2006上海英语中级口译真题

PAGEPAGE42006年9月中级口译真题PartA:SpotDictationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.RememberyouwillhearthepassageONLYONCE.Britishpeoplearefarmoresophisticatedaboutbeveragesthantheywere50yearsago.WitnesstheStarbucksrevolutionandyou'llknowwhere___________（1）goes.However,spurredonbyrecentstudiessuggestingthatitcancuttheriskof___________（2）andretardtheagingprocess,teaisenjoyinga___________（3）.Althoughteaisavailableinmoreplacesthanever,itremainstobe_____________（4）ofatypicalBritishfamily.IfyouareinvitedtoanEnglishhome,_____________（5）inthemorningyougetacupoftea.Itiseitherbroughtinbyaheartily_____________（6）oranalmostmalevolentlysilentmaid.Whenyouare_____________（7）inyoursweetestmorningsleepyoumustnotsay:'Goaway,you_____________（8）.’Onthecontrary,youhavetodeclarewithyourbestfiveo'clocksmile:'Thankyouverymuch.I_____________（9）acupoftea,especiallyinthemorning.'Iftheyleaveyoualonewiththeliquidyoumaypourit_____________（10）!Thenyouhave___________（11）;thenyouhaveteaat11o'clockinthemorning;_____________（12）;thenyouhaveteafortea;thenaftersupper;andagainateleveno'clock_____________（13）.Youmustnotrefuseanyadditionalcupsofteaunderthe_____________（14）:ifitishot;ifitiscold;ifyouare_____________（15）;ifyouarenervous;ifyouarewatchingTV;_____________（16）;ifyouhavejustreturnedhome;ifyoufeellikeit;ifyoudonotfeellikeit;ifyouhavehadnotea______________（17）;ifyouhavejusthadacup.Youdefinitelymustnot______________（18）.Isleepatfiveo'clockinthemorning;Ihavecoffeeforbreakfast;Idrinkinnumerable_____________（19）duringtheday;Ihavethe_____________（20）evenattea-time!PartB:ListeningComprehension1.StatementsDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshortstatements.ThesestatementswillbespokenONLYONCE,andyouwillnotfindthemwrittenonthepaper;soyoumustlistencarefully.Whenyouhearastatement,readtheanswerchoicesanddecidewhichoneisclosestinmeaningtothestatementyouhaveheard.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.1.（A）TheprogramonChannelEightremindsmeofTVcommercials.（B）TheproductadvertisedintheTVcommercialcannothelpcuremyillness.（C）Idon'twatchTVthatmuch,becauseoftheomnipresentadvertisements.（D）Ihavetositonthesofa,becauseIamtoosicktostandinfrontofthetelevision.2.（A）Theplanearrivedat7:30.（B）Theplanearrivedat8:00.（C）Theplanearrivedat9:00.（D）Theplanearrivedat10:00.3.（A）I'llasksomeoneelsetoreadandcheckthisagreementforerrors.（B）I'llthinkmoreabouttheagreementbeforemakingadecision.（C）It'sobviousthatI'lldiscusstheagreementwithmyassistantfirst.（D）It'soutofquestionthatIshouldgetintoanyagreementwithyou.4.（A）Thebettermembersdecidedtocancelthemeeting.（B）Lessthanhalfofthecommitteewasawayonbusinesstrips.（C）It'dbebetterifnoonehadattendedthismorning'scommitteemeeting……（D）Themeetingwascancelledbecauseoflowattendance.5.（A）Supermarketsintheinnercityandthesuburbsareusuallyownedbythesamecompany.（B）Productsingrocerystoresaremoreexpensivethanthoseinsupermarkets.（C）Thereisapricedifferenceforthesameproducteveninshopsrunbythesamecompany.（D）Peopleprefertoshopinsupermarkets,whicharemostlylocatedinthesuburbs,withfreeparkingspace.6.（A）ManyAmericanscannotaffordhighereducationbecauseofthesoaringcollegetuitionfeesandexpenses.（B）SendingtheirchildrentocollegeisnolongerabiggerchallengeformillionsofAmericans.（C）TheAmericangovernmenthassetthegoalthatitwilleventuallystopfundinghighereducationinstitutions.（D）Nowadays,Americanparentshavetopaymoretosendtheirchildrentocollege.7.（A）Formanyuniversitygraduates,thejobstheytakewillnotberelatedtotheiracademicachievements.（B）Becauseofeconomicrecession,thenumberofuniversitystudentsmajoringinliberalartsisdeclining.（C）Universitystudentswhoareinterestedinliberalartswillhavemorejobopportunitiesupongraduation.