南瓜藤教育份托福口语预测机综合题

.2.2.3.3.4.4.Task【阅读】学校要给学生开 informationday，提供关于出国或留学的信息.Task【阅读】学校要给学生开 informationday，提供关于出国或留学的信息咨询。【听力】男同学 这样得到的信息更全面，自己找的信息不够； 另一方面可以和有留学经历的人直接交流。【SampleAnswerTheuniversityhasannouncedtoholdanInformationDayeachsemestertostudentswithinfavorandadviceregardingstudy-abroadopportunities.Themaninconversationisinfavoroftheuniversity’snewpolicy.Themanthinksthatdoingonhisownisquitedifficultbecausehecan’tgatherenoughinformationwithoutThroughtheInformationDayhewillbeabletogetaccesstocomprehensivefromtheuniversity.Inaddition,hefindsithelpfultospeakwithstudentswhoexperiencestudyingabroadontheInformationDayandthebestwayforhimtofirst-handinsightstostudyingoverseas.Forthesereasons,themanbelievesuniversity’sInformationDaywillbenefitstudentswhoareinterestedinstudying【阅读】学校让宿舍生选室友。【听力】女同学× 和室友一般没什么矛盾，矛盾也是小矛盾； 应该学习化解矛盾，走上社会可以用； 住校外的都是为了省钱，就算你可以选舍友仍然会外面。5.【SampleAnswerIntheannouncementletter,theuniversityisgoingtoallow.【SampleAnswerIntheannouncementletter,theuniversityisgoingtoallowstudentstochooseroommatesinordertoreduceconflictsandincreaseresidencerateatthedorm.thewomanintheconversationdisagreeswiththeuniversity’snewdormpolicy.thinkstherearenotthatmanyconflictsatthedormanditisagoodexperiencetolearnsolveconflictswithone’sroommates.Learningfromtheseconflictsisinfactimportantpartofcollegelife.Inaddition,alotofstudentschoosetoliveoff-campusbecausetheycan’tchoosetoroommatesatthedormbutbecauselivingatthedormmoreexpensive.Inconclusion,thewomandoesn’tthinkthenewdormpolicywillitsexpected【阅读】学校准备startanewmentoringprogram，是让大四的人带大一的人（fourthgradestudentstomentorfirstyearstudents。)。有两个好处（1)大四的人知道的比较多；（2)还有就是大一新生可以有更多social【听力】√1.那人说他大一的什么都不知道，比如说schedulechange还有，location，所以有个人能告诉他这 information的话会很有帮助 他大一的时候认识的人都是大一的或者住在一起的很局限，能认识更多不同年级的人的话会更好。【SampleAnswerAccordingtotheannouncement,theuniversitywillassignafourth-yearstudentfirst-yearstudenttohelpthemadjustthecampusmorequickly.Themaninconversationagreeswiththeuniversity’snewplan.Theuniversitybelieves6.studentsknowbetterabouttheschoolandthemanthinksitwouldbehelpful.studentsknowbetterabouttheschoolandthemanthinksitwouldbehelpfulifwastheretomentorhimbecauseinhisfirstyearhewasconfusedbyalotofthingscampusand.Besides,theuniversitywouldliketoincreasenetworkingopportunitiesnewstudentsthroughthismentorprogram.Themanalsothinksthathavingamentorstudentcouldhelphimgettoknowpeoplefromdifferentclassesratherthanthoseinhisclass.Insumhebelievesthenewmentorprogramwillbenefitallfirst-studentsinthelong【阅读】mathbuilding开个咖啡屋好处（1)有地方吃饭（2)可以给大脑【听力】女生√1.现在的吃饭的地方在studentcenter，很远，没时间过去再回来，有了cafe可以和朋友spendtime什么的；2.现在的building太老了，没有recharge的地方，然后很多数学学生上课都带电脑，所以她们就可以recharge 了，而且还可以在那儿写作业。