小升初之代词

小升初-----代词二、授课内容：可以代替名词的词叫代词。英语中的代词按其意义、特征及在句子中的作用可分为八类：人称代词，物主代词，指示代词，反身代词，相互代词，不定代词，疑问代词，关系代词。1】人称代词和物主代词的用法：人称代词是对你我他的称谓。物主代词表示所属关系的代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词有人称和数的变化，总结技巧：主语用主格，宾语用宾格，谓语前主格，动介后宾格，名词前形容，无名那么用名。技巧灵活用，语境要弄清。一、人称代词的用法

1、人称代词的主格在句中作主语。如：

Weloveourcountry.我们爱我们的祖国。Sheisagoodstudent.她是一名好学生。

2、人称代词的宾格在句中作动词、介词的宾语，还可作表语使用。如：

Idon'tknowhim.我不认识他。Hismotheriswaitingforthemoutside.他妈妈在外面等他们。

---Who'sit?---It'sme.---那是谁？---那是我。

3、人称代词的语序

几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是：

单数形式〔2，3，1〕you,heandI

复数形式〔1，2，3〕we,youandthey()5._______areinthesameschool.A.I,youandheB.you,heandIC.He,Iandyou

二、物主代词的用法

1、形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。

2、名词性物主代词常用来防止和前面提及的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词〞。

3、名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格〞，表示带有局部概念或有一定的感情色彩。如：Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一个朋友。三．反身代词的常用词组：byoneselfforoneselfcalloneselfteachoneselfspeaktooneselfhelponeselfloseoneselfseatoneself【实例解析】1.(2004年北京市中考试题)

Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.

A.my

B.mine

C.I

D.me答案：D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在此题中，动词show的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。4.(2004年安徽省中考试题)

---Whereismypen?

---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken_______bymistake.

A.yours

B.his

C.mine

D.hers答案：A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选yours。Practice:用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Thatisnot___kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but__isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4.____ismybrother.___nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare____.(he)5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________?(she)7.Help______(you)tosomefruit,Jack.8._________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._______nameisMimi.Thesecakesare______.(it)10.Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.(they)11.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)12.Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_____parents.(they)13.10.Didyouenjoy_______(you),MaryandKate?14.MayIsitbeside_________?(you)15.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)B.填入正确的人称代词和物主代词

1.Thisisn’therknife._________isgreen.

2.Theseareyourbooks，Kate.Put__________inthedesk，please.

3.Youmustlookafter________things.

4.WeiFang，isthat________ruler?Yes，it’s.

5.Theywantafootball.Give__________thegreenone，please.

6.It’sLinTao’sbag.Give________to__________.

7.Isthispencil-boxLiLei’s?No，___________isverynew.

8.Thisboxistooheavy.Ican’tcarry_________.

Don’tworry，Let__________help__________.

9._____isaboy_____nameisMike.Mike’sfriendslike_____verymuch.

10.Mysisterisin_____room._____isateacher.

11.Janeisalittlegirl._____motherisanurse.

12.Wearein_____classroom._____classroomisbig.

13.Myfatherandmotherareteachers._____arebusy

14.Youareapupil.Is_____brotherapupil,too?

四、用括号中的适当形式填空

A)〔1〕Arethese________〔you〕pencils?

Yes,theyare________〔our〕.

〔2〕—Whoseisthispencil?

—It’s________〔I〕.

〔3〕Ilove________〔they〕verymuch.

〔4〕Sheis________〔I〕classmate.

〔5〕MissLioftenlooksafter________〔she〕brother.

〔6〕—Arethese________〔they〕bags？

—No,theyaren’t________〔their〕.Theyare________〔we〕.

B)

1.Thisbikeismysister`s.Itbelongsto______(她的)。2.Thisisn`tmybook._______(我的)isinthebag.

3.Theyquarrelledamong__________〔他们〕.

五、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空：

1.Maryworksinabookstore._____likes_____workverymuch.

2.JohnandIareinthesameschool._____gotoschooltogether.

3.Everybodylikesthatsport,don't_____?

4.Sheisafriendof_____.Wegottoknoweachothertwoyearsago.

5.Hersistermakesall_____owndresses.

6.Ihavemanyfriends.Someof_____aregoodatEnglish.

7.MayIuse_____bike?_____isbroken.

8.EverybodyishereexceptAnnand________friendJane.________areinthelibrarynow.

六、选择填空

1.Who’ssingingoverthere?—________isSandy’ssister.

A.ThatB.ItC.SheD.This

2.________willspendthesummerholidayinHawaii.

