动词用法及短语总结

动词不及物动词动词是用来描述主语动作或状态的词，在句子中作谓语，是句子中不了缺少的成分，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。不及物动词句法作用（句子中是否需要跟宾语句法作用（句子中是否需要跟宾语及物动词及物动词实义动词实义动词延续性动词延续性动词动作是否可持续动作是否可持续短暂性动词连系动词短暂性动词连系动词动词动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词一、动词的分类动词的分类用法实义动词不及物动词动词意义本身完整，无需接宾语及物动词一般情况下，其后跟宾语意义才完整持续性动词动作可持续终止性动词动作不可持续连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟表语构成系表结构，否则意义不完整助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，可用来构成各种时态、语态、语气及否定句和疑问句情态动词本身有词义，不能单独做谓语，与动词原形连用构成谓语，一般没有人称和数的变化考点1实义动词不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。后接宾语时，必须先加介词、副词等，使其变成及物的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词。如：look,wait,cry,smile,laugh,stop,rain动词+介词Listentomecarefully.Hedoesn’tagreewithme.Sheislookingatthepicture.【此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间】动词+副词Heturnedoffthelightwhenheleft.当他离开时，他把灯关了。Hepickeditupandgaveittome.他把它捡起来并给了我。【代词作宾语时必须放在代词和副词之间；当名词作宾语时，放在副词前后均可】动词+副词+介词Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.他与他的同学相处的很好。动词+名词+介词Hetakesprideindoingajobwell.他因做好工作而自豪。2、及物动词（1）动词+宾语DickiswatchingTV.（2）动词+间接宾语+直接宾语双宾语动词后跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放到后面，由介词to或for引导，变成介词短语。Myfriendalwaysgivemesomeoldbooks.常见的带有双宾语的动词有：1.能接以to引导的间接宾语的动词：bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pass,send,show,teach,tell,write等Couldyoulendyourdictionarytome?Pleasegivemethetbook.=Pleasegivethatbooktome.2.能接以for引导的间接宾语的常见动词有：buy,make,get,order,cook,fetch,play,find,paint,choose,prepare等MyuncleboughtmeanEnglishdictionary.=MyuncleboughtanEnglishdictionaryforme.（3）动词+宾语+宾补Keepthewindowopen.WecallhimXiaoWang.MymomasksmetogetupearlyThisphotomakesmethinkofthepast.Canyouhearsomeoneplayingthepianonextdoor?Imustgetmywatchfixed.【注意】1.接省略不定式to作宾补的动词：一感（feel）、二听（hear、listento）、三让（make、let、have）、四看（see、watch、notice、observe）、半帮助（help）2.现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行3、延续性动词和短暂性动词（1）延续性动词表示一种可以持续的行为或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。这类动词有：live，stay，work，keep，teachYoucankeeptheboolforaweek.（2）短暂性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生立即结束，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。这类动词有：die,buy,borrow,lend,arrive,join,finish,go,e,catch,open,close,marry,start,begin,leaveHisgrandfatherdiedtwoyearsago.=Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.Wehaveknowneachothersincechildhood.Wehaven’tehereforages.【练习】1.——To_______oureyesight,we’dbetterrelaxforawhileafterreadingforalongtime.——Iagreewithyou.Thedrama“Yuhuayao’’________citizensinNanjingwithachancetolearnandlistentotheParty’shistory.DuringDr.Mar’slastvisit,he______on150patientsontheORBISplane.——Doyouhaveanynewfindinginthereport?