【SampleAnswerAccordingtotheproposalletter,theuniversityisrecommendedtoconvertalargeroomintheMathBuildingintoacafeteriaandinstallpoweroutletsatthenewThewomanintheconversationstronglyagreeswiththestudent’sproposal.Intheitisbelievedthatthenewcafeteriagivestudentsmoretimetoeatbetweenclasses.womanalsothinkssobecausetheexistingcafeteriaattheStudentcenteristoofarfromtheMathBuilding.Inaddition,thelettersuggestspoweroutletinstallationsatcafeteriawillallowstudentstorechargetheirlaptops.ThewomansaysastheBuildingdoesn’thaveenoughpoweroutletsyetmoststudentstaketheirlaptopstoclasses,theywillbeabletorechargetheirlaptopsanddohomeworkatthecafeteria.7.sum,thewomanbelievestheproposalwillbenefitstudentsinthe.sum,thewomanbelievestheproposalwillbenefitstudentsinthelong【阅读】学校要来一个节电比赛，看谁用电少，赢者奖励批萨派对。【听力】女的说这很好啊，应该节电的。还说应该贴小纸条「随手关灯」关旁边。男的说：不是每个人都感兴趣。女的说：就算他们对节电比赛没有兴趣，也对批萨派对有兴趣，为了臝，他们就会节电了。【SampleAnswerAccordingtotheannouncement,theuniversitywouldliketohostanenergycompetitionamongallresidencehallsoncampus.Thewomanintheconversationisfavorofthisnewplan.First,shebelievesitisnecessaryforallstudentstobeawareenvironmentalissuesandmakeanefforttosaveelectricity.Shewouldalsoliketonotestoalllightswitchesatthedormtoremindotherstudentstoturnoffthelightstheyleavetheirplaces.Second,shethinksthefreepizzapartyisagreatwaytostudentstoparticipateinenergyconservationevenifsomeofthemmaynotbeinsavingelectricity.Forthesereasons,thewomanagreeswiththeuniversity’snew【阅读】校报登了封信，建议改善auditorium的设备，建立网上购票系统（ticketssystem)【听力】女生√ 她在学生组织里工作，有时组织读诗会，使用过礼堂，知道设备有多老旧，比如麦克风经常不work8. 网上购票方便大众，她自己很难找出会适的时间去现场买票，大礼堂离教室非常远，去了又常常发现队伍很长。【SampleAnswerAccordingtotheannouncement,theuniversityisgoing. 网上购票方便大众，她自己很难找出会适的时间去现场买票，大礼堂离教室非常远，去了又常常发现队伍很长。【SampleAnswerAccordingtotheannouncement,theuniversityisgoingtoupgradetheequipmentatauditoriumandestablishanonlineticketsystemforstudentstopurchaseeventonline.Thewomanintheconversationisinfavorofthisnewpolicy.First,asamemberthestudents’association，sheandotherstudentsusetheauditoriumforpoetryandthemicrophonesthereoftenfailtofunction.Withthenewupgrade,alotofwillbebenefitted.Secondly,thewomanbarelyhastimetobuyticketsatthebecauseifsfarfromherclassroombuildingandthelineisalwayslong.Buyingonlinewillbesomuchmoreconvenientforherinthefuture.ForthesereasonswomanholdsapositiveopiniontowardtheUniversity’snew【阅读】学校的建议书。学校图书馆很有用但是很难操作，学生不知道么用，有人建议学校开设课程（librarytrainingday)教学生怎样使用资源和查找图书，并且在课程象的时候做一个作业，确保学生们都学会了。【听力】男生×1.现在大多数人直接用自己的电脑连接各查资料；2.即使需要用到图书馆订阅 journal，也可以用自己的电脑联网找，不需要他们3.新本来就很忙了，heavyloadofhomework，还给他们布置作业，只会让他们更忙【SampleAnswer9.Accordingtotheuniversityannouncement,theuniversityhasbeenrecommendedgrangea.Accordingtotheuniversityannouncement,theuniversityhasbeenrecommendedgrangealibrarytrainingdaytoshowfreshmanstudentshowtonavigatetheresearchtools.Themaninfeeconversationdislikestheproposal.Hethinksstudentsdotheirresearchonlineontheirowncomputers.Thesedaysandhaveaccesslibraryjournalsontheinternetaswell.Thusonlyafewpeopleneedtousethosetoolsatthelibrary.Inaddition,thestudentletteralsoproposesanassignmentbytheofthetrainingdaytomakesureallstudentsunderstandthetools.Themanfreshmanstudentsarealreadybusywithaheavyloadofhomeworkandifstogivethemextraassignments.Forthesereasons,themaitopposesthenewproposalthe【阅读】学校通知下学期将为即将毕业的学生开设interviewskillworkshop外面的职业人士来学校模拟interview，帮学生更好的准备以后找工作。【听力】对话里两个人√1.附近的其他学校都没有开设这个program，所以他们会变得2.除了能教你skillmeetingandchattingwith这些不同行业的人能够buildconnections，未来可能再见到同样的僱主。