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Theteachersrolesintheclassroom英语教学经
验谈
系列(英语)
Iknowwhatmystudentsneed
LadiesandGentlemen,Ifsmyhonortobehere.Mytopic
is:Iknowwhatmystudentsneed.
Actually,whenIhavebeenanEnglishteacher,1feltIhave
muchconfusion.Atfirst,Ididn'tknowwhatmystudents
need.Theydidn't
careabouttheirstudyTheyshoweddeafearstomyadvice
orcriticism.WhenIpointedouttheirmistakes,Ishould
weighmywordsoverandovernottohurttheirfeelings.At
thattime,IfeltasifIlostmywayinthesea.
Butoneday,inmyclass,somechildrenquarreledfora
student/s
football,Itookawaythatfootballandcriticizedthatboy,
hefeltverywronged.Afterclass,hetoldmethetruthof
it.Atthetime,IknewIwaswrong,1wassosorryabout
that.Fromthen,Ibagantolistentostudents.
Asateacher,Itriedmybesttoincreasechildens,
comprehensive
abilities.However,1seldomthinkaboutthequestionsin
thepositionofthestudents.Perhaps,agoodteacher
shouldbethestudents'friend;behumorousandnottoo
criticalaboutthestudents'mistakes;notonlyasksthe
studentstolistentohimbutalsolikeslisteningtothe
students;notjustfocusesonthestudents'marksbut
caresmoreaboutthestudents'developmentinmanyways.
Soafterlessonstudentscanlisten,read,write,andthink
withoutforceandpressure.
So,1graduallyknowwhattheyneedinthecourseof
learningEnglish.
Themostimportantneedisjoyandmotivation.eg.Ioften
playthegame:wordsrememberwithmySs.Igivethem5
seconds,thenIasksomeonetospell.Ifhecan't,I/II
catchthem.Fromthis,mySsneverfeelrememberwordsis
boring.Ifwecanmakeourstudentsfeel:It'sfuntohave
English
class;Iliketosingsongandplaygames;Ireallylikemy
teacher,sheisnice„We11,theycanenjoylearningwhatwe
hope,andfeelgoodaboutthemselves.
Trustandunderstandingareveryimportanttoo.Doyou
agreewithyou?Childenshouldn1tbegiventoomany
rules.Weshouldn,ttryto
forceour
ideasintotheirmindsbuttrytothinkfromthechilden's
view.We
shouldlearntoofferchildenopportunitiestotry,tocreate
andallow
themtofail.Whentheymetwithdifficulties,1often
encouragethem:"Comeon!Don'tgiveup!Youare
great\"
NowmoreandmorestudentsshowinterestsinEnglish,
rmgladtosee
that.Infact,tobeagoodteacher,Ineedtobecompetent
inEnglish;Ineedtobeversatile,Also,1needtobeableto
organize
gamesandactivities.Although,Tmonlyanewteacher
now,rm
young,butVm
tryinghardinthisway.Formystudents,I'IItrymybestto
helpthem.
Thisismytalkfrommyexperience.Thankyouforyour
attention!
ThefirstEnglishclassItaught
I'vebeenanEnglishteacherforsixyears.AndIcan'ttell
thathow
manyclassesIhavetaughtintheseyears.Butthefirst
EnglishclassItaughtistoospecialtoforget.Attheyear
of2001,whenIwalkedintotheclassroomwithenthusiasm,
IsawmystudentsofGradeFive.Theywereexcitedand
lookedatmewithbiginterestsandcuriosity.Thatwas
theirfirstEnglishclass,too.ForIhadpreparedcarefully
beforetheclass,Iwasnotnervous,butalittleexciting.
Thematerialwassoeasythatwefinisheditin20m.SoI
havehalfoftheclassleft!WhatcouldIdo?Suddenlyan
ideaoccurredinmymind.Iaskedthemtothinkoverand
tellmethefeaturesoftheirfavoriteEnglishteacher.My
smileencouragedthem.Thechildrenwereactive.ThenI
gotsomeadviceswhichIwouldvalueasmyprecious
treasureinallmyteachinglife.Tobeourfriends,theysaid,
Don'ttesttoooften,please.Keepyoursmile,
please,Ifssonice!Thekidsviedtobefirst.
UntiltodayIstillkeepthewordsinmymind.Lovethe
children,smiletothem,encouragethemandpardonthem.