——Yes,wehave_______10000people,and90%ofthemwouldliketobuyournewproducts.A.chosen.B.surveyed.C.examined.D.listedThegovernmentplansto______morejobsforyoungpeopleinwesternChina.Jim,you’dbetternot_______toomuchtimeonyourmobilephne.Weshould_________thefriendshipthatwehavedevelopedinthepast.Parentsalways______usnottoswimintheriverinsummer.Iamafraidwecannot_______totakeataxi.Let’sgobyundergroundinstead.Itisnecessaryforschoolsto_______theneedofallthestudents’development.考点2连系动词/系动词系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。含连系动词（be除外）的句子在变疑问句时要借助助动词do/does,did表示状态：be,stay,keep,remainItremainsasecret.表示感官、表象：look,feel,smell,sound,tasteTheflowerssmellsweet.表示转变和结果：bee,get,turn,grow,go,e,proveHisfaceturnsred.“似乎”：seem,appear考点3助动词助动词本身没有词义，只能和实义动词一起作谓语，起到构成时态、疑问句和否定句的作用。常用助动词：be,do,does,did,have,has,had,will,shall助动词be的用法be除了可以作系动词之外没，还可以作助动词。be作助动词时无实义，只协助现在分词或过去分词构成现在进行时、过去进行时或被动语态。be(am/is/are）+现在分词现在进行时be(was/were)+过去分词过去进行时be+过去分词被动语态Iamreadingandheisdoinghishomework.HewaswatchingTVateighto’clockyesterdayevening.Hewastoldthenewsyesterday.助动词do/does/did的用法（1）助动词do无具体意义，主要用于协助实义动词构成一般现在时、一般过去时的否定句和疑问句Doyougetupearlyeveryday?Shedidn’tgothereatlast.（2）构成否定祈使句Don'tbeimpolitetoyourtheelder.（3）放在动词原形前，加强该动词语气Ididgothere.我确实去那儿了。助动词have/has/had的用法have/has+过去分词现在完成时have/hasbeen+现在分词现在完成进行时have/hasbeen+过去分词现在完成时被动语态HehasleftforLondon.IhavebeenstudyingEnglish.Thetreeshavealreadybeenplanted.【练习】1. Momiscookingchickensoup,andit____sogood.2.Thetrip____reallyexcitingtome.HowIwishtogo!A.soundsB.smellsC.tastesD.feels3.Thezebraeatsgrass,butit____eatmeat.A.doesn’tB.didn’tC.don’t4.MayIhavesomemorechicken?It____sodelicious.A.feelsB.smellsC.tastesD.sounds5.Thiskindofpaper____soft.6.—Wouldyouliketotrysomepizza?—Yes,please,It____lovelyand____nice.sounds;seesB.hears;turnsC.looks;smellsD.sounds;watches高频短语（带*的为动副结构）get短语getup起床 getinto陷入 getto到达 getmarried结婚 getlost迷路 getdressed穿上衣服getreadyfor为……做好准备 getonwith和睦相处；关系良好geton上（飞机、火车、公共汽车等） getoff下（飞机、火车、公共汽车等）getawayfrom远离turn短语*turnon打开 *turnoff关掉；关闭 *turnup调高*turndown调低；拒绝 o把……变成 turnright/left向右/左转Take短语takephotos拍照 takeaction采取行动 takeafter像*takeaway夺去；拿走 takeplace发生；出现 *takeout拿出*takein吸入 takeup占用；学着做 takeoff脱去；起飞takecareof照顾；护理 takepridein感到自豪 *takedown拆除；记录下takeiteasy别着急；别紧张 take...seriously认真对待…… takeone'sorder点菜takeone'stemperature量体温 takerisks(takearisk）冒险 takesb.'splace代替某人的位置takepart(insth.）参加（……)Put短语*putaway收起；收拾好 *putout熄灭 *putup搭起；举起；张贴*putoff推迟；拖延 *puton穿上；上演；发胖 *putdown写下；放下putsth.togooduse好好利用某物Look短语lookfor寻找 lookforwardto盼望 *lookup查；查找lookafter照顾；照管 lookthrough浏览 lookupto欣赏；仰慕e短语etrue实现 efrom来自 eout出版；问世；上映eon快点儿；加油 eupwith想出；提出（主意等）Try短语*tryon试穿 *tryout试用；试 tryone'sbest尽某人最大的努力Cut短语*cutout删除 *cutup切碎 *cutoff剪掉；切掉；割掉*cutdown砍倒；削减9.liedown躺下 let…down使……失望*writedown记下；写下 *pulldown摧毁；拆除10.*wakeup醒来；唤醒 hurryup赶快 stayup熬夜*fixup修理；装饰 showup出席；露面 *giveup放弃endup最终成为；最后处于 dressup装扮；乔装打扮*callup打给（某人）；征召 *cleanup打扫（或清除）干净*cheerup（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来 growup长大；成熟；成长 *useup用完；用光；耗尽 *mixup混合在一起*pickup接；捡起；开车接某人 *setup开办；设立；创办；建立11.