【问题】总结男生观点【SampleAnswerTheuniversityisplanningtoofferaninterviewskillsworkshoptoallstudentsnextsemesterandthemanintheconversationlikesthisnewpolicy.First,throughprogramstudentswillgettolearnskillsthatwillhelpthemsucceedinajobandthemanalsothinksthatstudentswillbecomemorecompetitiveinthejobthanotherstudentsbecausenootherschoolsintheareaofferasimilarprogram..theinterviewskillsworkshopwillinviteprofessionalsfromdifferentindustriessimulate.theinterviewskillsworkshopwillinviteprofessionalsfromdifferentindustriessimulateinterviewsforstudents,andthemanbelievesthiswillbeagreatopportunitystudentstolearntipsfromtheseprofessionalsandtobuildupconnectionswithPossiblyinthefuture,studentsmightgetajobfromoneoftheseprofessionals.Forreasons,themanintheconversationisinfavoroftheuniversity’snew【阅读】给博物馆的建议。第一是增加导游，第二是延长开放时间。【听力】男的√ 导游会有帮助，另外男的是学历史的，可以去当导游，把知识分享给别人，也是一个工作经验； 学生白天学习很重，没有时间去博物馆，参观博物馆是很好的休息，更多的学生会去参观。【SampleAnswerAstudenthaswrittenaletterofproposaltothemuseumandthemanintheagreeswiththisproposal.First,thestudentintheletterthinksthatthemuseumincreasethenumberoftourguidesandthemanagreesbecausehethinkstourguidesagreathelptovisitorsandasahistorymajor,he’sinterestedinbecomingatourguidethemuseumaswellsohecansharehisknowledgewithothersandgetmoreexperiencethere.Second,thestudentinletterproposesthatthemuseumextendshoursintheevening,andthemanalsolikesthisideabecausehethinksmoststudentsstudyingduringthedayandvisitingthemuseumintheeveningcanbearecreationalactivityforthem.Besides,havingextendedhourscanattractmoreThus,themanintheconversationsupportsthis.【阅读】校报一篇文章，希望学生用宿舍的厨房，校方将会：第一，更新设备；第二，开设cookingclass【听力】学生√1.因为一次晚回来，想热一杯茶但是没有合适的设备； 许多学生没有做饭基础，可以让会的人教不会的人，同时一起交流有乐趣。【SampleAnswerTheuniversity.【阅读】校报一篇文章，希望学生用宿舍的厨房，校方将会：第一，更新设备；第二，开设cookingclass【听力】学生√1.因为一次晚回来，想热一杯茶但是没有合适的设备； 许多学生没有做饭基础，可以让会的人教不会的人，同时一起交流有乐趣。【SampleAnswerTheuniversityisplanningtoencouragemorestudentstousethekitcheninthedormthewomanintheconversationagreeswiththisnewpolicy.First,theuniversityistoupgradetheequipmentofthekitchenandthewomanlikesthisidea.Therewastimewhenthewomanwantedtomakesomehotteaatthedormbutcouldn’ttherewasn’tanyappropriateequipmentinthekitchen.Second,theuniversitywillcookingclassestoallstudentsandthewomanalsosupportsthisplanbecausealotstudentscannotcookandthereforeneverusethekitchen.Offeringcookingclassesallowstudentswhocan’tcooktolearnfromthosewhocan,whichwillalsoincreaseinteractionamongstudents,andpeoplewillstarttousethekitchenmore.Thus,womanintheconversationisinfavorofthenew【阅读】 building改造完成，不仅增加了可以锁东西的储物柜lockers，增加了更多供音乐系 生练习乐器的房间【听力】男学生√1.更加方便，不用carryinstrumentbackandforth。淋雨或什么的会损坏乐器；2.现在只能在dorm练习，现在有练习房，不会影响别人休息了。.【SampleAnswerTheuniversityhasrenovateditsmusicbuildingandtheman.