2021-2022学年福建省南平市高三（上）月考英语试卷（10月份）（附答案详解）

2021-2022学年福建省南平市高三（上）月考英语试卷（10

月份）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）

A

WelcometoSimon'sRockWritingWorkshop（研习班）Aboutit

In1983,Simon'sRockofBardCollegebeganofferingathree-weekwritingworkshopforhigh

schoolstudents.ltisnowpartoftheNationalWritingandThinkingNetwork,thelargest

associationofsummerwritingprogramsandcampsinthecountry.Formerparticipantshave

goneontocollegeslikeAmherst,Harvard,Kenyon,PrincetonandYale.

Aboutitsstaff

Thestaffareskilledteachersandwriterswithaspecialinterestinthetheoryandpracticeofthe

nationallyrecognizedBardCollegeInstituteforWritingandThinking.Theyareselectedforthe

Simon'sRockworkshopcampbecauseoftheirrecordofteachingexcellenceandtheir

familiaritywiththeneedsandabilitiesofyoungerwriters.

Aboutitsfeatures

Unlikeconventionalworkshopsincreativewriting,itfocusesonusinginformal,playfuland

expressivewritingasawaytostrengthenskillsoflanguageandthinking.Outoftheseinformal

writingactivities,usingtechniquesofpeerresponse,studentsdevelopmorepolished

pieces,rangingfrompersonaldescriptionstostoriesandpoems.Eachweekdayconsistsofthree

ninety-minutesessionsorganizedaswritinganddiscussionseminars.Workshopleaderswrite

withtheirstudents,andthereisfrequentsharingofthisinformalwriting,bothinsmallgroups

andintheclassasawhole.

Ages：14-17

Address：BardCollegeatSimon'sRock,84AlfordRoad

Telephonenumber：4135-297-232

1.Whowillmostprobablyattendtheworkshop?

A.Campinglovers.B.Famouswriters.

C.Highschoolstudents.D.Universitystudents.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheworkshop'sstaff?

A.Special.B.Experienced.C.Young.D.Hard-working.

3.Whatmakestheworkshopdifferentfromothercommonworkshops?

A.Itslastingtime.

B.Itskindleaders.

C.Thewritingwayitadvocates.

D.Theseriousdiscussionsitholds.

B

TheMOSAiCExpedition（考察）,thelargestArcticscienceexpeditioninhistory,cametoa

closeonOctober12th,2020,astheGermanresearchshipthePolarsternsailedintotheportat

Bremerhaven,Germany.

ThePolarsternspentthepastyeartravelingacrosstheArcticOcean.Asitfloatedacrossthe

centralArctic,scientistsonboardcollectedmanydataontheArcticclimatesystem-its

clouds,atmosphere,oceanphysicsandbiology.Themissionsoughttoprovideafirst-time

opportunitytostudytherapidlymeltingArctic,currentlyoneofthefastestwarmingpartsofthe

globe,forafullyearfromtheinsideout.

"IthasbeenahistoricmilestoneforArcticresearch/'MarkusRex,leaderoftheMOSAiC

Expedition,saidatapressconference.HWecomebackwithapoolofdataandsamplesthatwill

changeArcticresearchforalongtime."

Themissionwasn'twithoutitschallenges.First,thePolarsternhadtofindasuitableicefloe（浮

冰）touseasitsprimaryresearchbase,strongenoughtoanchortheshipandsupportallthe

researchequipmentthescientistsneededtouse.Findingtherightfloeprovedeasiersaidthan

done.Oncetheshipwasfrozeninplace,scientistsonthePolarsternhadtofightwithpolar

bears,cracksintheiceandextremecold.Despitethetrouble,themissioncontinuedasplanned.

TheexpeditionendedforthemeltingArctic.Lastsummerwasmarkedbyunusuallyhigh

temperaturesandlowseaiceextent.InSeptember,asthePolarstemwasreturninghome,Arctic

seaicecoverhititssecond-lowestextentinrecordedhistory.

Rexsaid,"YoujustneedyoureyestoseethattheArcticiceisdying."Headded,"It'saregion

ofuniquebeauty.Andweshoulddoeverythingwecantopreservethisregionandusethesmall

chancewestillhavetopreserveit."

4.WhydidthescientistsgoontheexpeditiontotheArctic?