A.She,youandIB.You,sheandIC.I,youandsheD.Her,meandyou

3.Betweenyouand________,heisnotarealfriend.

A.meB.IC.heD.his

4.Myuncleboughtanewbikefor________.

A.theirsB.theyC.meD.I

5.MrSmithoftenpraises________forhisprogressinstudies.

A.heB.himC.ID.me

6.Here’sapostcardforyou,Jim!—Oh,________isfrommyfriend,Mary.

A.heB.itC.sheD.it’s

7.Don’tshaketheyoungtree._______leavesarefallingoff.Youshouldlookafter_______.

A.It,it’sB.It’s,itC.Its,itD.It,it

8.LittleBabyknowsthatheshouldnottakethethingsthatdonotbelongto________.

A.heB.hisC.herD.him

9.Willanyonegoonatripwithhim?—Not________.

A.IB.meC.mineD.he

10.Amongthoselovelytoys,thebrowntoydogwasgivenby________.

A.heB.hisC.himD.he’s2】指示代词指示代词是用来表示“这个〞“那个〞“这些〞“那些〞等指示概念的代词。如：this,that,these,those等。this的复数形式：these；that的复数形式：those.指示代词的用法：可以充当句子的主语、定语、宾语或表语等。如：Thisisadifficultquestion.()Doyoulikethese?()Oh！It’snotthat.()Iwanttoreadthatbook.()练习：V.用适当的指示代词(this,that,these,those)填空。1.______pensaremine.Thoseareyours.2.-What's____overthere?-It'sacar.3.Look,_____rulerislongerthanthatone.4.-Hello!Who's_____speaking?-Hello!_____isMaryspeaking.5.WangLin,______ismybrotherMike.3】相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词。其形式如下：主格和宾格所有格eachotheroneanother(互相，彼此)eachother’soneanother’s(彼此的)在英语中，eachother和oneanother在句中可做宾语。其所有格可以做定语。Doyouoftenhelpeachother?()Thesixstudentsdidn’tagreewithoneanother.()Weareinterestedinoneanother’swork.()4】不定代词①不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。具体如下：some一些，假设干〔+可数或不可数〕everything每一件事any无论哪个；任何一个〔可数〕all全体，全部；一切somebody某人，有人〔只用单数〕both两人，双方；二者someone某人，有人〔只用单数〕other别的人〔事物〕；其他的人〔事物〕something某物；某事〔只用单数〕another另一个anybody任何人(主要用于否认句、疑问句或条件句)neither两者都不anything任何事物〔主要用于否认句、疑问句或条件句〕none没有一个；全无〔用于三者或三者以上〕nobody无人，没有人either两者之一；〔两者中的〕任何一方nothing没有东西；没有事情each各；各位everyone每人，大家，人人much许多；大量〔不可数〕everybody每人，大家，人人one一人；一个②不定代词在句子中的作用A〕做主语Everyoneishere.Let’sbegin.BothofherparentsarestudyinginAustralia.B)做宾语Thisoneistoosmall.Pleaseshowmeanother.Pleaseintroducemetotheothers.C)做表语That’sallfortoday.It’stoomuchforme.注意】小学阶段常见的不定代词的用法some和any的用法some用于肯定句和委婉问句中，any多用于否认句、疑问句或条件状语从句，两者都可以代替可数名词或不可数名词。SomeofmyfriendsarefromtheUSA.Idon’tlikeanyofthem.Doessheeatanymedicine?2)both和all的用法both只表示对两个个体的肯定，或做同位语。如果both和of连用，后面只能紧跟人称代词的宾格。如：Webothwanttogoshopping.BothofuscanspeakalittleEnglish.all用于三个或三个以上的个体，也可代替不可数名词。all后面的谓语动词可以是单数，也可是复数。Allareagreed.Allisyours;youcantakeeverything.注意】all和both的位置要放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前。one的用法one可以指人，也可指物，也可用来代替上文中提及的可数名词，以防止用词的重复。当one指人时，其反身代词是oneself，所有格形式是one’s.如：Oneshouldfollowthetrafficrules.Theoneinredisourmonitor.练习题：()8.-Whichofthesetwosweaterswillyoutake?-I'lltake________.Theylooknearlythesame,andIjustneedone.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.all()9.Hehastwobasketballs.Oneisnew,_______isold.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others()10.Ihaveboughtanewwatchbecausemyold_______doesn'twork.A.itB.oneC.thatD.this()12.-Whatwouldyouliketohave,teaormilk?-____I'dliketohaveaglassofwater.A.EachB.NeitherC.EitherD.Both()13.MycarwasbrokenandIdidn'tknow_______todo.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.how()14.Therearemanytrees_______oftheroad!And______ofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.A.onbothside,anumberB.oneachsides,anumberC.onbothsides,thenumberD.oneveryside,thenumber()15.