Lesson7高级英语课程教案第一册

PAGEPAGE15TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingAims1.ImprovingReadingSkillsunderstandingsciencewriting2.EnrichingVocabularyenlargingvocabularycultivatingstudents’senseofwordbuildingunderstandingthatsynonymshavefineshades3.ImprovingWritingskillsMakingeffectiveuseofspecificverbsandadjectivesEmployingvariousmethodstomakescientificwritingunderstandableandinterestingTeachingActivitiesVocabulary1hourTextAnalysis4hoursDiscussion3hoursPractice2hoursTeachingProcessI.WarmingupII．IntroductiontoAdditionalBackgroundKnowledgeIII.TextAnalysis IntroductiontothePassageEffectiveWritingSkillsRhetoricalDevicesSpecialDifficultiesIV.QuestionsAssignmentWriteashortcompositiononthetopic:Isthecomputerahumanizingordehumanizingfactor/ReferenceBooksLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglishAHandbookofWritingEnglishRhetoric&WritingOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish《英语修辞大全》AGuidetoAdvancedEnglishBritanniaEncyclopedia附页TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsWarming-upActivitiesElicitsomeinformationabouttheelectronicrevolutionfromstudentsDiscusstheconveniencesandinconveniencesbroughtbycomputers.附页TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsAdditionalBackgroundInformationAboutByzantineartDesignationofworksoftransitionalstyleoftheByzantineEmpire,whichcameintobeingasaresultoftheadaptationofEarlyRomanarttotherequirementsoftheChristianfaithandwhichflourishedfrom328-1453A.D.INarchitectureitwascharacterizedbydomesonsubstructureswith4ormorecorners.Inpaintingitwascharacterizedbyapreferencefrobrightcolors(gold,blue)andaustere,slenderfigures.AboutOxfordtutorialAsystemofinstructionpracticedatOxfordUniversity,AboutWellsianfantasyFantasyinthesciencefictionstories(TheTimeMachine,TheFirstMenintheMoon.Etc.)writtenbytheEnglishnovelistH.G.wells(1866-1946)附页TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(Vocabulary)Inenrichingstudents’vocabulary,focusesaretobeonthefollowingaspects:SpellingandPronunciationSynonymsOppositesSimilarwordsandexpressionsCultivatestudents’sensitivenesstoworld-building附页TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(Discussion)Specialdifficultiesunderstandingsometermsconcerningcomputerparaphrasingsomedifficultsentencespropernamesandtradenamesareusedascommonnouns.QuestionsWhatwasthecomputerof25yearsagolike?Whatisthemiraclechipoftodaylike?DescribeadayofMr.Aandhiswife.Whatrolewillcomputersplayineducation,motor-manufacturing?Whatisthesignificanceofthecomputerrevolution?Themethodstheauthoremployedtomakehiswritinginterestingthepronoun“it”isusedforseveraltimeswithoutrevealingwhatitrefersto,withtheintentionofarousingreaders’curiositytheapplicationofsomefigureofspeechthesimplepresenttensetheuseofwell-knownfiguresofsomeliteraryworkspropernamesandtradenamesareusedascommonnouns.