A.Tostudytheexpedition'shistory.

B.Todoresearchonitsclimatesystem.

第2页，共20页

C.Tofindmorenaturalresources.

D.Todiscoverthereasonsforglobalwarming.

5.WhatdidRexthinkoftheexpedition?

A.Adventurous.B.Tiring.C.Interesting.D.Significant.

6.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Thedifficultiesintheexpedition.

B.Thefindingsoftheexpedition.

C.Thewaystomeetchallenges.

D.Thewaystomakeresearchplans.

7.WhatdoesRexwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?

A.TheArcticisonthewaytodying.

B.ThebeautifulArcticiswellworthvisiting.

C.WeshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheArctic.

D.Weshouldtryourbesttoseizesmallchances.

c

Allofusfaceavarietyofriskstoourhealthinourdailylife.Drivingcarsandbeingexposedto

environmentalpollutantsallposecertaindegreesofrisk.Someriskswouldrestrictourabilityto

leadagoodlife.Andsomeareriskswemightdecidetoavoidifwehadtheopportunitytomake

informedchoices.Indoorairpollutionisoneriskthatyoucandosomethingabout.

Scientificevidencehasindicatedthattheairwithinhomescanbemoreseriouslypollutedthan

theoutdoorairineventhemostindustrializedcities.Otherresearchindicatesthatpeoplespend

approximately90percentoftheirtimeindoors.Thus,formanypeople,theriskstohealthmaybe

greaterduetoexposuretoairpollutionindoorsthanoutdoors.

Inaddition,peopleexposedtoindoorairpollutantsforthelongestperiodsoftimeareoften

thosemostsusceptibletotheeffectsofindoorairpollution.Suchgroupsincludekids,the

elderlyandthechronicallyill,especiallythosesufferingfromrespiratorydisease.

Whilepollutantlevelsfromindividualsourcesmaynotposeasignificanthealthriskby

themselves,mosthomeshavemorethanonesourcethatcontributestoindoorair

pollution.Therecanbeaseriousriskfromthecumulativeeffectsofthese

sources.Fortunately,therearestepsthatmostpeoplecantakebothtoreducetheriskfrom

existingsourcesandtopreventnewproblemsfromoccurring.Thisbrochurewaspreparedby

theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）andtheU.S.ConsumerProductSafety

Commission（CPSC）tohelpyoudecidewhethertotakeactionthatcanreducethelevelof

indoorairpollutioninyourownhome.

BecausesomanyAmericansspendalotoftimeinofficeswithmechanicalheatingandcooling

systems,thereisalsoashortsectiononthecausesofpoorairqualityinofficesandwhatyou

candoifyoususpectthatyourofficemayhaveaproblem.

8.Whowillbeexposedtoindoorairpollutionmoreoftenaccordingtothetext?

A.Adriver.B.Ahousewife.C.Afarmer.D.Acyclist.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"susceptible"inparagraph3mean?

A.Sensitive.B.Essential.C.Accustomed.D.Familiar.

10.WhatcanthebrochureofEPAandCPSChelppeopledo?

A.Leadahealthierandricherlife.

B.Throwindividualthingsaway.

C.Getridoftheriskofairpollution.

D.Reducetheriskofindoorairpollution.

11.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

A.ToshowAmericans*unhealthylifestyle.

B.Tostressthenegativeinfluenceofpollution.

C.Totellpeopletoreducethetimespentathome.

D.Toremindpeopletotakenoteofindoorairpollution.

D

Researchersreportedablindmanwhohadreceivedageneofalight-sensingproteincannow

seeandtouchobjectswiththehelpofspecialgoggles（护目镜）.

Hisvisiongainsaremodest一hecannotseecolorsordistinguishfacesorletters.Butifthe

treatmenthelpsotherstudyparticipants,itmayofferadvantagesoverothervisiontechnologies

forseverelyblindpeople.Forscientists,theresultisamilestone：thefirstpublishedreportof

usingarelativelynewtechnologycalledoptogenetics（光遗传学）totreatadiseaseinpeople.

"Itsnotthekindofvisionpeopledreamof,butifsabigstep,"saidJeanBennettofthe

UniversityofPennsylvania.