【SampleAnswerTheuniversityhasrenovateditsmusicbuildingandthemantheconversationisinofthisnewchange.First,intherenovatedmusicbuilding,therearenowlockerstostudentsandthemanfindsthelockersconvenientbecausestudentswon^havecarrytheirmusicalinstrumentsbackandforthtothemusicbuilding,whichalsotheriskofdamagingtheirmusicalinstrumentsontheirwaytothemusicSecond,therearemoreroomsinthemusicbuildingformusicstudentstopracticethemanalsolikesthisupgrade.Inthepast,studentswereonlyabletopracticetheirmusicalinstrumentsintheirdormrooms,whichcoulddisturbotherstudents.withmorepracticeroomsinthemusicbuilding,musicstudentscouldpracticewithoutworryingdisturbingotherpeople.Forthesereasons,themaninthesupportsthis【阅读】学生写建议信给学校，标题：Nolaptopinclass，建议schoolshouldallowlaptopintheclass(1distractsotherpeople’sminds，而且好多人不是用来作笔记，而是在玩；（2notescanbewrittendownwithpensand【听力】学生×1.因为电脑而不专心，那是那个学生的problem，我们都是adults，在大学里不光要学课程，也要学习如何concentrate，而学生应该有权利tochoose是不是要听讲，只要在课上donotdisturbothers2ItisnotfairSomestudentslikeme，typingisfasterthanwriting.如果不让用电脑了，笔记就记得没有以前那么全了。【SampleAnswer.Astudenthaswrittenaletterproposingthattheuniversityshouldforbidlaptopsinandthe.Astudenthaswrittenaletterproposingthattheuniversityshouldforbidlaptopsinandthestudentintheconversationdisagreeswiththisproposal.First,accordingtostudentintheletter,alotofstudentsaredoingsomethingelseontheirlaptopsthantakingnotesofthelecture,whichisadistractionforotherstudentswhoaretryingconcentrateinclass.Thestudentintheconversation,ontheotherhand,arguesthatifspersonalchoicewhetherastudentconcentratesinclasssinceeveryonehereisanAslongastheyarenotdisturbingotherstudents,theyhavetherighttodowhateverwantontheirlaptops.Inaddition,thestudentintheletterbelievesthatlecturenotesbejotteddownwithjustpapersandpens,whichmeansbringingalaptoptoclassunnecessary.However,thestudentintheconversationfindsthisproposalunfairlikehimself,alotofstudentstypefasterthantheywrite.Therefore,thestudentinconversationopposesthe【阅读】学生写信限制诗歌课的人员数量，控制在15（1)可以让学生能够更多getfeedbackfromprofessor2)控制的方式可通过选TOP15的学生，被选出的学生一般都是对课程【听力】女生√ 这样可以保证上课的品质，下学期会有更多学生选这门课。【SampleAnswerAstudenthaswrittenalettersuggestingthattheuniversityshouldlimitthenumberenrolledstudentsinthepoetryclassandthewomanintheconversationagreeswithproposal.First,thestudentintheletterbelievesthatstudentsinasmallerclasscanmorefeedbackfromtheprofessor.Thewomanintheconversationalsosupportsbecauseinthepastwhenthereweremorepeopleintheclass,itwasdifficulttogetpersonalattentionstudentsneeded.Withfewerpeopleintheclass,studentswillhave.opportunitytolearnbetterandthequalityoftheclasswillimprove..opportunitytolearnbetterandthequalityoftheclasswillimprove.Inaddition,studentintheletterproposesthattheuniversityenrollthebestfifteenstudentswhoreallyseriousaboutthepoetryclasstoensurebestlearningresults.Thewomaninconversationfindsthisideahelpfulbecausetherewillbemorecompetitioninthisamongstudentswhocareaboutandwanttodowellinthisclass.Therefore,thewomaninfavorofthestudent’s【阅读】关于Fineartdepartment的一条announcement，一个plan，要让学校fineartdepartment的学生给小学生上美术技巧的课。这样不但利于小孩子，在经费不足的情况仍然有可能接触艺术，同时对学生也有好处。【听力】男学生√1.他小时候在很小的elementaryschool，而他小时候特别想上art课，小学没有足够资金请老师来开课，没有这个机会，他要makesure别人有这个机会； 然后他觉得这样也可以为工作积累经验，利于将来的职业发展，他正在上关于education的课。