附页TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(TextAnalysis1)IntroductiontothePassageThetextisascientificpieceofwriting,takenfroma15specialsectionentitled“TheComputerSociety”presentedbytheAmericanmagazineTime,February20,1978.Inthestorythewriterpredictsintheageofmiraclechips,whatourliveswillbelooklike.RhetoricalDevicesPersonification,synecdoche,metaphor,metonymyEffectiveWritingSkillsMakingeffectiveuseofspecificverbsandadjectivesEmployingvariousmethodstomakescientificwritingunderstandableandinteresting附页TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(TextAnalysis2EnglishVersion)1.Miraclechips:Amiracleisaneventoractionthatapparentlycontradictsknownscientificlawsandishencethoughttobedutosupernaturalcauses,especiallytoanactofGod.Achipisatinysquareofamaterial,suchassilicon,processedtohavespecificelectroniccharacteristics.Therefore,miriclechipsarethesessiliconsquarescapableofaccomplishingincredibletasks.aerialviewofarailroadswitchingyard:Arailroadswitchingyardisanareawhererailroadtrainsaremadeupandcarsareswitched,stored,orserviced.Themiraclechiplookslikearailroadswitchingyardlookedatfromanairplaneorhelicopterflyingabove..fortheso-calledmiraclechips…25yearsago:Thistinyfleckcanstoreasmuchinformationasthehugecomputersofthepast.Thesechipshavesuchanextraordinarycapabilitythattheyalmostseemtoperformmiracle.UnlikethehulkingCalibans…infinitelyversatileandconvenient:Chipshaveevolvedfromcomputerswhichweremadeofmanyvacuumtubesandlotofwires.TheywereclumsyanduglylikeCaliban.(SeeNote4).Sincetheymadeofsilicon,chipscanbeproducedeasilyandinexpensivelyonalargescale(cheapandeasytoproduce).Theycandoalimitlessnumberofoperations(infinitelyversatile)anddothemrapidly(fast).Theyareeasytohandleandoperate(convenient).Thereforethechipsareamajoradvanceovertheearliermodelsofcomputers.thebulkingCalibansof…:vacuumtubesandtangledwireslikethehulkingCalibans,e.g.Sheisafineofawoman.Theywentintoacaveofaroom.Heisanidotofaman.Tangledwires:notliterallytangled;somanywiresthattheyappeartothecasualobserverasiftheyweretangledTheworld’sfirstelectroniccomputermadein1946intheU.S.had18,000electronictubes,weighing130tons,occupyingafloorspaceof170squaremetres.Themiraclechiprepresentsadevelopment…thediscoveryofthesteamengine:…isagreattechnicaldevelopmentformankind.Itisasimportantasthedevelopmentofhandtoolsortheinventionofthesteamengine.Beforetools,peoplehadonlytheirhandstousefordoingandmakingthings.Asteamengineisanenginethatconvertsheatenergyofpressurizedsteamintomechanicalenergy.Beforethesteamengine,everythingwasoeratedbysourcesofenergyfounddirectlyinnaturehuman,animal,windandwaterpower.Therefore,thedevelopmentof“miraclechips”isatechnicalbreakthrough,justlikethedevelopmentof….Withthechip,amazingfeatsofmemoryand…ababy’snurrury:Bymeansofthechip,wearenowabletoperformwonderfulfeatsofstoringinformationandcarryingoutprogrammedinstructionsineveryfieldfrom…toababy’snursery.memory:INelectronics,itmeansthecomponentsofacomputer,guidancesystem,etc.designedtoaccept,store,andrecallinformationorinstructionsLiving:Pushbuttonpower:Itmeanspushbuttonpowerwillplayanimportantpartinliving(dailyhouseholdchoreswillbeperformedbypushbuttonpowerintheageofmiraclechips).aselectiverundown(orderedupthenightbefore)ofallthe…political,monetary:Thenightbefore,Mr.A.hadplacedhisorderforasummaryoftheparticularworldnewsthatinterestshim,namelynewsabouttheeconomy.Apersoncaninstructthecomputertoselectonlythosekindsofitemsheisinterestedin.Thelatter-dayAladdin:themodernAladdin.Notetheanalogy.HerethefuturemaniscomparedtoAladdininTheArabianNights,andthemiracleshipsaretothegenie.ForAladdin,seeNote8tothetext.issuesastringofbusinessandpersonalmemos:Hegivesforthaseriesofbothapersonalandbusinessnature.Sinceitdoesnotsayotherwise,hemusthavegiventhemessagesorally.Hereitisnotnecessarytowriteitsincethe“geniescreen”willrecorditforhim.eyeball-to-eyeball:similartoface-to-faceandeye-to-eye.Ofthethree,face-to-faceistheleastforceful;eye-to-eyeismoreforcefulthanface-to-face,buteyeball-to-eyeballisthemostforceful.Asimilarphraseisnose-to-nose,butitimpliesonthevergeofconflict,e.g.thetwoboyswerenose-to-nosewhentheteacherarrivedandpreventedafight.memorybank:computerscanreceiveandstore,andsortoutatremendousamountofinformation.Theycanalsogiveforthinformationthathasbeenreceived,storedandsorted.Thestorageofinformationiscalledamemorybank.Thebringforthofthatinformationiscalledinformationretrieval.AlicethenjoinsateleviseddiscussiononByzantine:ThecomputerhasinformationstoredonByzantineart(seeNote12tothetext).Alicehasretrievedthisinformationfromthecomputer.Thecomputerteachesinthesamewayabookdoes.Nowshejoinsadiscussiongroupofpeopleindifferentlocationswhohearandseeeachotherthroughspecialtelevisionapparatus.Al(Laddy)Jr.:AlisusuallydiminutiveforAlbert,butinthiscaseitisforAladdin,whichcanalsobeshortenedtoLaddy.Jr.standsforjunior,whichmeansthesonhasthefirstnameashisfather.FatherwouldbeAlSr.(senior).Thisisonlydonewithmen’snames.Ifthenamecontinuesforthethirdgeneration,Romannumerals(I.II.III.etc.)areused.Thishappensmainlyamongupperclassfamilies,e.g.JohnRockefellerI,II,III.barringheadaches,tummyachesandheartaches:withtheexceptionof…Theauthorhereimpliesthatthesearetheonlyproblemsthecomputercan’tsetright.Llthankstothemiracle…timeconsumingtasks:Suchalifewillbepossiblebecauseoftheamazingcapabilitiesoftheveryinexpensivemicrocomputerswhichwillrelievehumansofatremendousvarietyofdrearyjobs.Superhasbecomeaverycommonprefix,meaningtoaverygreat,extraordinaryextent.Itcanrefertosize,amount,quality,degree,e.g.supermarket,superabundant,superman,supernatural.Theworditselfisanewslang,meaningideal,first-rate.Themicroelectronicrevolutionpromisesto…bytheutopians:Thebreakthroughinmicroelectronicswillchangepeople’slifeinwaysnoonehaseverthoughtofbefore.Herethewordpromisemeanstogiveabasis,causeforexpecting,e.g.1)Thedarkcloudspromiserain.2)Theautumncropspromisetobeagoodharvest.Utopians:zealousreformersofsocietybutnotatallpractical.Peoplewithavisionaryschemeforanideallyperfectsociety.Thesepeopleareoftenthoughtofasdreamers.Therefore,eventhosedreamersneverdreamedofsuchpossibilities.maybeinvestedwithinspiritingqualityofanOxfordtutorial:Publiceducationmaybefurnishedwithclose,individualattentiontostudentswhichtheOxfordtutorialsystemoffers.Usuallytoinvestmeanstoputmoneyintobusiness.Hereitmeanstofurnishwithpower,privilege,orauthority.Inthemicroelectronicvillage,thehomewillbeagainbe…beforetheIndustrialRevolution:BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,thehomewasthecenterofsociety,thecenterofproduction.Withthecomputer,societywillseemsmallerandclosertogether.Comment:ThehomewillnotbecomethecenterofproductionagainlikebeforetheIndustrialRevolution,butitwillbecomethecenterofmoresocialactivities.thedevice’subiquitouseye:figurative.Actuallyit’sasensor,i.e.adevicethatcanreceiveandrespondtosignalorstimulus,inthiscasepossiblyheat.Thusthedevicecantellwherepeopleareatalltimesasifithadeyeseverywhere.Paperclutterwilldisappear…thekitchenbulletinboard:Computerswillbeprogrammedtostoreandsortinformationhavingtodowiththemaintainingofthehousehold.Thiswilleliminatealotofpaperworkinvolvedinthiskindofjob.Whileitmaybeanumberofyearsbeforetheaveragehousewife…ever-growingnumberofsupermarkets:Anincreasingnumberofsupermarketshavethebasiccomputerequipmentwhichinanumberofyearscanbeadaptedtomakeshoppingwithoutleavinghomepossible.themass-producedhomogeneityoftheassemblyline:Theassemblylineisanefficientandusuallyquitehighlyautomatedmethodofproduction.Itcanproducelargequantitiesofexactlythesameitem.Homogeneitymeansuniforminstructureandcomposition.MiddleandupperclassAmericansstronglyreactagainstuniformity.Ideologyofindividualismemphasizesdifferencesamongpeople,notthecharacteristicstheyshareincommon.Thereforetheyaredispleasedbytheuniformresultsofassemblylinemassproduction.Uniformproductsareseenasdehumanizing,asrobbingpeopleoftheirhumanqualities,becauseeachpersonwantstobeseenasspecialordifferentfromeveryoneelse.theproductioncommandedanddirectedbycomputer:Theauthorimaginesacomputerprogrammedwithavastvarietyofclothingandshoestyleswhichcanbeputtogetherinanoriginaldesignbythecustomerasheorshepleases.Thenthecustomerpressesbuttonstoinstructthecomputerwhichcommandsanddirectsthemachinesthatmaketheproduct.Thecustomer-madeobject,nowrestrictedtotherich,willbewithineveryone’sreach:Sincecustom-madegoodsmustbeindividuallydesignedandproduced,theyrequiremuchmorelabourandtimethanassemblylineproductsandveryfewpeoplecannowaffordthem.Theauthorclaimseveryonewillbeabletoaffordtheminthefuturewhenthecomputerdirectstheirproduction.thecomputerhasbecomeahumanizingfactor…intimidatingdoctor:Thecomputermakeiteasierforthepatientstotalkmorefreelyandfranklyoftheirtroubles.Doctorsaretoooftenoverworkedanddonothavesufficienttimeforathroughcheckup.Becauseofthis,orapoorbedsidemanner,orbecausesomedoctorsspeakinatechnicallanguagemanypeopledon’tunderstand,orbecausetheirstatusissomuchhigherthanordinarypeople,theysometimesfrightenpatients.Thecomputer,however,cangetcompleteinformationonthepatient’ssymptoms,regimentandmedicalbackgroundComputertechnologymaymakethecar…antique:Theapplicationofcomputertechnologytotheautomobilemightmakethepresent-daycarsoout-of-datethatitwillbeputinamuseumasanexhibit.theultimateauto:theveryadvancedcarofthefuture.Tobeprecise,thewordultimateshouldnotbeusedforscientificortechnicaldevelopmentssinceitimpliesnofurtherprogressispossible.1978Cadillac:Cadillacisabrandname.Eachcompanymake3to4carswithbrandnames.SevilleisoneofthemodelsofCadillac,anexpensivecar.1978:theyearitwasmade.MostmodelsofAmericancarschangeevery2or3years;someeveryyear.Thereforetofullyidentifyacar,thenameofthecompany,brand,modelandtheyearitwasmademustbegiven.accommodateapencil-sizedportablephone:containatelephonethesizeofapencilthatcanbecarried(orpluggedintodeviceinacar)moreexampleswithaccommodate:Iwillaccommodatemyplanstoyours.