Optogeneticsuseslighttocontrolneurons.Scientistsaddthegenetoalight-sensitiveprotein

calledopsin（视蛋白）fromalgaeorbacteriaandthenshinelightonthecelltocausetheopsin

tochangeshape,whichswitchestheneuron'sactivityonoroff.Sinceitwasdevelopednearly20

第4页，共20页

yearsago,optogeneticshasmostlybeenusedasatooltotreatanimals,braindiseases.But

researchershopeitcanonedaytreatdiseasessuchasParkinson'sdiseaseandblindness.

"Theeyeisthesimplestplacetostartbecauseitissmallandeasytoaccess/saidBotond

Roska,aphysician-scientistattheUniversityofBase.

Thepatientsinthestudyhavelosttheretinalphotoreceptorcells（视网膜感光细胞）thatuse

humanopsinstoturnlightintoelectricalsignalsrelayedtothebrain.Buttheireyesstillhavethe

cellsthatroutethesesignalstothebrainviatheopticnerve.Thatmeansthepatientscould

potentiallygainvisionbygivingthesecellsanewkindofopsin.

12.Whatcanweknowabouttheresultfromparagraph2?

A.Ithasshortcomingsbutisimportant.

B.Itcanbeusedtotreatblindpeoplenow.

C.Itistheconclusionofpreviousresearch.

D.Itisawaytohelppeoplebecomemodest.

13.Whichisthekeytothetreatment?

A.Newgoggles.B.Suitableopsin.

C.Naturalproteins.D.Retinalphotoreceptorcells.

14.Whatcanweinferaboutoptogeneticsfromthetext?

A.Itcanbenefitbothhumansandanimals.

B.Scientistshaveneverfocusedonitbefore.

C.Ifhasbeenusedtotreatanimals*blindness.

D.Patientsshouldknowsomethingaboutit.

15.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AReportonaNewProtein

B.WaystoHelpPatientsStayHealthy

C.ResearchersFindBlindnessCanBeCured

D.ATreatmentHelpsBlindMenRegainSomeVision

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）

Aletterofintentistypicallywrittenbyastudentwhoistryingtointroducehimselftoa

programsschool,orabusinessthatprovidesaninternship（实习）.Sohowdoyouwritealetter

ofintent?Herearetheways.

Writetheletterusingtheproperformat.Thisisnotacasualorfriendlyletter.（I）.Useasimple

font（字体）suchasTimesNewRomanorArial.

(2).Includewhatyearyouareinschool,whatschoolyoucurrentlyattend,andanyrelevant

information.Forexample,ifyouarewritingtothebasketballdepartmentofacollege,itwould

beappropriatetomentionthatyouarethecaptainofyourhighschoolbasketballteam.

Next,describewhyyouarewritingtheletter.Describehowyoufirstlearnedabouttheschoolor

theprogram,andhowyoubecameexcitedaboutit.

(3).Tellthereaderwhyheshouldconsideryoufortheschoolortheprogram.Thiscanbein

paragraphformoralistofyouraccomplishments,Youshouldbespecificandbehonest.

Inthefollowingparagraph,saysomegoodthingsabouttheschoolortheprogram.Flatter(讨

好)thereader,butdon'tgooverboardwithflatteryfbrfearofappearinginsincere.(4).

Determinethenameandaddressoftherightpersontoreceivetheletter.Youdon'twantto

addresstheletterto"DepartmentHead'1,orto"WhomitMayConcern”.⑸，it'snotlikelyto

bereadbythatperson.Aquickphonecalltotheprogramortheplaceofthebusinesscan

usuallygetyoutheinformationyouneed.

A.Itneedstolookprofessional

B.Nowit'stimetostateyourqualifications

C.Thefirststepistoseekrelevantinformation

□.Introduceyourselfatthebeginningoftheletter

E.Ifyoudon'tknowhowtowritethelettercorrectly

F.Unlesstheletterisdirectlysenttotherightperson

G.Youcansaytheschoolortheprogramissoappealing

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）

第6页，共20页

Chris,asingledadturnedtoacharitySSAFA(英国三军士兵家属协会)afterleavingthe

army,tolookafterhisdaughter.Chrissaid,"(21),SSAFAhelpedmethroughmyhardship.Now

mydaughterisolderandI'vehadanopportunityto(22)theUKcoastalchallengetogiveback

toSSAFA.”