*layout摆出；布置 eatout出去吃饭 *checkout察看；观察*clearout清理；丢掉 *giveout分发；散发 *handout分发*blowout吹灭 *sellout卖光 findout发现；查明；弄清runout(of）用尽；耗尽 hangout常去某处；闲逛 bringout使显现/表现出*workout成功地发展；解决 helpout帮助（分担困难）*leaveout不包括；不提及；忽略12.*giveaway捐赠 runaway逃跑*throwaway扔掉；丢弃 keep...awayfrom避免接近；远离13.setoff/out动身；出发 *shutoff关闭kicksb.off开除某人 gooff（警报器等）突然发出巨响14.beafraidof害怕 befullof充满 beangrywith生……的气belatefor……迟到 bedifferentfrom与……不同bethesameas与……相同besimilarto与……相似 befamous/knownfor因……闻名befamous/knownas作为……而闻名 befriendly/kindto对……友好begoodfor对……有益 begoodwith善于应付…… begoodat擅长 beproudof为……而感到骄傲bestrictabout对（某事）要求严格 bestrictwith对（某人）要求严格beworriedabout为……担忧 beupto是……的职责；由……决定beinterestedin对……感兴趣 beusedto习惯于……；适应于……bebornwith天生具有 bereadyto愿意（做某事）；准备好（做某事）beharmfulto对……有害 bethirstyfor渴望；渴求 beresponsiblefor对……有责任；负责任 behardonsb.对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉15.stickto坚持；固守 thanksto多亏；由于 belongto属于getusedto习惯于 leadto导致；导向 close几乎；接近usedto曾经……；过去…… payattentionto注意；关注bringgoodluckto给……带来好运16.playapart参与（某事） playchess下国际象棋 playvolleyball/basketball打排球/篮球 playarole发挥作用；有影响playthedrums/piano/violin敲鼓/弹钢琴/拉小提琴17.passby路过；经过 dropby顺便访问；随便进入 goby（时间）消逝；过去18.*makeup编造；编写 makesure确保；查明 makeaneffort做出努力makeadifference影响；有作用 makeone'sowndecision自己做决定makefriends(with)（和………）结交朋友19.fallasleep进入梦乡；睡着 falldown突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fallinlove(with）爱上/喜欢上（………)20.payfor支付 waitfor等待，等候 carefor照顾，非党喜欢 ask...for...请求；恳求（给予）thankyoufor为……而感谢你 preparefor为………做好准备21.haveacold感冒 haveafever发烧havetodowith关于；与……有关系 havenothingagainst不反对Have...inmon有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等）相同havebreakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/午餐/晚餐22.agreewith...同意；赞成 pare.with...比较/对比……和……connect...with...把……和……连接或联系起来23.thinkof认为，考虑 thinkabout思考，思索 *thinkover仔细考虑24.excuseme劳驾；请原谅 laughat嘲笑dependon依靠；信赖；取决于 pardonme什么，请再说一遍talkback回嘴；顶嘴 showsb.around带某人参观help(sb.)withsth.在某方面帮助（某人） separatefrom分离；隔开hearfrom收到……的来信 stayawayfrom远离give...alift捎（某人）一程 pulltogether齐心协力；通力合作o把……分成 careabout关心；在意doagoodjob干得好 feellike有……的感觉；想要实战演练1．﹣HowdoesJanegotoschool？﹣Sherideabiketoschool，butnowshegoingtherebybus.A．usedto；isusedto B．usedto；usedto C．isusedto；usedto D．isusedto；isusedto2．﹣﹣﹣Here______asetofkeysA．is B．are C．am D．/3．﹣AnnisnotgoodatspeakingEnglish．﹣I______heshouldpracticespeakingEnglishfortwohourseveryday．A．suggest B．request C．produce D．refuse4．﹣Bob，canyougivemethedictionaryinthebookcase？﹣I'mafraidIcan't________it．Iamtooshort．A．reach B．read C．see D．buy5．Janestayuplatebecauseshedidn'tfinishhishomework．A．hadto B．must C．should D．mustto6．—Howisyourgrandma？—She'sfine.Sheusedto_____TVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedto_____outforawalk.A．watch；going B．watching；go C．watch；go D．watching；going7．—Thepapercuttingisprettylively.Whomadeit？