高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(directspeech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirectspeech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。Mr.Blacksaid,

“I'mbusy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）Mr.Blacksaid

thathewasbusy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he,am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1、

人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。Hesaid,“I

like

it

verymuch.”他说：“我非常喜欢它”。→Hesaid

that

he

liked

it

verymuch.他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he,it不变)Hesaid,“You

told

me

thisstory.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。”

→Hesaidthat

I

hadtold

him

thatstory.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I,me改为him,told改为hadtold)Hesaidtome,“She’s

left

her

bookin

your

room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”Hetoldmethat

shehad

left

her

bookin

my

room.他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→shehad，her不变，your→my）2、

时态的变化（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：Hesaid,“Iusually

watch

TVonSunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。→Hesaidthatheusually

watched

TVonSunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。Hesaid,“I'musing

theknife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”→Hesaidthathe

wasusing

theknife.他说他正在用小刀。Shesaid,“I

havenotheard

fromhimsinceMay.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”→Shesaidthatshe

hadnot

heardfromhimsinceMay.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。Hesaid，“I

came

tohelpyou.”他说：“我来帮助你。”→Hesaidthat

hehadcome

tohelpme.他说他来帮助我。Hesaid,“I

hadfinished

myhomeworkbeforesupper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”→Hesaidthathe

hadfinished

hishomeworkbeforesupper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。ZhouLansaid,“I'lldo

itafterclass.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。”→ZhouLansaidthatshe

woulddo

itafterclass.周兰说下课后她就去做。Hesaid,“I

shallbedoing

myhomeworkthen.”他说：“那时我将正在做作业。”→Hesaidthathe

shouldbedoing

hishomeworkthen.他说那时他将正在做作业。Hesaid,“We

shallhavefinished

theworkbythattime.”他说：“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”→Hesaidthatthey

shouldhavefinished

theworkbythattime.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Theteachersaid,“Theearth

is

round.”老师说：“地球是圆的。”→Theteachersaidthattheearth

is

round.老师说地球是圆的。Hesaid,“I

was

borninShangdongin1965.”

他说:“我1965年生于山东。”→Hesaidthathe

was

borninShangdongin1965.他说他1965年生于山东。Hesaid,“Columbus

discovered

Americain1492.”他说：“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”→HesaidColumbus

discovered

Americain1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。（2）主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变Hesays,“I

finished

thework.”他说：“我做完工作了。”Hesaysthathe

finished

thework.他说他做完工作了。Hewillsay,“I

havewatered

theflowers.”

他会说：“我己经浇花了。”Hewillsayhe

haswatered

theflowers.他会说他己经浇花了。3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化

见下表：

直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those→Thecaptain

orderedhismentofire.上尉命令他的士兵们开火！Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“Don'tplay

footballinthemiddleofthestreet.”警察对孩子们说：“别在马路中间踢足球。”→Thepoliceman

warnedthechildrennottoplay

footballinthemiddleofthestreet.警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。五、点击考点I.改错：1.HesaidthatheisgoingtoLondon.2.Tomsaidtheyhadfinishedthejobyesterday.3.Sheaskedmedon’tsmokeintheroom.4.Theyaskedthathewasthere.5.Iaskedyouwherewashegoing.6.Theteachertoldusnottalkanymore.7.Thedoctorsaidtohiswife,

Notwaitforme.8.HeaskedmewhoIam.9.Marysaidthatshewouldseeyoutomorrow.10.Motheraskedwhatthematterwas.II.将下列句子改为间接引语1.“Wherewillyougotomorrow?”,Motheraskedme.2.Theoldwomansaidtome,“Pleaselockthedoorforme.”3.Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.”4.Hesaid,“I'llgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofminethisafternoon.”5.“Hello,howareyou?”,hesaidtome.6.Tomsaidtomeangrily,“Whydon’tyoutellmeyouhavebeenherefortwoweeks?”7.JohnsaidtoMary,“DoyourememberIborrowedadiamondnecklacefromyou?”8.TheteachersaidtoLiMing,“Don’tmakethesamemistakeagain.”9.“Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?”,Iaskedher.10.Thenursesaidtothechildren,“Thesunrisesintheeast.”参考答案:I.1.is→was2.yesterday→thedaybefore

3.don’t→notto

4.that→if

5.washe→hewas

6.not后面加to7.Not→Don't

8.am→was

9.tomorrow→thenextday

10.wasthematterII.1.MotheraskedmewhereIwouldgothenextday.2.Theoldwomanaskedmetolockthedoorforher.3.Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhadgonetoanexhibitionthedaybefore.4.Hesaidthathewouldgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofhisthatafternoon.5.HeaskedmehowIwas.6.TomaskedmeangrilywhyIdidn'ttellhimIhadbeentherefortwoweeks.7.JohnaskedMaryif