医学词汇构词法

ByWangLanying

ForeignLanguageDepartmentTheFormationofMedialVocabulary1编辑ppt

ACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposesI.Target1.Masteringmedicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:speakingandwritingwithML2编辑pptI.Target3.NurturethesenseofstylisticresearchII.Methodology

1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation2.Understandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures4.Activeandenergeticlearningundertheteacher’sguide3编辑pptIII.CourseArrangement1.72Teachingperiods,4/week2.EightUnitsthisterm3.Requiredcourseandexam4.Termachievements:basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinalexamdynamically4编辑pptDavi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.ThewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache〞,andophthalmologist,meaning‘eyedoctor’,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.Whatismedicallanguage?5编辑pptBasicelementsofmedicalwordsMostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters)6编辑pptPneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.[医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosis7编辑pptThreemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.Toanalyzewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels,andcombiningforms.

gastr/o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombiningform8编辑pptElectr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootcombiningvowelcombiningvowel心电图9编辑ppt2.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤Hematoma:bloodtumor血肿10编辑pptOncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:processofcuttingupgastrectomy:removalofthestomacharthrotomy:incisionofajointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白细胞增多Necrosis坏死Erythrocytosis红细胞增多TheRolesofPronunciation11编辑pptMedicalTerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrinesyst.Reproductivesyst.MasteryofMedicalWords12编辑pptOrgansTissuesCells13编辑pptDistributionofvocabularyinmedicalliteratureEssentialvoc.Popularsciencevoc.Medicalterms14编辑pptThe2ndcategory(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndromeThe3rdcategory(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentationThe1stcategory70%:comment,investigate,studyDistributionofvocabulary15编辑pptCombiningformsprefixessuffixescyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentforvisuallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tumor-osis:abnormalcondition-tomy:cutting16编辑pptHowtoimproveyourwordpowerI.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳〔后缀〕透入17编辑pptI.Conversionhost大批、许多、东道主、主持人、宿主sympatheticblock交感神经阻滞术sympatheticnerve交感神经cell隐士的小屋，巢室，电池，小修道院

capsule小盒子，航天舱，胶囊药,被膜reservoir贮主(zhu)toprotecttracheafromcollapsingtheuncompromisedhostspace–occupyinglesionopportunisticinfectionTargettherapy18编辑pptII.DerivativeAtypicalAsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspid

MuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologictoleranceimmunomodulation19编辑ppt

Prefix:

ir-il-im-mis-irregularityirresistableillegal,illiterateimmatureimmobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisunderstand20编辑pptPrefixDis/dys-dishonestdysphoniadisorderdyspneadiseasein-inexperiencedinsufficiencyinadequateinactivated21编辑pptnone-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonself非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的22编辑pptun-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病

unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛

23编辑pptSuffix:n.relianceresistanceexistencecoldnessconsciousnessdecisioncollisioninclusiontreatmentencouragementAdj.

generouscontinuousmiscellaneouscongenitalconspicuousscrupuloussimultaneouslyapparentlysubstantially

24编辑pptex-exclusionexcretionexhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外25编辑pptV.-en.(a.+en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten-aln.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(butnot:compose,compromise)26编辑pptIII.CompoundingImmunostimulant免疫兴奋药Polyneuropathy多神经病Polyomavirus多瘤病毒

syngenesiotransplantation同血统移植术Traumaticencephalopathy外伤性脑病27编辑pptCerebrospinal脑脊髓的Cerebrotomy脑切开术Cerebrovascular脑血管的Cardiomyopathy心肌病Cardiohepatic心肝的Cardioinhibitor心动抑制药Postnasaldrip后鼻滴注Postmenopausal绝经后28编辑pptOrganrootcombiningwordsliver→hepato/a-hepatocarcinomalung

→pulmono-pulmonoaortickidney

→reno-/nephro-nephrotoxinheart

→cardio-cardiovalvularnerve→neuro-neurocytomaspleen

→splen(o)splenemia脾充血29编辑pptbrain→cerebro-cerebrovascularhead→cephal(o)cephalosporinP头孢菌素Peye→ophthalm/ophthalmoscope检眼镜skin→dermo-dermopathy皮肤病ear→oto-otologychest→thorac/o-thoracolumbar30编辑pptnose→

naso-

nasoantritis鼻上颌窦炎

throat→laryngo

laryngitis喉炎Pharynx→

Pharyng

pharyngectomy咽切除arteri/o→arteryarteriostenosis动脉狭窄vaso

→vesselvasodilation31编辑ppt描述人体器官方位：Anterior→anteriorbandofcolon结肠前带posterior

→posteriorteeth后牙superior→superiorvenacava上腔静脉inferior

→inferiorthyroidartery甲状腺下动脉32编辑pptinterbetweeninteratrial房间的IntrainsideintracellularEndointra-endocarditisPolymany,muchpolyarthritisMultimany,muchmulticuspid多尖的Hyperhigh,extrahypertension

33编辑ppthypo-low,lesshypotensionhomo-samehomolateral同侧的

homografthetero-differentheteroantigen异种抗原dys-abnormal

dysplasia发育不良

dyspnea呼吸困难

dysphonia发声困难34编辑pptcounter-againstcountercurrent逆流

countertransport反向转运

psycho-mental

psychologypsychiatryelectro-electricity

electrosynthesis

staphyl/o-葡萄、悬雍垂

staphylotoxin葡萄球菌毒素

staphyloplasty悬雍垂成形术

35编辑pptthrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis血栓性淋巴管炎

thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo-脑膜，脑脊膜

meningoencephalomyelitis

脑脊膜脑脊髓炎

meningoencephalitis脑膜脑炎36编辑pptradio-radiationradionuclideangiocardiography

放射性核素心血管造影术immuno-immunityimmunosuppressionlympho-lymphoaticlymphocytopenia

淋巴细胞减少

Strepto链球菌的

streptococcusstreptomycin37编辑pptOsteo→boneosteocystoma骨囊瘤Lumb/o→lumbarlumbodynia腰痛

lumbocostal腰肋的Syn-combining/togethersynchromism同步现象

synchronizedsleep同步睡眠Tri-threetricuspidtriphosphate三磷酸盐De-removaldehydration脱水

deceleration减速

38编辑pptSuffix:-itis

inflammationhepatitisbronchitisnephritiscolitisgastritisappendicitisotitisendocarditis

panarthritis

多发性关节炎39编辑ppt-tomy(removal)splenectomyappendectomypharyngectomy-graphy〔照像术〕cephalography测颅术cardiography心动描记法40编辑ppt-gramimagingcardiogram心动图

-scope(glass)ophthalmoscopestethoscopemicroscopetelescopemicroscopetelescope41编辑ppt-cyte(cell)leukocytemyocyte-coccus球菌

staphylococci

葡萄球菌

meningococcipneumococci

streptococci42编辑ppt-logy(sciencePsychologyPathologyPharmacologydermology-istscientistPh