【SampleAnswerTheFineArtsDepartmenthasannouncedthattheyaregoingtorequiretheirstudentsgiveclassestoelementaryschoolstudentsandthemanintheconversationisaboutthisnewplan.First,accordingtotheuniversity,asthebudgetatlocalschoolsislimited,theprogramwillgiveinterestedelementaryschoolstudentsopportunitytolearnart.Themanintheconversationagreeswiththisbecausehewantedtotakeartclasseswhenhewasinelementaryschoolbutcouldnotduetothethattheschooldidnothaveenoughfundstohireanymoreteachers.Secondly,departmentalsoclaimsthatthisprojectwillbenefitstudentsinthedepartmentin.ofaccumulatingtheirworkexperiencebeforetheyenterthejobmarket.The.ofaccumulatingtheirworkexperiencebeforetheyenterthejobmarket.Themaninconversationalsofindsitagoodideabecausehe’sbeentakingclassesoneducationThisprogramwillallowhimtoputtheoriesintopracticeandmakehimmorewhenhebeginshiscareer.Therefore,themansupportsthenew【阅读】学校发通知（announcement)，因为使用健身馆（gym)的人数减少，决定gym做出两项调整(2changestotheuniversity’sgym(1)增加一些新的设施(equipment)，比如自行车（bicycle)；(2)延长gym晚上的开馆时间。【听力】男生√1.他以前常去，后来不去gym了，因为很多人排队等着用锻炼equipment时间太长所以notworthgoing了，现在增加了equipment就好多了；2.很多学生haveabusydayhavingclassesanddoinghomework，他们只有晚上完成作业之后才能去，所以延长时间很好。【SampleAnswerTheuniversityhasmadeaplantoincreasethenumberofusersatthegymandtheintheconversationsupportsthenewplanverymuch.Firstofall,therewillbeequipmentsuchasbicyclesinstalledinthegym.Themanlikethisideabecausehetogotothegymveryoften,buthethoughtitwasn’tworthgoinganymorebecausewerealwaysmanypeopleliningupwaitingtousetheequipment.Withnewadded,hebelievesthesituationwillbemuchbetterthanbefore.Secondly,theisgoingtoextendtheopeninghours.Themanintheconversationalsoagreeswithnewchangebecausehethinksthatmanystudentsarebusywiththeirclasseshomeworkduringtheday.Theycanonlygotothegymlateatnightwhentheytheirhomeworkoraredonewiththeirstudies;extendingtheopeninghours.definitelyattractmorestudentslikethistousethegym.Therefore,theman.definitelyattractmorestudentslikethistousethegym.Therefore,themaninconversationisinfavorofthenew【阅读】图书馆借书效率太低，学生写了一封信提议学校Improvelibrary，集中两个方面，一个是增加可以查书的计算机；另一个是 faculties，增加更多的checkoutcounter【听力】男生√1.很多学生在图书馆发邮件做research，要排队才能用上计算机lookup2.这些faculties都是学生可以增加工作机会。【SampleAnswerAstudenthaswrittenalettersuggestingthattheuniversityshouldimprovethecheck-outrateattheuniversitylibraryandthemanintheconversationagreeswithstudent’sproposal.First,thestudentintheletterthinksthattheuniversityshouldmorecomputersatthelibraryforstudentstolookupinformationandbooks.Themantheconversationlikesthissuggestionbecausetherearealwaysmanystudentsusingcomputerssendingemailsordoingresearch;studentswhowouldliketolookupbooksusuallyhavetowaitforalongtimebeforetheycanusethosecomputers.addition,thestudentintheletterproposesthattheuniversityshouldhireadditionalatthelibraryandincreasethenumberofcheck-outcounterstomakethingsconvenientforlibraryusers.Themanintheconversationalsofindsitagreatideaforthestudents.Hethinksthatstudentswillnowhavemorejobopportunitiesonsincemostoftheemployeesatthelibraryarestudents.Therefore,themanisinfavorthe.【阅读】学校宣布成立artsdub，对成员要求不高（lessdemanding)，而且博物馆门票半价。【听力】男学生√1.他本身学化学课很重，但是这艺术CLUB让他无负担，加上他从小就爱艺术，可以.【阅读】学校宣布成立artsdub，对成员要求不高（lessdemanding)，而且博物馆门票半价。