Ilearnttheseinthe
firstclassItaughtandsumthemupinmylaterteaching
life.Iamsharingmyfirstclasshere,andIreallywantto
listentoyours.IhopeIwouldhavethechance.Somuch
forthis,thankyouforyourlistening.
Thestudentsandgrouplearning
Groupworkisacooperativeactivity:fivestudents,perhaps,
discussingatopic,doingarole-playorsolvingaproblem,
ingroupsstudentstendtoparticipatemoreequally,and
theyarealsomoreableto
experimentandusethelanguagethantheyareinawhole-
classarrangement.
Groupworkhasmanyofthesameadvantages,itis
mathematicallyattractiveifnotingelse;themoment
studentsgetintopairsandstartworkingonaproblemor
talkingaboutsomething,manymoreofthemwillbedoing
theactivitythaniftheteacherwasworkingwiththewhole
class,whereonlyonestudenttalksatatime.
groupworkalsogivethestudentschancesforgreater
independence.Becausetheyareworkingtogetherwithout
theteachercontrollingeverymove,theytakesomeoftheir
ownlearningdecisions,theydecidewhatlanguagetouse
tocompleteacertaintask,andtheycanworkwithoutthe
pressureofthewholeclasslisteningtowhattheyaredoing.
Decisionarecooperativelyarrivedat,responsiblitiesare
shared.Theothergreatadvantageofgroupworkisthat
theygivetheteachertheopportunitytoworkwith
individualstudents,whilegroupsaandcare
doingonetask,theteachercanspendsometimewith
groupsbwhoneedspecialattention.buttherearesome
problems,becausewithseparatetableseating,students
maynotlikethepeopletheyaregroupedorpairedwith.in
anyonegrouporpair,onestudentmaydominatewhileor
theothersstaysilent,indifficultclasses,groupworkmay
encouragestudentstobemoredisruptivetantheywould
beinawhole-classsetting,andespeciallyinaclasswhere
studentssharethesamefirstlanguage,theymayrevertto
theirfirstlanguage,ratherthanEnglish,whenthenteacher
isnotworkingwiththem.apartfromgroupwork,students
canbeoranganizedindifferentways:theycanworkasa
wholeclass,inpairsorindividually.howmuchteachersuse
groupworkpairworkorsoloworkdependstoalargeextent
onteacherstyleandstudentproferences.dothestudents
actuallyenjoypairwork?whatdotheygetoutofit?dothe
advantagesofgroupwork-cooperation
involvement,autonomy-outweighttheadvantagesof
whole-classgroupong-charitydramatic
potential,teachercontrol?dothestudentswork
conscientiouslyduringsoloworksessions?
goodteachersareabletousedifferentclassgroupingfor
differentactivities.whiletheydothis,theywillmonitor
whichismoreeffective.
Wholeclass:aswehaveseen,therearemanyoccasions
whena
teacherworkingwiththeclassasawholeisthebesttype
ofclassroomorganization,however,thisdoesnotalways
meantheclasssittinginorderlyrows;whatevertheseating
arrangement,theteacher
canhavethestudentsfocusonhimorherandthetaskin
hand.Studentscanbeorganizedindifferentways:theycan
workasawholeclass,ingroups,inpairs,orindividually.
Groupworkandpairwork:thesehavebecomeincreasingly
popularinlanguageteachingsincetheyareseentohave
many
advantages.soloworkthiscanhavemanyadvantages:it
allows
studentstoworkattheirownspeed,allowsthemthinking
timeallowstheminshorttobeindividuals.itoftenprovides
welcomerelieffromthegroupcentrednatureofmuch
languageteaching.forthetimethatsoloworktakes
place,studentscanrelaxtheirpublicfacesandgobackto
consideringtheirownindividualneedsandprogress.
Howtousebodylanguageintheclass
A:Goodmoringeveryone.ThisisCCTV-8.I'mthecompere.
Thetheme
oftodayishowtousebodylanguageintheclass.Now
welcomeourguest,ProfessorXue!(B上场)
A:Goodmorning,ProfessorXue.Welcometoourprogram,
facetoface.DoyoumindifIaskyousomequestions?
B:Notatall.Goahead,please.
A:Wewanttoknowwhatisbodylanguage?