Chrissaid,"AsIleftNorthernIreland?Iwas(23)thataspecialdogbeneededtokeepme

companyandto(24)myemotionalhealth.Youknowjwassufferingfromdepression.Andafter

ninemonthsinScotland,1(25)therescuedogJet.Weseemedtoknoweachotheratthefirst

sight.Wheninthe(26)Iwasalwayswithpeople,I'dneverspentweeksonmyown.Anditwas

onlywhenJetstartedtowalkwithmethatIrealizedhowmuch(27)meanstome.”

WhileChrissaidthe(28)partofthetripforhimwaspullinghisbadtoothout,itwasnothing(29)

theworrywhenhefoundalump(肿块)onJet.Herecalled,UInoticedasmalllumponJetsoI

acted(30).Imadeanappointmenttodoan(31)onJet.Ididn'ttellsocialmediasupportersuntil

nowsoasnotto(32)anypanic.ThelumpwascutdownandJetiswell.”

Chrisexplained,nFouryearsago,I,abrokenmanwithno(33),left,feelingIhadfailedin

life.FouryearslaterIama(34)manlivingwithJetIvealsohad80,000wonderful

followers,raised£206,000in(35)andmadesomanyfriendsalongtheway.”

21.A.SuddenlyB.ThankfullyC.GenerallyD.Naturally

22.A.requireB.allowC.undertakeD.consider

23.A.warnedB.convincedC.orderedD.suggested

24.A.boostB.recordC.evaluateD.check

25.A.lockedB.metC.leftD.trained

26.A.schoolB.familyC.armyD.society

27.A.patienceB.respectC.toleranceD.company

28.A.rarestB.worstC.dullestD.palest

29.A.fedupwithB.combinedwithC.relatedtoD.comparedto

30.A.preciselyB.strangelyC.immediatelyD.frequently

31.A.experimentB.interviewC.investigationD.operation

32.A.causeB.rememberC.launchD.enhance

33.A.damageB.emotionC.purposeD.challenge

34.A.happyB.horribleC.handsomeD.humorous

35.A.tearsB.donationsC.placeD.relief

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

36.YangLiweiwas38yearsoldwhenhewenttospaceontheShenzhouV,(1)

(make)Chinathethirdcountrytomastermannedspacecapabilities.

Inhisarticle,Yangrecalledseveralbreathtaking(2)(moment).Hesaid,"When

therocketliftedtoaheightofabout30-40kilometers,!feltitbegantovibrate(振动)(3)

(violent),anditwasextremelypainful."Vibrationsinthespacecraftbelow10

Hzcandamageinternalorgans,andeventhreatenaperson'slife.Thenear-deadlymoment

lastedfbr26seconds.Whenitwasfinallyover,Yangfeltlikehehadbeenreborn.

Yangalsodescribedmysteriousknockingsoundsfromoutsidethecraft.Hestilldoesn't

knowwheretheycamefrom.Healsodescribed(4)hiscitylookedlikefromspace.

"IflewoverBeijingandsawthemountainsinthedaytimeandsparkling(闪烁的)lights

(5)night.Andtherelivemyfriendsandmy(6)(love)ones.'1

Afterhisreturn,Yangreportedthe(7)(normal)vibrationstoscientists,whosolved

theissuebeforetheShenzhouVTslaunch.Sofar,anumberofnewtechnologiesC8)

(apply)tothecorecabin(核心舱),Eighteenyearsafterhisfirsttriptospace,Yang

saidwithasmileheeven“envied"(9)(he)fellowspacemenwhonowhavesuch

comfortablespaceaccommodations,(10)showhowChina'sspaceprogramhas

grown.

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40・0分)

37.假定你是李华，你校的书法俱乐部正在招募新成员。请给你的交换生朋友John写

封邮件，邀请他加入这个俱乐部，内容包括：

1.简介该俱乐部；

2.加入后的好处；

3.报名方式。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearJohn,

Yours,

LiHua

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Tesswaseightyearsoldwhensheheardhermotherandfathertalkingaboutherlittle

第8页，共20页

brother,Andrew.Allsheknewwasthathewasverysickandtheywerecompletelyoutof

money.