【听力】男学生√1.他本身学化学课很重，但是这艺术CLUB让他无负担，加上他从小就爱艺术，可以2.门票半价，这艺术CLUB可以让同学省下很多去艺术博物馆的钱。【SampleAnswerTheuniversityhasannouncedthattherewillbeanewartscluboncampusandtheintheconversationsupportsthisnewpolicy.First,theuniversityisgoingtomakeclublessdemandingforallthememberssincetheywanttoencouragestudentscultivatetheirtasteinarts.Thestudentintheconversationlikesthisideabecauseinpast,hehadalwayswantedtojointheartsclubbutcouldnotduetotheheavyatthechemistrydepartment.Withalowerthreshold,he’llbeabletoenjoyartsagainrelaxhimselffromallthestressrelatedtohisstudies.Inaddition,accordingtouniversity,therewillbeafiftypercentdiscountontheentryfeetoalocalartmuseumallthemembersattheclub.Themanisalsoveryexcitedaboutthisbecausethiscanstudentsalotofmoneyfromtheirvisitstotheartmuseum.Forthesereasons,themantheconversationislookingforwardtojoiningthenewlyestablishedarts【阅读】学校通知，学生要在开学5周以后才能申请换宿舍。【听力】男生√.1.因为这样可以确保足够的房间并且合理进行安排； 因为每次新学期一开学，很多人因为要和朋友搬的近一点之类的原因换宿舍，所以刚开学那一阵子总是很吵，而在 .1.因为这样可以确保足够的房间并且合理进行安排； 因为每次新学期一开学，很多人因为要和朋友搬的近一点之类的原因换宿舍，所以刚开学那一阵子总是很吵，而在 周内有重要的事情做。这样有助于维持环稳定等等。【SampleAnswerTheuniversityhasannouncedanewpolicythatstudentsaren’tallowedtofileapplicationtochangetheirdormroomsuntilthefifthweekofthesemester,andtheintheconversationagreeswiththenewFirst,theuniversityexplainsthatthenewpolicywillgivethemsufficienttimetoappropriatelivingarrangementforalltheresidents.Themanfindsitagoodideanowstudentswon’thavetoworryaboutnotbeingabletohavearoomafterapplicationorbeingassignedtoalessideallivingarrangement.Second,accordingtouniversity,thenewpolicywillmakethedormabetterenvironmentforstudentstoliveandstudy.Themanalsosupportsthisbecausestudentstendtohavealotofthingstoinadditiontofilingapplicationsatthebeginningofthesemester,whichcreatesalotchaosandnoiseatthedorm.Thenewpolicywillmakethedormaquieterplace.thesereasons,themanisinfavorofthenew.Task【名词解释】constractionofquality。动物通过动作表现自己比较彪悍，以逃避天敌【教授举例】羚羊跳很高来展示自己很有活力，避免野狗来抓它们。Deimaticpostureinanimals.Task【名词解释】constractionofquality。动物通过动作表现自己比较彪悍，以逃避天敌【教授举例】羚羊跳很高来展示自己很有活力，避免野狗来抓它们。Deimaticpostureinanimalsmeansanypatternofthreateningorbehavior,suchassuddenlydisplayingconspicuouseyespotsorcolors,soastoscareofformomentarilydistractapredator,thusgivingpreyanimalanopportunitytoescape.Amongthemammals,displaysarefoundinspecieswithstrongdefenses,suchasskunksandskunk臭鼬；quill箭豬【SampleAnswerDeimaticposturedescribesthephenomenonthatsomeanimalswouldfrighteningchangesintheirappearanceorbehaviortoscareawaytheirpredators.professorusestheexampleofspringboktoshowhowtheirspecialjumpscanbluffpredatorsawayandcreateanopportunityforthemselvestoescapefromasituation.Springbokusuallydotheirspecialjumpswhentheyarescared.springbokpronk,theycanjumpashighasthreepointfivemeters.Itismeanttotheirpredatorstogoafterotherweakeranimals.Alsowhenspringbokjump,theyaspecialhormonesothattheirpredatorscanchaseafterthesmell.Thisgivesspringbokchancetorunawayfromtheir.【名词解释】bias，大概就是人以为资讯越多就越有把握，结果等资讯等的机会没了。【教授举例】几年前教授要找个研究助理，第一个人很好，但是他没立即要，萌是继续面试一星期人，最后决定要第一个，打电话一问，那个人已经跟别的教授了。