（D）Withhighunemploymentrate,manyuniversitystudentswillhavetooptfortransferringtoothermajors.8.（A）Goodbusinessnegotiatorswillneverrepeatwhatotherpeoplehavealreadyrestated.（B）Restatingbygoodbusinessnegotiatorsisnotaneffectivewaytochecktheinformation.（C）Goodbusinessnegotiatorsaresometimescuriousaboutotherpeople'srestatements.（D）Restatingwhatothershavesaidisagoodstrategyforconfirmingunderstanding.9.（A）Wecannotreachanagreement,letaloneaspokenpromise.（B）We'dbetterdraftandthensignawrittenagreement.（C）Wegenerallykeepourpromisesinbusinesstransactions.（D）Wehopeyouunderstandwhyweareunabletokeepourpromises.10.（A）Idon'tthinkyouhavemoretosayonthattopic.（B）Ithinkwe'dbettertalkaboutthatindetailsometimelater.（C）Iamtrulyappreciativeifyoucanelaborateonthattopicafterlunch.（D）Iambusyrightnow,sowemightaswelldiscussitoverlunchtoday.2.TalksandConversations（C）Withitssleevesastrouserlegs.（D）Withitspatternupsidedown.22.（A）AV-neckedpulloverwithshortsleeves.（B）Ahigh-neckedpulloverwithlongsleeves.（C）Awhitepulloverwithapattern.（D）Abluepulloverwithahighneck.Questions23-2623.（A）Thatofacreator.（B）Thatofare-creator.（C）Thatofareceiver.（D）Thatofaperformer.24.（A）Becauseweneedtoconcentrateforourquietthought.（B）Becausewewanttogivefullattentiontothedriving.（C）Becausewetrytoavoidbeingcaughtbythepatrollingpolice.（D）Becauseweintendtobeascasualaspossibleinthedriving.25.（A）Intheelevator.（B）Inthecar.（C）Inthebathroom.（D）Inthechurch.26.（A）Byperceptiveandanalyticallistening.（B）Bytakingasonicbath.（C）Byattendingclassicalconcerts.（D）Bylisteningtoanemotionalpieceofmusic.Questions27-3027.（A）Hisgrandfather'shouse.（B）Hisparents'remarks.（C）Amagazine.（D）Acoursebook.28.（A）Enjoyingvisitingzoos.（B）Drivingacar.（C）Makingmoney.（D）Takingkidstoamuseum.29.（A）Itdiedafewyearsago.（B）Itkilledseveraltourists.（C）Itisonlyalegend.（D）Itisalivingdinosaur.30.（A）Noonehasprovidedanaccuratedescriptionoftheanimal.（B）Nodeadbodiesoftheanimalhaveeverbeenfound.（C）Thereareonly500specieslivinginLochNess.（D）Thelakeisnotdeepenoughforsuchahugeanimal.PartC:ListeningandTranslation1.SentenceTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear5sentencesinEnglish.YouwillhearthesentencesONLYONCE.Afteryouhaveheardeachsentence,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）2.PassageTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear2passagesinEnglish.YouwillhearthepassagesONLYONCE.Afteryouhaveheardeachpassage,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Youmaytakenoteswhileyouarelistening.（1）（2SECTION2:STUDYSKILLS（45minutes）Directions:Inthissection,youwillreadseveralpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsbasedonitscontent.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,（A）,（B）,（C）or（D）,toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions1-5ThepurposeoftheAmericancourtsystemistoprotecttherightsofthepeople.AccordingtoAmericanlaw,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsideredinnocentuntilthecourtprovesthatthepersonisguilty.Inotherwords,itistheresponsibilityofthecourttoprovethatapersonisguilty.Itisnottheresponsibilityofthepersontoprovethatheorsheisinnocent.Inordertoarrestaperson,thepolicehavetobereasonablysurethatacrimehasbeencommitted.Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonswhytheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.Thenthepolicetakethesuspecttothepolicestationto"book"him."Bookingmeansthatthenameofthepersonandthechargesagainsthimareformallylistedatthepolicestation.Thenextstepisforthesuspecttogobeforeajudge.Thejudgedecideswhetherthesuspectshouldbekeptinjailorreleased.Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourtratherthanrunaway-forexample,becauseheownsahouseandhasafamily-hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail.Atthistime,too,thejudgewillappointacourtlayertodefendthesuspectifhecan'taffordone.Thesuspectreturnstocourtaweekortwolater.Alawyerfromthedistrictattorney'sofficepresentsacaseagainstthesuspect.Thisiscalledahearing.Theattorneymaypresentevidenceaswellaswitnesses.Thejudgeatthehearingthendecideswhetherthereisenoughreasontoholdatrial.Ifthejudgedecidesthatthereissufficientevidencetocallforatrial,heorshesetsadateforthesuspecttoappearincourttoformallypleadguiltyornotguilty.Atthetrial,ajuryof12peoplelistenstotheevidencefrombothattorneysandhearsthetestimonyofthewitnesses.Thenthejurygoesintoaprivateroomtoconsidertheevidenceanddecidewhetherthedefendantisguiltyofthecrime.Ifthejurydecidesthatthedefendantisinnocent,hegoesfree.However,ifheisconvicted,thejudgesetsadateforthedefendanttoappearincourtagainforsentencing.Atthistime,thejudgetellstheconvictedpersonwhathispunishmentwillbe.Thejudgemaysentencehimtoprison,orderhimtopayafine,orplacehimonprobation.TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycomplexandsometimesoperatesslowly.However,everystepisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.Theseindividualrightsarethebasis,orfoundation,oftheAmericangovernment.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?（A）TheAmericancourtsystemrequiresthatasuspectprovethatheorsheisinnocent.（B）TheUScourtsystemisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.（C）UndertheAmericancourtsystem,judgedecidesifasuspectisinnocentorguilty.（D）TheUScourtsystemisdesignedtohelpthepolicepresentacaseagainstthesuspect.2.Whatfollows'inotherwords'（para.1）?（A）Anexampleoftheprevioussentence.（B）Anewideaaboutthecourtsystem.（C）Anitemofevidencetocallforatrial.（D）Arestatementoftheprevioussentence.3.Accordingtothepassage,'hecangofree'（para.3）means_________.（A）thesuspectisfreetochoosealawyertodefendhim（B）thesuspectdoesnothavetogototrialbecausethejudgehasdecidedheisinnocent（C）thesuspectwillbeinformedbymailwhetherheisinnocentornot（D）thesuspectdoesnothavetowaitinjailorpaymoneyuntilhegoestotrial4.Whatisthepurposeofhavingthesuspectpaybail?（A）Topayforthejudgeandthetrial.（B）Topayforacourtlawyertodefendthesuspect.（C）Toensurethatthesuspectwillreturntocourt.（D）Toensurethatthesuspectwillappearinprison.5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?（A）TheAmericanjusticesystemsometimesoperatesslowly.（B）Thepolicecanarrestasuspectwithoutgivinganyreasons.（C）Itistheresponsibilityofthesuspecttoproveheisinnocent.（D）Thejuryconsiderstheevidenceinthecourtroom.Questions6-10Soyou'vegotaninvention-youandaround39,000otherseachyear,accordingto2002statistics!The64,000-dollarquestion,ifyouhavecomeupwithadevicewhichyoubelievetobetheanswertotheenergycrisisoryou'veinventedalawnmowerwhichcutsgrasswithajetofwater（notsodaft,someonehasinventedone）,ishowtoensureyou'retheonetoreaptherewardsofyouringenuity.Howwillallyougardenshedboffinsouttherekeepothersfromcapitalizingonyourideasandliningtheirpocketsatyourexpense?Oneofthefirststepstoprotectyourinterestistopatentyourinvention.Thatcankeepitoutofthegraspofthepiratesforatleastthenext20years.Andforthisreasoninventorsintheirdrovesbeataconstanttrailfromalloverthecountrytothedoorsofananonymousgrey-frontedbuildingjustbehindLondon'sHolborntotryandpatenttheirdevices.ThebuildinghousesthePatentOffice.It'sanantheapofcorridors,officesandfilingrooms-asortinghouseandstoragedepotforoneoftheworld'sbiggestandmostvariedcollectionsoftechnicaldata.Sometenmillionpatents-Englishandforeign-arelistedthere.Fileafterfile,catalogueaftercataloguedetailthebrain-childrenofinventorsdownthecenturies,froma1600'smachinegundesignedtofiresquarebulletsatinfidelsandroundonesatChristians,topresent-daylaser,nuclearandcomputertechnology.Thefirst'letterspatent'weregrantedaslongagoas1449toaFlemishcraftsmanbythenameofJohnUtynam.Theletters,writteninLatin,arestillonfileattheoffice.TheyweregrantedbyKingHenryVIandentitledUtynamto'importintothiscountry'hisknowledgeofmakingstainedglasswindowsinordertoinstallsuchwindowsatEtonPresent-daypatentsprocedureisamoresophisticatedaffairthangettingago-aheadnotefromthemonarch.Thesedaysthestrictproceduresgoverningwhetheryougetapatentforyourrevolutionarymouse-traporsolar-poweredback-scratcherhavebeenreducedtoaprettyexactscience.Fromstarttofinishitwilltakearoundtwoandahalfyearsandcost￡165fortheinventortogainpatentprotectionforhisbrainchild.That'sifhe'slucky.BynomeansallwhoapplytothePatentOffice,whichisabranchoftheDepartmentofTrade,getapatent.AkeymanatthePatentOfficeisBernardPartridge,PrincipalExaminer（Administration）,whoboilsdowntoonewordthevitalingredientanyinventorneedsbeforehecanhopetoovercomethemanyhurdlesinthecomplexprocedureofobtainingapatent-'ingenuity'.6.Peopletakeoutapatentbecausetheywantto__________.（A）keeptheirideasfrombeingstolen（B）reaptherewardsofsomebodyelse'singenuity（C）visitthepatentofficebuilding（D）comeupwithmorenewdevices7.Thephrase'thebrain-childrenofinventors'（para.5）means_________.（A）thechildrenwithhighintelligence（B）theinventionsthatpeoplecomeupwith（C）adevicethatachildbelievestobetheanswertotheenergycrisis（D）alawnmowerthatanindividualhasinventedtocutgrass8.Whathavethe1600'smachinegunandthepresent-daylaserincommon?（A）Bothwereapprovedbythemonarch.（B）BothweregrantedbyKingHenryVI.（C）BothwererejectedbytheDepartmentofTrade.（D）Bothwerepatented.9.WhyisJohnUtynamstillremembered?（A）Heisthefirstpersontogetapatentforhisrevolutionarymouse-trap.（B）Heisthefirstpersontobegrantedanofficialpatent.（C）HeisthefirstpersontobeanofficerinthePatentOffice.（D）Heisthefirstpersontohaveinventedalawnmower.10.Accordingtothepassage,howwouldyoudescribethecomplexprocedureofobtainingapatentforaninvention?（A）Itisratherexpensive.（B）Itisanimpossibletask.（C）Itisextremelydifficult.（D）Itisverytricky.Questions11-15Alllivingcellsonearthrequiremoisturefortheirmetabolism.Cerealgrainswhenbroughtinfromthefield,althoughtheymayappeartobedry,maycontain20percentofmoistureormore.Iftheyarestoredinabinthus,thereissufficientmoistureinthemtosupportseveralvarietiesofinsects.Theseinsectswill,therefore,liveandbreedand,astheygrowandeatthegrain,itprovidesthemwithbiologicalenergyfortheirlifeprocesses.Thisenergywill,justasinman,becomemanifestasheat.Sincethebulkofthegrainactsasaninsulator,thetemperaturesurroundingthecolonyofinsectswillrisesothat,notonlyispartofthegrainspoiledbythedirectattackoftheinsectsbutmoremaybedamagedbytheheat.Sometimes,thetemperaturemayevenrisetothepointwherethestoredgraincatchesfire.Forsafestorage,grainmustbedrieduntilitsmoisturecontentis13percentorless.Traditionalartsoffoodpreservationtookadvantageofthisprincipleinanumberofways.Theplantseeds,wheat,rye,rice,barleymillet,maize,arethemselvesstructuresevolvedbynaturetoprovidestoredfood.Thestarchoftheirendospermisusedforthenourishmentoftheembryoduringthetimeitover-winters（ifitisaplantoftheTemperateZone）anduntilitsnewleaveshavegrownandtheirchlorophyllcantrapenergyfromthesunlighttonourishthenew-grownplant.Theseparationbythreshingandwinnowingis,therefore,tosomedegreepartofatechniqueoffoodpreservation.Thedirectdryingofotherfoodshasalsobeenused.FishhasbeendriedinmanypartsoftheworldbesidesAfrica.Slicesofdriedmeatarepreparedbynumerousraces.Biltong,aformofdriedmeat,wasacustomaryfoodfortravelers.Thedryingofmeatorfish,eitherinthesunoroverafire,quiteapartfromthedegreetowhichitexposesthefoodtoinfectionbybacteriaandinfestationbyinsects,tendsalsotoharmitsquality.Proteinsarecomplexmolecularstructureswhicharereadilydisrupted.Thisisthereasonwhydriedmeatbecomestoughandcan,withsomescientificjustification,bylikenedtoleather.Thetechnicalprocessofdryingfoodsindirectlybypicklingtheminthestrongsaltsolutionscommonlycalled'brine'doeslessharmtotheproteinthanstraightforwarddrying,particularlyifthisiscarriedoutathightemperatures.Itisforthisreasonthatmanyofthetypicaldryingprocessesarenottakentocompletion.Thatistosay,theouterpartsmaybedriedleavingamoistinnersection.Underthesecircumstances,preservationisonlypartial.Thedriedfoodkeepslongerthanitwouldhaveundriedbutitcannotbekeptindefinitely.Forthisreason,traditionalprocessesaretobefoundinmanypartsoftheworldinwhichacombinationofpartialdryingandpicklinginbrineisused.Quiteoftenthedryinginvolvesexposuretosmoke.Foodstreatedinthiswayare,besidesfishofvarioussorts,bacon,hamsandnumeroustypesofsausages.11.Accordingtothepassage,insectsspoilstoredcerealsby________.（A）consumingallthegrainthemselves（B）generatingheatandraisingthesurroundingtemperature（C）increasingthemoisturecontentinthegrain（D）attackingeachotherformoregrain12.Inspeakingofthetraditionalmethodsoffoodpreservation,thewriter________.（A）expressesdoubtsaboutdirectsmoking（B）describessaltingandpicklingasineffective（C）condemnsdirectdrying（D）mentionsthreshingandwinnowing13.Directdryingaffectsthequalityofmeatorfishbecause________.（A）itexposesthemtoinsects（B）itmakesthemhard（C）itdamagestheprotein（D）itdevelopsbacteria14.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatsaltingpreservesfoodby________.（A）destroyingtheprotein（B）drawingawaymoisturefromthefood（C）dryingthefoodinthesun（D）dressingthefood15.Accordingtothepassage,partialdryingisusefulbecause________.（A）itdamagestheproteinless（B）itcanbecombinedwithpickling（C）itleavestheinsidemoist（D）itmakesthefoodsoftQuestions16-20Wearemovinginexorablyintotheageofautomation.Ouraimisnottodeviseamechanismwhichcanperformathousanddifferentactionsofanyindividualmanbut,onthecontrary,onewhichcouldbyasingleactionreplaceathousandmen.Industrialautomationhasmovedalongthreelines.Firstthereistheconveyorbeltsystemofcontinuousproductionwherebyseparateoperationsarelinkedintoasinglesequence.Thegoodsproducedbythiswell-establishedmethodareuntouchedbytheworker,andthemachinereplacesbothunskilledandsemiskilled.Secondly,thereisautomationwithfeedbackcontrolofthequalityoftheproduct:heremechanismsarebuiltintothesystemwhichcancomparetheoutputwithanorm,thatis,theactualproductwithwhatitissupposedtobe,andthencorrectanyshortcomings.Theentirecycleofoperationsdispenseswithhumancontrolexceptinsofarasmonitorsareconcerned.Oneortwoexamplesofthistypeofautomationwillillustrateitsimmensepossibilities.ThereisafactoryintheU.S.A.whichmakes1,000millionelectriclightbulbsayear,andthefactoryemploysthreehundredpeople.Ifthepreautomationtechniquesweretobeemployed,thelabourforcerequiredwouldleapto25,000.Amotormanufacturingcompanywith45,000sparepartsregulatestheirentiresupplyentirelybycomputer.Computerscanbeentrustedwithmostofthesupervisionofindustrialinstallations,suchaschemicalplantsoroilrefineries.Thirdly,thereiscomputerautomation,forbanks,accountingdepartments,insurancecompaniesandthelike.Heretheessentialfeaturesaretherecording,storing,sortingandretrievalofinformation.Theprincipalmeritofmoderncomputingmachinesistheachievementoftheirvastlygreaterspeedofoperationbycomparisonwithunaidedhumaneffort;ataskwhichotherwisemighttakeyears,ifattemptedatall,nowtakesdaysorhours.Oneofthemosturgentproblemsofindustrialsocietiesrapidlyintroducingautomationishowtofillthetimethatwillbemadefreebythemachineswhichwilltakeoverthetasksoftheworkers.Thequestionisnotsimplyoffillingemptytimebutalsoofutilizingthesurplushumanenergythatwillbereleased.Wearealreadyseeingstrawsinthewind:destructiveoutburstsonthepartofyouthwhoseworknolongerdemandsmuscularstrength.Whileautomationwillundoubtedlydoawaywithalargenumberoftediousjobs,arewesurethatitwillnotputotherswhichareequallytediousintheirplace?Foranenormousamountofsheermonitoringwillberequired.Amaninanautomatedplantmayhavetositforhoursonandwatchingdialsandtakingdecisiveactionwhensomesignalinformshimthatallisnotwell.Whatmeaningwillhisoccupationbearfortheworker?Howwillhedevotehisfreetimeafterafourorfivehourstintoflabour?Moreover,what,indeed,willbethesignificanceforhimofhisleisure?Ifindustryofthefuturecouldbepurgedofitsmonotonyandmeaninglessness,manwouldthenbebetterequippedtousehisleisuretimeconstructively.16.Themainpurposeofautomationis_________.（A）todevisethemachinewhichcouldreplacethesemi-skilled（B）toprocessinformationasfastaspossible（C）todevelopanefficientlabor-savingmechanism（D）tomakeanindividualmanperformmanydifferentactions17.Thechiefbenefitofcomputingmachinesis________.（A）theirgreaterspeedofoperation（B）theircontroloftheproductquality（C）theirconveyorbeltsystemofcontinuousproduction（D）theirsupervisionofindustrialinstallations18.Oneoftheproblemsbroughtaboutbyautomationinindustrialsocietiesis_________.（A）plentyofinformation（B）surplushumanenergy（C）destructiveoutbursts（D）lessleisuretime19.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheuseof'stint'（para.4）?（A）Effort.（B）Force.（C）Excess.（D）Period.20.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?（A）Thereisnoautomationwithfeedbackcontrolofthequalityoftheproduct.（B）Computersarereliableinanysupervisionofindustrialinstallations.（C）Theessentialfeaturesforbanksaretherecordingandsortingofinformation.（D）Automationwillundoubtedlyeliminatenumeroustediousjobs.Questions21-25ThecitywaterpipesinRomewereusuallyofbakedclayorlead;copperwassometimesusedandalsohollowedstone.ForthelargesupplyconduitsleadingtothecitytheRomansusedcoveredchannelswithfreewatersurfaces,ratherthanpipes.Perhapsthischoicewasamatterofeconomics,forapparentlytheycouldmakeleadpipesupto15inchesindiameter.Whilepipescanfollowtheprofileofundulatingground,withthepressureincreasinginthelowerareas,channelscannot.Theymustslopecontinuouslydownwards,becausewaterinchannelsdoesnotnormallyflowuphill;andthegrademustbeflat,from1in60insmallchannelstoperhaps1in3,000inlargeones,tokeepthewaterspeeddowntoafewfeetpersecond.Thusthemainsupplychannelsoraqueductshadlonglengthsofflatgradeandwheretheycrosseddepressionsorvalleystheywerecarriedonelevatedstonebridgesintheformoftieredarches.AtthebeginningoftheChristianeratherewereover30milesoftheseraisedaqueductsinthe250milesofchannelsandtunnelsbringingwatertoRome.Thechannelswereupto6feetwideand5to8feethigh.Sometimeschannelswerelateraddedonthetopsofexistingones.TheremainsofsomeoftheseaqueductsstillgracetheskylineontheoutskirtsofRomeandelsewhereinEuropesimilarruinsarefound.BrickandstonedrainswereconstructedinvariouspartsofRome.TheoldestexistingoneistheCloacaMaximawhichfollowsthecourseofanoldstream.ItdatesbackatleasttothethirdcenturyB.C.Laterthedrainswereusedforsewage,flushedbywaterfromthepublicbathsandfountains,aswellasstreetstormrun-off.Thetrulysurprisingaspectoftheachievementsofalltheancienthydraulicartisansisthelackoftheoreticalknowledgebehindtheirdesigns.ApartfromthehydrostaticsofArchimedes,therewasnosoundunderstandingofthemostelementaryprinciplesoffluidbehaviour.SextusFrontinus,Rome'swatercommissioneraroundA.D.100,didnotfullyrealizethatinordertocalculatethevolumerateofflowinachannelitisnecessarytoallowforthespeedoftheflowaswellastheareaofcross-section.TheRomans'flowstandardwastherateatwhich