Onlyaverycostlysurgerycouldsavehimanditwaslookingliketherewasnoonetoloan

themthemoney.Sheheardherfathersaytohertearfulmotherwithwhispered

desperation,MOnlyamiracle（奇迹）cansavehimnow.”

Tesswenttoherbedroomandpulledaglassjarfromitshidingplace.Shepouredallthe

changeoutonthefloorandcounteditcarefully.Placingthecoinsbackinthejarand

twistingonthecap,sheslippedoutthebackdoorandmadeherwaytoRexalfsDrugStore.

Shewaitedpatientlyforthepharmacist（药齐lj师）togivehersomeattentionbuthewastoo

busyatthatmoment.Finallyshetookaquarterfromherjarandbangeditontheglass

counter.ltworked."Andwhatdoyouwant?nthepharmacistsaid,"I'mtalkingtomy

brotherfromChicagowhomIhaven'tseeninages.*'Tessreplied,"Mylittle

brother,Andrew,hassomethingbadgrowinginsidehisheadandmyfathersaysonlya

miraclecansavehimnow.Sohowmuchdoesamiraclecost?n"Wedon'tsellmiracles

herejittlegirLTmsorrybutIcan'thelpyou,"thepharmacistsaid.

Thepharmacist'sbrotherwasawell-dressedman.Hecameupandaskedher,"Whatkind

ofmiracledoesyourbrotherneed?”“Idon*tknow,"Tessrepliedwithhereyeswelling

up."Ijustknowheisreallysickandmymothersaysheneedsanoperation.Butshecan't

payforit,soIwanttousemymoney.1'ThemanfromChicagoasked,"Howmuchdoyou

have?”"Onedollarandelevencents,"Tessanswered.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

ThemantouchedTess'sheadandsmiled.

Infact,themanwasafamousdoctor.

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题11C【小题2】B【小题3】C

【解析】⑴C.细节理解题。根据第一段"In1983,

Simon'sRockofBardCollegebeganofferingathree-weekwritingworkshopforhighschool

students.（1983年，西蒙巴德石学院开始为高中生提供为期三周的写作课程。）”可知，

这一研习班是专门为中学生开设的，所以中学生最可能参加学习。故选C。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段

"Thestaffareskilledteachersandwriterswithaspecialinterestinthetheoryandpracticeoft

henationallyrecognizedBardCollegeInstituteforWritingandThinking.（教职员工都是熟

练的教师和作家，他们对国家认可的巴德学院写作和思维研究所的理论和实践特别感兴

趣。）”可知，该研习班的教职员工经验丰富。故选B。

（3）C.推理判断题。根据第三段

"Unlikeconventionalworkshopsincreativewriting,itfocusesonusinginformal,playfulande

xpressivewritingasawaytostrengthenskillsoflanguageandthinking.（与传统的仓”意写作

研习班不同，它侧重于使用非正式的、有趣的和表达性的写作，作为一种加强语言和思

维技能的方式。）”可知，这个研习班所倡导的写作方式与传统的普通研习班不一样。

故选Co

本文是广告布告类阅读。文章推荐了Simon'sRockWritingWorkshop写作研习班，并介

绍了它的创立历史、教职员工情况以及其教学特色。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑

关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章

未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作

者观点。

4.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】C

第10页，共20页

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第二段"AsitfloatedacrossthecentralArctic?

scientistsonboardcollectedmanydataontheArcticclimatesystem—itsclouds,atmosphere,

oceanphysicsandbiology.Themissionsoughttoprovideafirst-timeopportunitytostudythe

rapidlymeltingArctic,currentlyoneofthefastestwarmingpartsoftheglobe,forafullyearf

romtheinsideout”（当它漂过北极中部时，船上的科学家收集了许多关于北极气候系统

的数据-云、大气、海洋物理学和生物学。该任务试图提供一个从内到外的整整一年时

间，从内到外研究迅速融化的北极，目前是全球变暖最快的地区之一。）可知，科学家

开展此次科考是为了研究北极的气候系统。故选B。

（2）D.推理判断题。根据第三段的

"IlhasbeenahistoricmilestoneforArcticresearch,"MarkusRex,leaderoftheMOSAiCExp

edition,saidatapressconference"（这是北极研究的一个历史性里程碑，"MOSAiC探险队

的负责人马库斯•雷克斯（MarkusRex）在新闻发布会上说。）可知，Rex认为此次科

考是个“里程碑"，由此可知它是有重大意义的。故选D。

（3）A.段落大意题。通读第四段，尤其是第一句"Themissionwasn'twithoutitschallenges"