【SampleAnswerPeopleneedinformationtomakedecisions,however,.【名词解释】bias，大概就是人以为资讯越多就越有把握，结果等资讯等的机会没了。【教授举例】几年前教授要找个研究助理，第一个人很好，但是他没立即要，萌是继续面试一星期人，最后决定要第一个，打电话一问，那个人已经跟别的教授了。【SampleAnswerPeopleneedinformationtomakedecisions,however,sometimespeoplegotoofarthisopinion,andthustheybelievemoreinformationisalwaysbetter.Thiskindopinioniscalledinformationbias.However,whenpeopleareaddictedtoinformation,thedecisionmightbenolongerneeded.Theprofessorstatesanexampleillustratethisidea.Severalyearsago,hetriedtofindaresearchassistantforaprojectheinterviewedsomecandidates.ThefirstonewasquiteimpressivewithrichagreatknowledgeandadegreeinrelatedTheprofessorlikedhim.However,insteadofferingthefirstcandidatetheimmediately,theprofessorkeptoninterviewingothers.Afteroneweek,hecouldnotanyoneelsemoresatisfactorythanthefirstcandidate,therefore,hecalledthefirstandofferedhimthejob.Atthattime,thefirstcandidatealreadyacceptedanotherAsaresult,theprofessorneededtofindsomeoneelsewhowaslessqualifiedfor【名词解释】一个心理现象，outcomedependency如果说一个人觉得另一个人有用的话，或者说对那个人的成功有帮助的话，会有比较好的印象（peoplewillabetterimpressiononsomeonewhohelpsthemtoachievetheirgoal.peopleknowthatapersonispartofyourteam,thenpeoplefavorto.【教授举例】说卖officeequipment的公司，salesgroups。他们的奖金bonussales有很大的关系。Twogroupswereshowed.【教授举例】说卖officeequipment的公司，salesgroups。他们的奖金bonussales有很大的关系。Twogroupswereshowedthesamevideo关于一个person workexperience，第一组人就直接看了，看完以后实验的人问他们么感想?他们什么感想也没有，对那个人没印象。第二组的人看完以后比 focuspersonality并且describethecharacterasalikableperson，都觉得这个人很qualified,willbeanexcellentsales【SampleAnswerOutcomedependencydescribesatendencyinhumanbehaviortofavorpeoplewhothepotentialtohelpussucceedinourgoalsothatwecanhavemoreconfidenceachievingourgoal.Theprofessorinthelecturetalksaboutanexperimenttoshowoutcomedependencyworksonus.Theyshowedavideoofasalespersontotwogroupsatanofficeequipmentsupplycompany.ThefirstgroupwasformedbyfromtheoperationsdepartmentandthesecondonewasbysalespeopleattheAsaresult,peopleinthefirstgroupfeltindifferenttothemaninthevideowhileinthesecondgroupfindthepersoninthevideolikeableandveryqualified.Theshowsthatthesalesteamprefersthesalespersoninthevideobecausehemighthelpteamachievetheir【名词解释】医学研究的diffusioneffect:就说做实验的时候实验组和对比组的人contact了。【教授举例】研究人们天天坐在buildingtired什么的，给他们分成AB两组，A组的人能做一些newexercise，几周以后A组的人说exercise特好，被B组的.听见了，B组的就也去做了，所以实验没法做了。【SampleAnswerTheterm“diffusioneffects”referstoaphenomenoninmedicalresearchthat.听见了，B组的就也去做了，所以实验没法做了。【SampleAnswerTheterm“diffusioneffects”referstoaphenomenoninmedicalresearchthatifoftheexperimentalgroupshareinformationrelatedtotheexperimentwithmembersthecontrolgroup,theresultoftheexperimentwouldbecomeuselessandtheobjectiveswouldbedefeated.Theprofessorinthelectureusesanexampleofaexperimentinanofficeenvironmenttoreduceemployees’tirednessatwork.Atpointoftheexperiment,membersoftheexperimentalgrouptoldmembersofthegroupthattheyweredoingsomestretchingexerciseatworkandhowtheexercisebenefittingthem.Asaresult,peopleinthecontrolgroupstartedtoengageinstretchingexerciseatworkandtheresultsoftheexperimentbecameThereforeitiscrucialtomanagediffusioneffectstoensurethesuccessofan【名词解释】机会主义者。