—ItbeMary.Noneofusexceptherisabletodoit.A．can B．must C．need D．might8．﹣Wouldyoulike_______badmintonwithme？﹣Yes，Ienjoy_______badmintonalot.A．toplay；playing B．playing；playing C．toplay；toplay D．playing；toplay9．—Whoseschoolbagisthis？—ChenJun'sIDcardisinit.It________behis.I'lltakeittohim.A．must B．need C．can't D．might10．﹣MustIreturnthisbooktomorrow？﹣No，you________．Youcankeepituntilnextweek．A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．shouldn't11．Iusedto____chopsticks.NowIgetusedto____knivesandforks.A．used；using B．use；using C．using；used D．using；use12．Ourteacheroftenkeepsus_______classroomeveryday，sowemustkeepourclassroom________．A．clean，clean B．cleaning，cleaning C．cleaning，clean D．clean，cleaning13．It'sveryimportantforhimmelaugh．A．tomake B．making C．makes D．made14．Thefantasticmusicmadethestudents______relaxed．A．tofeel B．feels C．felt D．feel15．﹣﹣﹣LetJimsomesaladforus.﹣﹣﹣Oh，no.Idon'tlike.A．get，it B．gets，it C．get，them D．gets，them16．Jenny，couldyoupleasenot________window？It'stoocold.A．open B．opening C．toopen D．opened17．Don'tlook_______thewindow．Look_______thepicture．A．outof；/ B．outat；at C．outof；at D．out；at18．﹣Doyouoften____yourpenpal？﹣Yes，quiteoften．Weoftentalkaboutourschoollivesintheletters．A．hearfrom B．agreewith C．lookfor D．takecareof19．MissWangwillmakeherstudents______inanEnglishwayand______inanEnglishwayisveryimportantforEnglishlearning.A．think；think B．thinking；think C．think；thinking D．thinking；thinking20．Somethinginthefridge______bebad.Itsmells_____.A．must；terrible B．can；terrible C．must；terribly D．could；terribly21．Let's________theoldwoman________thehouseworktoday.A．tohelp；todo B．help；do C．help；withdo D．tohelp；doing22．Theirfatherwarnedthem_______themountaininsuchbadweather.A．climbing B．notclimbing C．nottoclimb D．toclimb23．﹣Ithinkyoushouldhaveagoodrestatnoon．﹣Perhapsyouareright，butI________atnoon．A．usedtoread B．getusedtoread C．getusedtoreading D．usedtoreading24．Thoughyou'rebusy，you'dbetter________sometimetovisityourparents．A．pass B．give C．leave D．spare25．Thispairofscissorsmadesteel.A．is；of B．is；by C．are；of D．are；from26．Paulmadeaniceboxthelittlesickbird.A．keep B．keeps C．kept D．tokeep27．Heexpectedalotinthisuniversity.A．learning B．learnt C．learned D．tolearn28．﹣﹣﹣Doyoumind_________thewindow？It'stoocold.﹣﹣﹣Notatall.A．don'topen B．don'topening C．notopening D．nottoopen29．__________peoplelikeshoppingonline，andaboutfivesixthsofthem__________adults.A．Thenumberof；is B．Anumberof；are C．Anumberof；is D．Thenumberof；are30．Iwatchedsomemonkeys____upanddowninthetreeswhenIwenttothezooyesterday．A．jumping B．jumps C．tojump D．jumped31．﹣﹣Wouldyoulike_____somecoffee？﹣﹣No，thankyou.Idon'tfeellike_____anythingnow.A．tohave，todrink B．having，drinking C．tohave，drinking D．having，todrink32．—Weshouldstartwith"Excuseme."Sometimesweneedtospendtime____________intoarequest.—Ofcourse.Wearetaughttospeak____________whenweaskforhelp.A．lead；polite B．leading；polite C．toled；morepolite D．leading；politely33．﹣Whatdoyouplan________onTV？﹣IhopethatIcan________what'sgoingonaroundtheworld．A．watching；find B．towatch；findout C．watching；findout D．towatch；lookfor34．Therearesomanynicegiftsintheshop.Idon'tknow___.A．whichIshouldbuyone B．whichoneshouldIbuy C．whichonetochoose D．whichIshouldtochoose35．IheardLucy________herteacherwhenIwalkedpast.A．talkswith B．totalkwith C．talkingwith D．talkedwith36．Thankyoumeaboutthis.It'sverykindyou.A．totelling，for B．fortell，of C．abouttelling，for D．fortelling，of37．Ifyouhavequestions，feelfreeme.A．asks B．asking C．toask D．asked38．Weareconsideringtheoldcarthatwehavehadfor10years.A．tosell B．tosale C．selling D．sold39．Iwillstayathomeinsteadof_______basketballwithmyfriendsoutside.A．play B．plays C．playing D．toplay40．Imustgonow，Ipromised____________late.A．notbeing B．notbe C．nottobe D．Iwon'tbe41．﹣Moreandmorepeoplelove__________theirrichesonTikTok（抖音）．﹣ThatshouldnotbeallowedontheInternet．A．givingoff B．puttingoff C．showingoff D．turningoff42．Don'tforget______thelightswhenyougooutfordinner.A．toturnon B．toturnoff C．turningon D．turningoff43．Therewassomethingwrongwithmyputer.Ihadtohaveit__________tomorrow.A．torepair B．repairs C．repairing D．repaired44．﹣﹣﹣Theydon'tallow_________intheroom.﹣﹣﹣Yes，butweareallowed__________outsideit.A．smoking，smoking B．smoking，tosmoke C．tosmoke，smoking D．tosmoke，tosmoke45．Tom，yourhairistoolong.Wouldyoupleasegetit______？A．tocut B．cut C．cutting D．cuts46．Alotofthesmalltownsintheareaarequiteworth_______.A．visit B．visiting C．tovisit D．bevisited47．ShouldIbeallowedmyowndecisions？A．make B．making C．tomake D．made48．—Ms.Griffin，whatshouldwedotoavoid___stupidmistakesintheingexams？—Bemorecareful.A．make B．made C．making D．tomake49．Waterisveryimportantforus，sowemuststopit________polluted.A．frombe B．is C．frombeing D．fromis50．Ithinkit'stheparents'job______theirchildrenwithacleanandfortableenvironmentathome.A．tooffer B．toprovide C．offering D．providing51．—Mike'sgradesdropped.—Sorrytohearthat.Weshoulddosomething________.A．cheerhimup B．tocheerhimup C．cheeruphim D．tocheeruphim52．Nowadays，parentsarealways________theirchildren________others.A．pare，to B．paring，with C．pare，with D．paring，to53．NobelPrize﹣winningphysicist，YangZhenning，becamethefirstChinese﹣Americanscientist________toChina.A．returned B．toreturn C．returning D．willreturn54．______theearlyfight，weorderedataxiandgottotheairportveryearly.A．Catching B．Tocatch C．Catch D．Caught55．Theyaretryingwhatisgoingonaroundtheworld．A．lookfor B．tolookfor C．tofindout D．findout56．Heranasfastashecould____thebusbuthefailed.A．catch B．tocatch C．catches D．caught57．_______aGPSwillmake______easierforyoutovisitastrangeplace.A．Totake；that B．Totake；it C．Take；that D．Taking；it58．Theboy_________onthebed__________tohisfriendthatacock_________aneggyesterday.A．lay；lay；laid B．lying；lay；lied C．lying；lied；laid D．laying；laid；lai