（这一任务并非没有挑战。）可知，第四段主要叙述了科学家们在此次科考中遇到的困

难。故选A。

（4）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段的

"Andweshoulddoeverythingwecantopreservethisregionandusethesmallchancewestil

Ihavetopreserveit"（我们应该尽我们所能来保护这一地区，利用我们仍然拥有的微小

机会来保护它。）可知，Rex呼吁人们采取行动来保护北极。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。史上规模最大的北极科考工作theMOSAiCExpedition顺利结束。

科学家Rex认为此次科考意义重大，他呼吁人们采取行动来保护北极。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子

的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】D

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第二段中的

Scientificevidencehasindicatedthattheairwithinhomescanbemoreseriouslypollutedtha

ntheoutdoorairineventhemostindustrializedcities.（科学证据表明，即使在工业化程度

最高的城市，室内空气污染也可能比室外空气污染更严重。）可知，一个家庭主妇会更

经常地暴露在室内空气污染中。故选B。

（2）A.词句猜测题。根据画线部分后一句

Suchgroupsincludekids,theelderlyandthechronicallyill,especiallythosesufferingfromres

piratorydisease.（那些暴露在被污染的室内空气中的人包括了小孩、老人和患有慢性病

的人，而这些人都是对室内空气污染很敏感的人。）可推知画线词意思是“敏感的“。结

合选项A.Sensitive.敏感的；B.Essential.必不可少的；C.Accustomed.习惯的；D.Familiar.

熟悉的。故选A。

（3）D.细节理解题。根据第四段中的

ThisbrochurewaspreparedbytheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）andthe

U.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission（CPSC）tohelpyoudecidewhethertotakeact

ionthatcanreducethelevelofindoorairpollutioninyourownhome.（这本小册子是由美国

环境保护署（EPA）和美国消费品安全委员会（CPSC）编写的，帮助您决定是否采取

行动，以减少您家中的室内空气污染水平。）可知，由EPA和CPSC制定的资料手册

中的内容可以帮助人们减少室内空气污染。故选D。

（4）D.目的意图题。根据第一段中的

Drivingcarsandbeingexposedtoenvironmentalpollutantsallposecertaindegreesofrisk.So

meriskswouldrestrictourabilitytoleadagoodlife.Andsomeareriskswemightdecidetoa

voidifwehadtheopportunitytomakeinformedchoices.Indoorairpollutionisoneriskthat

youcandosomethingabout.（开车和暴露在环境污染物中都有一定程度的风险。有些风

险会限制我们过上美好生活的能力。如果我们有机会做出明智的选择，有些风险我们可

能会决定避免。室内空气污染是你可以采取措施的风险之一。）结合文章分析了室内空

气污染的危害，以提醒人们注意室内空气污染。可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是

提醒人们注意室内空气污染。故选D。

本文是说明文。科学家们发现室内空气污染有很大危害，因此我们要更加关注室内空气

污染。

考查健康环保类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

确的选择。

12.【答案】

【小题1]A【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】D

第12页，共20页

【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第二段

"Hisvisiongainsaremodest—hecannotseecolorsordistinguishfacesorletters.Butifthetr

eatmenthelpsotherstudyparticipants,itmayofferadvantagesoverothervisiontechnologies