B:Bodylanguageisanimportantmediathroughwhich
people
communicatewitheachother.Itreferstothepatternsof
facialexpressions,bodymovementsandgesturesthat
peopleusetoexpresstheirmeaningsandfeelingsin
communication.
A:Hasbodylanguagebeenusedineducation,
B:Yes.Bodylanguagehasbeenusedfrequentlyandwidely
inallkindsofareasofeducation.
A:Thenwhatkindsofbodylanguagedoteachersoftenuse
intheclass?
B:Thebodylanguagecanbedividedintothreetypes:to
explain,tocommandandtoencourage.
(1)toexplain
A:Canyoudosomebodylanguageforus,Wecanguessthe
meaning.
B:Duringthechangeinmovementsandexpressionsand
the
developmentindemonstration,theteacherwilllead
studentstoexpressinEnglishmoreeffectively.For
example,intheprocessofplanting
trees,theteachercanapethemovementstohelpthe
studentstodescribe:
A:(B做动作,A与观众一起说,可提问观众Whatdoesitmean?
About
plantingtrees?..Ifscorrect.Thankyou.礼物互动)diga
hole?put
the
youngtreeintoit?filltheholewithsomeearth?pressthe
earth
slightly?givethetreesomewater,,Itfsveryinteresting.
(2)tocommand
A:Iknowsomebodylanguagetoo.Puttheforefinger
betweentwolipsistosay:"Bequiet,please!",oneindex
fingerinthecenterofthe
otherhandistosay:"Stop!”andthetipofoneindexon
thetempleistosay:
Useyourhead!”
B:Yes.Youdidverywell.Itmeansanorderoracommand.I
shouldnodmyheadtoencourageandpraiseyou.
A:Thankyoufornotshakingyourhead.
(3)toencourage
B:Shakehandstransverselymeansfriendship;closehands
upmeans
pray;claphandsmeanswelcomeandcongratulate,thumb
uprightmeansencourage
A:Yes.DoyouknowGuoFurong,theroleintheplay.She
oftendolikethis.
B:LadiesandGentaimen,doyouknowwhatdoesitmean?
A:Doesitmeanbeautyandcool?
B:Yes
A:Aboveallweknowthattheaffectionsofteachers'body
languageon
thestudentscanshortenthedistancebetweenteachers
andstudents,bywhichamoreharmoniousstudying
atmosphereiscreated.Itwillbelikelytoleadthechildren
tosuccessinlanguagelearninganditwillmakethelessons
apleasantexperienceforthem.
A:That'sallfortoday.It'sthetimetosayGoodbye
B:Let7sfinishourtalkingbyusingbodylanguage.
A:OK
Theteacher'srolesintheclassroom
TheroleplayedbyprimaryschoolEnglishteacherandthe
teacher-student
relationshipisveryimportantinteaching.Ithinkateacher
shouldplaythe
followingroleswell:
一、Beafatherlymother
Yeshengtaosaidthatbeateacher,shouldkindness,treat
studentslikeourownbaby.Englishteacherofprimary
schoolshouldplayasamotherwell.Atthebeginningof
studyingEnglish,somestudentsareshamedtospeak,some
aremademistakeswhenspeak,somearepronouncedbad.
Atthistime,teachershouldevenmoreencouragethemlike
theirmother."Don'tworry,tryagain.
You'IIbethebest.'1ifIsaid"No"or"Sitdown",it
must
breaktheirpassion
ofEnglishstudying.DuringmycareerImetachildwhowas
performedan
operationonhislip,soitisnotclearlywhenhespeaking
English.Hewasshamedtospeakwhenintheclass,because
hewasafraidotherstudentswilllaughathim.Forthis
reason,everytime,afterheansweredaquestion,Ialways
said
"Verygood"tohimloudly.Afterseveraltimeshis
confidencewasstrengthenand
hetriedtoanswerquestionsactively.A"No"ora"It's
wrong"ofyoumay
destroyagoodtranslator.Forallabove,teachershalllead
children*sfirstEnglish
studyingwithmother,slove,helpthemtoestablish
confidence,arousetheir
interestofEnglishstudying.