-Didshegotoschoolwhenshewasyoung?-No.Shetaught_______athome.A.herB.herselfC.hersD.she4)many，much,afew,few,alittle,little的用法另alotof=lotsof=plentyof+可数名词复数/不可数名词=many+可数名词复数/much+不可数名词alarge/greatnumberof=manyagreat/gooddealof=much()11.-CanyouspeakRussian?-Yes,butonly＿＿＿＿.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew5)疑问代词疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。如：who,what,whom,which等。常房子句首，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。练习：VI.用适当的疑问词填空。1.-________areyoudoing?-I'mreadingbooks.2.-_________T-shirtisthis?-It'sTom's.3.__________doyoulikebetter,thisoneorthatone?4.-_________isthemaninthecar?-He'smyuncle.5.-To______didyoutalklastnight?-Myclassmate,Jim.6〕关系代词。〔不是小学学习范围，故不多讲解。略〕三．课后作业。一、把下面表格填写完整单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格宾格名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves二、根据括号中的要求给出以下代词的适当形式。1.it_______〔形容词性物主代词〕2.my_________〔名词性物主代词〕3.herself__________〔复数形式〕4.we_________〔宾格形式〕5.you____________〔形容词性物主代词〕6.her_________〔名词性物主代词〕7.ourselves___________〔单数形式〕8.you_________〔宾格形式〕9.he____________〔宾格形式〕三、根据以下句子说法.从方框中选出恰当的9个代词填空。〔注意大小写〕MyherweitshimtheirMinehersourityoursthem1.AndyandIaremakingamodelplane.→_________aremakingamodelplane.2.Doestheblankbikebelongtoyou？→Istheblackbike_______?3.Thebighouseamongthemountainsbelongstothem.→________bighouseliesamongthemountains.4.Itishercomputer.→Thecomputeris_______.5.Ican’tfindmyglasses.→Theglassesarenot_______.Whereis_________glasses?6.Thetailbelongstothewhitedog.→Thewhitedogiswaging(摆动)______tailhappily.7.MomandDadboughtabirthdaygiftforhim.→________boughtabirthdaygiftforhim.→Thebirthdaygiftwas________.四、从括号中选择正确的词填空。1.〔This/These〕aremylettersand(that/those)ismybrother’s.2.(This/These)shoesareMs.Jones.3.How(many/much)applesdoyouhave?4.---Isthere(some/any)waterinthefridge?-----yes.thereis(some/any).5.(Everybody/Nobody)needsfriends.6.Wehaveavacation(假期)fortwomonths(every/each)summer.7.Mymotherboughttwoskirtsformysisterandme.But(either/neither)ofuslikestheskirts.8.Hurryup!Thereare(afew/few)minutesleft.9.(What/Which)doyoulikebetter?Surfingorskating?10.-----What’sintheletter?-----It’s(anything/nothing)important.11.---SoyouareJamesCotton!----(It’s/That’s)right.MynameisJames.12.----Whatdidyousayjustnow?---(Nothing/Everything).五、选择填空1.Arethey_______raincoatsor________?A.their,oursB.their,ourC.theirs,ousD.their,us2.Help_______tosomechicken.children.A.themselfB.themC.yourselfD.yourselves3.________ofmyparentscantakecareofmylittlesister,soIwillstayathometotakecareofher.A.AllB.BothC.NoneD.Neither4.________doyoulikebest,football.,volleyballorbaseball?A.WhoB.WhichC.WhatD.Why5.TeacherZhang,_______wantstoseeyou.------Who?A.someoneB.anyoneC.ID.he6.------Whattimeis_______?-----_________’seighto’clockam.A.this,ThisB.that,ThisC.it,ItD.it,This7.------MayIhavesomesocks.please?------CanIgiveyou_______socksontheshelf?-------No.thankyou.I’dlike______socksthere.Theylookcomfortable.A.that,thisB.this,thatC.those,theseD.these,those8Threebottlesofwater.twocakesandaknife.please.-----Is_______all?A.itB.thisC.thatD.these9.Wouldyoulike______wine?------No.thanks.A.someB.anyC.noD.the10.Hello._________isSusanspeaking.CanIspeaktoAndy.please?--------Holdon,please.A.sheB.thisC.thatD.it11.Thereare_____eggsinthebottle.Ihavetobuy_____.A.no,littleB.alittle,littleC.few,someD.afew,