forseverelyblindpeople.Forscientists,theresultisamilestone：

thefirstpublishedreportofusingarelativelynewtechnologycalledoptogenetics（光遗传

学）totreatadiseaseinpeople."（他的视力增长平平----看不清颜色，分辨不出面孔和

字母。但如果这种疗法能帮助其他研究参与者，那么它可能会为重度盲人提供比其他视

觉技术更好的优势。对科学家来说，这一结果是一个里程碑：首次发表了一份使用名为

光遗传学的相对较新的技术治疗人类疾病的报告）由此可知，光遗传学疗法的治疗效果

是有限的，但它是首次被报道用来治疗人类的疾病，因此这个研究的结果有不足但也很

重要。故选A项。

（2）B.推理判断题。根据第三段

"Scientistsaddthegenetoalight-sensitiveproteincalledopsin（视蛋

白）fromalgaeorbacteriaandthenshinelightonthecelltocausetheopsintochangeshape

,whichswitchestheneuron'sactivityonoroff"（科学家们将这种基因添加到一种来自藻类

或细菌的光敏蛋白质视蛋白中，然后将光线照射到细胞上，使视蛋白改变形状，从而开

启或关闭神经元活动）和最后一段

"Thepatientsinthestudyhavelosttheretinalphotoreceptorcells（视网膜感光细

胞）thatusehumanopsinstoturnlightintoelectricalsignalsrelayedtothebrain.Buttheire

yesstillhavethecellsthatroutethesesignalstothebrainviatheopticnerve.Thatmeansthe

patientscouldpotentiallygainvisionbygivingthesecellsanewkindofopsin.”（研究中的患

者已经失去了视网膜感光细胞，这些细胞利用人类视蛋白将光转化为电信号传递给大脑。

但他们的眼睛仍然有细胞通过视神经将这些信号传送到大脑。这意味着患者可以通过给

这些细胞一种新的视蛋白来获得视力）由此判断出，视蛋白是控制神经元和传输电子信

号的关键。故选B项。

（3）A.推理判断题。根据第三段

"Sinceitwasdevelopednearly20yearsago,optogeneticshasmostlybeenusedasatooltotre

atanimals,braindiseases.ButresearchershopeitcanonedaytreatdiseasessuchasParkinson'

sdiseaseandblindness.'1（自近20年前开发以来，光遗传学主要被用作治疗动物和大脑

疾病的工具。但研究人员希望有一天它能治疗帕金森病和失明等疾病。）可知，光遗传

学已经被用来治疗动物的脑部疾病。现在它又可以用来恢复盲人一定的视力。因此光遗

传学能造福人类和动物。故选A项。

（4）D.标题归纳题。根据第一段

"Researchersreportedablindmanwhohadreceivedageneofalight-sensingproteincanno

wseeandtouchobjectswiththehelpofspecialgoggles"（研究人员报告说，一名植入了感

光蛋白基因的盲人现在可以借助特殊的护目镜看到和触摸物体）由此可知，文章讲述了

一个接受了光感蛋白基因的盲人现在可以在特殊护目镜的帮助下恢复一定的视力。所以

短文的最佳标题为“一种帮助盲人恢复视力的治疗方法”。故选D项。

本文是说明文•科学家们发现了一种新疗法，给盲人带来了福音。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子

的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】B【小题4】G【小题5】F

【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。空格前说"Thisisnotacasualorfriendlyletter"（意向书不

是随意的或朋友之间的信件），而A项Itneedstolookprofessional（它需要看起来是专

业的。）中的professional与前面的casual相对应，因此A选项符合语境，故选A。

（2）D.段落大意题。空格后说

"Includewhatyearyouareinschool,whatschoolyoucurrentlyattend,andanyrelevantinfer

mation"（包括你在哪一年上学，你现在在哪所学校，以及任何相关信息。）由此可知，

本段是关于自我介绍的，D选项Introduceyourselfatthebeginningoftheletter（在信的开

头介绍你自己。）引起下文，符合本段主题，故选D。

（3）B.段落大意题。空格后说

"Tellthereaderwhyheshouldconsideryoufortheschoolortheprogram.Thiscanbeinpara

graphformoralistofyouraccomplishments"（你要告诉读者考虑你的理由。你可以用段

落或清单形式列出你的成就。）这些都与B项Nowit'stimetostateyourqualifications（列

出你的资历。）意思一致，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。

（4）G.推理判断题。本段开头说

"Inthefollowingparagraph,saysomegoodthingsabouttheschoolortheprogram"（你要说

第14页，共20页

一些关于所选学校或项目的好话。）而6项

Youcansaytheschoolortheprogramissoappealing（你可以说这个学校或者这个项目很

吸引人。）能呼应上文，且其中的appealing与前面的goodthings相一致，因此G选项

切合题意，故选G。

（5）F.推理判断题。根据本段

"Determinethenameandaddressoftherightpersontoreceivethelelter.Youdon'twanttoad

dressth