植物界有这样一种，当一块地方的植物被不知道什么原因消灭的时候，这种机会主义植物就会赶紧占领这片地方。但是当人家本来的植物长回来的时候，这个机会主义植物又竞争不过人家，只好慢慢消失。【教授举例】牛吃草。【SampleAnswerOpportunisticspeciesofplantsareadaptedtoinvadenewlyavailablehabitatsquicklysurvival.However,theydonothavetheabilitytocompetewiththeoriginalspeciesforresourcessoiffeeoriginaloccupyingspeciesreturntothisopportunisticspecieswouldgraduallydieoutfromthehabitat.Theprofessorinlectureusestheexampleofnutgrasstoshowhowopportunisticspeciesstillvaluestotheecologicalsystem.Nutgrassisconsideredopportunisticanddifficult.removebecauseoftheirwidespreadrootsystem.Yetnutgrassis.removebecauseoftheirwidespreadrootsystem.Yetnutgrassisrichinnutritionandgreatsourceoffoodforcattle.Asaresult,alotofsouthernstatesintheU.S.growgrasscommerciallyinordertofeed【名词解释】文章提出一种商业竞争策略（ brands)，即，大公司为了抗衡小公司的廉价同类商品，推出二线品牌抢占市场份额。【教授举例】大公 A生产数位相机，口碑很好，大家都乐意买；小公司也跟着产山寨数位相机，便宜很多，大家觉得这也是个不错的deal。大公司A为了保住市场占有率，推出了一个二线品牌数位相机，价钱便宜，质量一般，但因为公 A名，大家都转去买公司A的二线品牌，小公司B只好停产了。【SampleAnswerAfightingbrandisalower-pricedofferinglaunchedbyanestablishedcompanyintocompetewithsmallercompaniesthataretryingtounder-pricethecompany.TheprofessorusesanexampleoftwodigitalcameramanufacturerstohowasuccessfulfightingbrandcandefeatitscompetitorsorevenopenupanewCompanyAwasanestablisheddigitalcameramanufactureranditwasconfrontedcompetitionfromCompanyBthatwassellingdigitalcamerasofsimilarqualityataprice,companythenlaunchedanewfightingbrandofcheaperdigitalcamerasordinaryqualityinresponsetothecompetition.Asaresult,becauseconsumersarefamiliarwithCompanyA’sestablishedreputation,theybegantobuythisnewbrandandCompanyBhadtodiscontinuetheir.【名词解释】risk。一个产品在消费者心中产生了心里上的危险，这个针对信仰（personalbelief)是违背的，这需要去了解人们的risk去做广告才能达到更好效果。【教授举例】说某个公司卖一辆sportystylecar，打的广告是这车能跑很快很快，.【名词解释】risk。一个产品在消费者心中产生了心里上的危险，这个针对信仰（personalbelief)是违背的，这需要去了解人们的risk去做广告才能达到更好效果。【教授举例】说某个公司卖一辆sportystylecar，打的广告是这车能跑很快很快，但后来发现些人由于担心这车对环境污染严重，所以不想买。实际上呢，这车还是很环保的。公司发现这情况后赶紧修改了广告，说这个车省油，着重突出这车的 friendly，最终导致车子卖的更多了。【SampleAnswerTheterm“psychologicalrisk”referstoasituationwhereconsumersareconcernedthatproductmightnotfittheirpersonalbelief.Thiswouldcauseconsumerstoholdbackdecisiontopurchasetheproduct.Theprofessorusesanexampleofasportsmanufacturertoshowhowunderstandingconsumers’psychologicalriskisableachievedesiredresultsthroughadvertisements.ABCCompanywasadvertisingacarwithanemphasisonhowfastthecarcouldrun.However,consumerswerethatthecarmightpollutetheenvironmentandthusalotofpotentialbuyerswerebacktheirdecisiontopurchasethiscar.Afterfindingoutthispsychologicalrisk,companybegantoadvertisehowenvironmentallyfriendlythesportscaractuallywas.aresult,thesalesofthecar【名词解释】 一个全新的产品，第一家公司做广告之后，第二家司过段时间follow，出一款类似的产品，有一些变化，但是本质没有变，效益比第一家的好这种现象。.【教授举例】有一款游戏videogame，要用到手柄操作。一个公司创新推出新产品，可以Bodycontrol的，只要移动身体就行，比如打baseball，人就手臂摆出的动作就好了。此游.【教授举例】有一款游戏videogame，要用到手柄操作。一个公司创新推出新产品，可以Bodycontrol的，只要移动身体就行，比如打baseball，人就手臂摆出的动作就好了。此游戏一出，市场反应好，马上就有公 fastfollowing，也推出一样的游戏，只不过improve了他们的graphicquality。所以，顾客更多的买第二个公司出的产品了。补充材料：”FastFollow”isa