二、Beagoodactor
IfinEnglishclassofprimaryschool,theteacheristhe
leaderandstudentsjustalistenerasit*sinjuniorand
seniorschool,theway
ofteachingonlyinclude
studentsreadfollowtheteacher,thenreadincollectivity,
ingroupsandin
person.Itcandestroytheinterestofstudyingofstudents
atall."Interestisthe
bestteacher",nointerestnodesireforstudying,andthe
effect
ofitcannotbetoogood.SotheEnglishteacherinprimary
schoolshouldbeaactor,andusetheiracting(e.g.kindsof
bodylanguage)tocooperatewithorallanguage.Such
assomedirectivelanguage:Standup、Sitdown、Come、
Openyour
book、One
byoneandsoon,youcancooperatewithgesticulations.
Anotherexample,somewordsforpraiseandencourage,
youcanusedifferentkindsofexpressionnotonlythe
gesticulationse.g.OKgesticulationwithsmile,Verygood
nodwith
smile,Greatshowyourthumbandpraise,Tryyourbest
makeafistand
drop-downetc.
三、Beaintimatefriend
Englishbooksareveryinterestingandfullof
characteristicsofchildren,likeLet,s
play、Let/sdo、Let'schant、Let'ssingetc.Theteacher
should
befriendof
students,youshouldsingwiththem,playwiththemasa
personwiththesameageofthem.Whenperformancea
dialogues,teachercanplaywithstudentsasarole.Inpart
lefssingteacheralwayssingingandplayingtogether
withstudents,astimepasses,thechildrenwillmakethe
teacherasafriendofthem,it'sgood
forteaching.
Anyway,Englishisnotonlyasciencebutalsoakindofact,
itneedsteacherresearchconstantlyandplayaskindsof
roleswell,thenyoucanbeagood
teacherthestudentsloved.
Howtomakemyclassactiveandinteractive
Actually,whenIsteppedtothe3-footplatformtobean
Englishteacher,I
triedmybesttomakemystudentspracticethepatterns
timeaftertime,Ihopedthattheywouldgethighmarksin
test.However,mystudentsdidn'tcareaboutit,they
showedlessattentiontomclass.
Untiloneday,astudenthadatalkwithme.He
said:"I*mlearningmanythings
that
areboring,uselessandnotvaluable.SoI'mtiredof
studying.MissMa,canyouunderstanme?"Atthattime,I
feltmyclasswaslackofactiveandinteractivepatterns.
ThenIgraduallyfoundthatmakeclassactiveand
interactiveisfromactivelearningtointeractiveteaching.
First,weshouldbeenergeticandencouraging.Because
ourpassioncanmake
classwanttolearnEnglish,theywillactwithnatureand
showmorepotentialabilities.Also,weshouldpraisein
variousways.Inourclassweoftensay"good,verygood”
thesimplewordnotonlymakethemactiveinclass,butalso
fostertheirsenseof
achievementinfuturelearing..
Secondly,weshouldmakeclassmeaningfulandcreative.In
class,wecanusethe
shortandsimplesentence,usethebodylanguageto
communicatewithstudents.Weshouldgivestudentsclear
purposeandofferthemopportunitiestotry,tocreateand
allowthemtofail.Makesuretheclassrelaxingand
interactive,befamiliartothefeelingofEnglishlanguage.
Comingupnextisorganizinggamesandactivities.You
know,activityisthekey
partofclass.Includingpairedwork,competitions,roleplay,
guessinggame,TPR
activities,andsoon.WhateverIuse,Ishouldoften
changetheway.FromstudentsandI;studentand
student;tostudentsandstudents.Makeallclass.
Thelastbutnottheleastishelpingtheclassfeel
comfortablewithaskingme
questionsandansweringmyquestions.Todothis,donot
criticizeanyquestionsfromstudents.Thiswillinsurethat
studentswillcontinuetoaskquestions.Dogivemore
chancetostudentsaskandanswer,makestudentsand
ourselveslearninteractively.So
afterclassstudentscanlisten,read,write,thinkwithout
forceandpressure,keepinginterestsandmotivation.
Thisismytalkfrommyexperience,sharingwithyoutoday.
Thankyouforyourattention!
HowdoyouthinkaboutEnglish?
Englishisjustasortoflanguage,SpeakingEnglishis
somethingthateverybodycandonowadays,andagood
Englishlevelisalsothebasicrequirementforagood
positioninsomehugemultinationalenterprisies!but
speakingagoodEnglishdoesn'tmeanucoulddo
everythingulike,cozit'sjustakindaofcommunication
tool!justatoolnotaspecialkindofskill!
Teacheringislearning
Mostofushereareteachers,andIbelieveweallwantto
begood
teachers.Buthowdoesitcome?Ithinkseveralqualities
aredefinitelynecessary:academicknowledge,the
understandingofchildren,
andthetechniquesandmethodsforteaching.Asthe
sayinggoes:Thereisnothebest,butonlythebetter.For
ourteachers,itmeansweshouldkeepgoingonourjob,
improveourownabilitiesandskillsofteaching.Wedo
havealotofwaystoimproveourselves,butnomatter
whatkindofprogresswemake,wegetthemthroughthe
sameway,thatis——learning.Iappreciateeveryopportunity
thatIcanlearn.Fromthetextbooks,fromtheother
teachers,fromthestudents,evenfromeveryclassIhold.
Thiswaymightbehardbutwithpleasure.
Howtoteachstudentstolearnathorn
Englishisoneofthemostsubjectsinschool.Almostof
studentsknowtheyshouldlearnEnglishwell,butfew
ofthemknowhowtolearnitwell.KarlMarkhassetagood
exampleforus.Heoncesaid,'whenoneislearninga
foreignlanguage,hemustusethelanguagesInthisway,
hecoulduseseverallanguages.Asayinggoes,“practice
makesperfect."WhenstudentslearnEnglishbythemselves
athome,theyshouldreadmore,speakmore,listento
Englishfromtimetotimeandpracticewritingeveryday.
Don'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.Onlyinthiswaythey
canlearnitwell.
Itisimportantforstudentstohaveagoodhabitof
studyingEnglishbythemselvesathome.Ioftentellmy
studentsifyouhavetimeyoushouldtryyourbesttobe
interestedinEnglish,andstudentEnglish.Beforeyou
beginstudyingEnglish.Youshouldaskyourselfthis
question."whydoIwanttostudyEngIish,Isitbecause
youwantto,orbecausesomeoneelsewantsyouto?"
Like
everydecisioninlife,studyingEnglishmustbesomething
youwanttodo.Setgoalsifyouknowwhyyouwantto
study.Settinggoalsiseasy.Forexample,maybeyouwant
totraveltoanEnglish-speakingcountry,maybeyouwant
tobeatranslator.YoumuststudyEnglishwell.The
importantthingistoberealistic.
UsingyourEnglishwheneveryoucan.Thisisvery,very
important.ThemoreyouuseEnglish,themoreyouwant
tolearnit.BecauseEnglishisverypopular,youcanuseit
everywhere.Forexample,youcanwatchAmerican
cartoons,
youcanreadinterestingbooksinEnglish.Youwillwant
tolearnmore.SoyouwilllearnEnglishmore,useitmore,
learnitmore,useitmore,,„ifyoualsouseeffective
learningwaysyourEnglishwillgrowfasterthanyoucan
imagine.
Free-writingalsocanbeveryuseful.Forexample,keep
diaries,writee-mails,writesomethingyouwanttowrite
andsoon.Itcanshowyouthatwritingisfun.Thisway
canimproveyourEnglish.
ListeningplaysanimportantroleinEnglish.Youshould
listentoEnglishasmuchaspossibleinyourfreetime.For
example,listentoEnglishsongs,Englishstoriesandso
on.Itcanimproveyourlisteningskills.
Inaword.studentsshouldstudyEnglishingoodwaysand
haveagoodhabitofstudying,andtrytobeinterested
inEnglish.Teachersshouldhelpthemtosetupconfidence
andimprovetheirEnglish.
Iknowsheneedsmyhelp.
Educationisnotfillingabucket,butlightingthefire.the
teacher'srole
isnotonlyateller,butalsoaclosefriendandahelper.
TodayI'dliketotellyouaboutastudentnamedliliinmy
class.
Sheisashystudent.intheclass,sheneverputherhandto
Volunteerto
answerthequestions.SometimesIaskhersomequestions
orletherto
dotherolereading,shejuststoodthereandkeptsilence
andtheface
flushedred.Sometimesevensleptintheclass.Somany
otherstudents
didn'tlikehertoroleplaying,gamedoingtogether.
Onceninicameintomyofficeandsaidtomesadly:miss
he,Isorry.I
havetried,butIcan'tdoanythingwellandIknownoone
likesme.I'm
abadchild.Icanunderstandthegirl'sfeeling.Sheneeds
more
encouragementandmorehelptogettheconfidence.soI
smiledandsaid
friendlyiyouareagoodstudent,youcandoeverything
well.andwealllike
you.youjustbelieveyourselfandpleasedon'tsleepinthe
class,ok?
Sincethat,thegirldidn'tsleepintheclassanymore.Can
youguessif
shecandoagoodjobintheclass?Yes!Off
course.Now,sheisoneofthe
topstudentsinmyclass.
She/heisnotabadchild
FouryearsagoItaughtaboy.HisChinesenameis
Gaozhuanzhong.AndhehasanEnglishname---Winson,he
gavethisnametohimself.Hecametomyclassinthethird
gradefromMacau.Andhesoongotaname"badluck
god”,inChinese瘟神.Hewassimplyalittletiger.He
didn,t
getwellwitheveryone,bothhisclassmatesandteachers.
Hisroutinejobwasfighting,quarrelling,orannoyingthe
teachers.HereIgiveoneofhissuchcases.Oneday,whileI
wasteachinginhisclass,insteadofpayingattentiontothe
lesson,hereadastory-booksecretly.Iorderedhimtoput
awaythestorybook.Hesaidok,whilehethrewawayall
hisEnglishbooksoutoftheclassroomandsaid,"Idon't
likeyourEnglish,andIdon'tneedyourEnglishbooksat
all."Inearlycried.Infactwehad
contactedhisparentsandhisgrandmamanytimes.Atthat
momenthelivedwithhisgrandma.Theygrandchildand
grandparentlivedtogetherinShunde,andhisparents
workedinMacau.Theyseldomcameback..Atthattime,
hebroughtusendlesstroubleandannoyance,notonlyhis
classmateswerescaredofhim,butalsoourteacherswere
scaredofhim.Becauseourschoolisaboardingschool,
mostoftimehestayedintheschool,andwehadtoface
himeveryday.Heobligedmetomanagetofindawayto
solvethisproblem.Oneday,Iwroteonelettertohis
grandmawithanenvelopunsealed,beforehecamehome
onFridayafternoon,Itoldhimtotakethelettertohis
grandmawithhim.Itwasamiraclethatsincethenextweek,
hechangedalot.Atleast,whenIaskedhimtofinish
homework,hedidasyouordered,andseldomreadstory
booksinclass.Whathappened?Itwastheletter.Infact
theletterwastowritetohim,nottohisgrandma.Inthe
letter,Iwrotebothhisbadhabitsandgoodhabits,for
example,hereadalotofbooksandknewalot.Heoften
foughtwithothersandannoyedteachers.Butatthesame
time,toldhisgrandma,weteachersshouldtryourbestto
teachhimwell.Becausehewasasmartboy.Fromthis
letter,heknewhowwecaredabouthim,hereallyknewall
theteachersdonewasgoodforhim.He
graduatedlastsummer.HeevenvisitedmeOnlastChinese
NewYear
withseveralofhisformerclassmates.Fromthiscase,Iwill
say,nokids
arebadchildrenaslongasyoureallycarethem.
Whatcanwedowhenastudentfailsintalking
bodylanguagesaredifferentindifferentnations,andit
alsodoesconfousepeople,norecommend.thebestwayis
learnasmuchasenglishstudentscouldbeforechatting.
whatcanwedowhenastudentfailsintalkingWhenweare
givingsomeEnglishlessons,wewanttotalkwiththe
studentsinclassasmoreaswecanasameasureof
practicingoralEnglish.But,unfortunately,thestudentsare
shyandtimidandforgetful,asaresult,thestudentsfailin
talkingfromtimetotime.Thafsreallyabigproblem.
Ialwaysthinkingofthereason,whythestudentscan't
opentheirmouthandsayjustabitsimpleEnglishthat
learnedago.Astimegoesby,Igetalittlereasonandknow
whattodotodealwithitalittle.First,thelanguage
environmentisveryimportant.Ifthepeoplesurrounding
aretalkinginEnglish,howcanyousayChinese?So,asa
startingpoint,IputtheEnglishcontentsonthewall,on
theblackboard,andevenoutsidetheclassroom.Whenthey
walkpast,theycanseeit,sometimes,theywillreadit,
sometimes,theywilltalkaboutit,that,sthefirstwayto
rendertheEnglishenvironment.
Second,wecanrearrangetheclassr
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