(adjust)Thattablecanaccommodatemorethantendiners.(havespacefor)Thehotelbeingbuiltcanaccommodate800quests.(providelodgingfor)Thebankwillaccommodateuswithaloan.(helpbysupplying)32.Theyarerevivifyingsoporificstudents…beyondthekenofmostteachers:Thecomputersareinstillingnewenthusiasmintoboredstudentsbypromisingandprovidingintellectualstimulationinawaythatmostteachersdonotknowhowtodo TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(TextAnalysis2ChineseVersion)1.Itistiny：此处it指miraclechip。该词一直到第二段才出现。这里，作者只介绍其性能和特点，而不直接点出其名称，造成一种悬念，从而引起读者的好奇心。2.Navahorug：一种由美国那伐鹤人(美国西南部的印第安人)编织的、上面饰有复杂几何图案的毯子。3.ItismademostlyOfsilicon，nexttooxygenthemostabundantelementonthesurfaceoftheearth：简单句。Themostabundantelement为silicon的同位语，nexttooxygen可看作后置定语，修饰silicon。4．UnlikethehulkingCalibansof…andconvenient：简单句。主语it指代前面提到的miraclechip。形容词(短语)cheap，easytomassproduce，fast，versatileandconvenient作并列表语。Tomassproduce中的mass是名词，作状语。类似的说法还有，ThelatheisChinamade．这台机床是中国制造的。Theseedingsaremachineplanted.这些秧苗是由机器插的。5.Caliban：凯列班，莎士比亚《暴风雨》中一个半人半兽的怪物。这里用来喻指老式计算机。世界上第一台电子计算机是1946年美国制造的，它有18000个电子管，重130吨，占有170立方米的空间。6.Themiraclechip…ofthesteamengine：复合句。注意that引导的定语从句修饰的是adevelopment，而不是mankind或technology。过去分词短语associatedwith…orthediscoveryofthesteamengine作后置定语，修饰significance。句中的discovery一词用在这里并非是最佳词选，因为该词含有“发现”，即“找到已经存在之事物”的意思。如果换用development(开发)或invention(发明)则更好。7.JustastheindustrialRevolution…sothemicrocomputerisrapidly…inwaysthatmanhasonlybeguntograsp：主从复合句。这里的as…so不作“因为……所以”解，而作“正像……一样，也……”解。其连词as和so用来连接两个概念，指出程度上或关系上相似的地方。as引出的是方式状语从句(为了加强语气，还可以在as之前加just)，so引出的是主句(有时可以倒装)。又如；AsthesunisthecentralbodyOfthesolarsystem，soisthenucleustothecoreoftheatom．正如太阳是太阳系的中心体一样，原子核也是原子的中心。JustaswateristhemostimportantOfliquids，soairistheimportantofgases．正如水是最重要的液体一样，空气也是最重要的气体。IndustrialRevolution：产业革命，指从农业和手工业经济转变到以工业和机器制造业为主的经济的过程。这一过程是18世纪在美国开始的，又从美国传播到世界其他各地。产业革命既涉及到工艺方面，又涉及到社会、经济、文化方面的。它经历了两个阶段：1760—1830年期间的第一次产业革命，大体上仅发生在美国；20世纪期间，尤其在20世纪后半叶才显示出重大的意义的第二次产业革命或新产业革命。8.Withthechip，amazingfeatsofmemory.．．fromouterspacetoababy'snursery：此处使用排比修辞手法,即用三个“from…to…”并列结构作ineverything的同位结构，把计算机在各个行业和领域的作用表达得清清楚楚。9.Living：PushbuttonPower：这是一个副标题，意思是在未来的生活中，许多事情只要一按电钮就办成了。注意，在这一部分的头两个自然段中，作者为了表达生动形象，全部用现在时态来表示将来的动作。10.burr：拟声词，意为“发出嘎嘎声(makeawhirringsound)”，。这是发“r”音时小舌颤动发出的音，多为英格兰北部和苏格兰的地方音。

11.aselectiverundown.．．1egislative，political，monetary：注意句中三个形容词，即legislative，political和monetary，都修饰events。12.Aladdin：阿拉丁，《天方夜谭》中的一个青年，一个穷寡妇的儿子。他发现了一盏神灯和魔圈，并借助它们的神力发了大财，后来娶了哈里发(伊斯兰教国家政教合一的领袖的尊号)的女儿为妻。注意此处作者采用比拟修辞手法，把未来的人比作阿拉丁，将神奇的硅集成电路比作神奇的宝物。13.issuesastringofbusinessandpersonalmemos：这一部分的意思为“发出一系列有关生意和个人私事方面的备忘录信息(givesforthaseriesOfmessage“bothapersonalandbusinessnature)。memo是单数memorandum的简缩形式，其复数形式有两种，即memoranda和memorandums。14.AliceA．：指艾丽斯·阿拉丁夫人。作者选用“艾丽斯”这个名字，也许是想让读者眼前浮现出《艾丽斯漫游奇境记》中的小姑娘艾丽斯的形象来。15.eyeball-to-eyeball：面对面的，针锋相对的。用作复合形容词，意同1ace-to-face和eye-to-eye。其中face-to-face语气最轻，eye-to-eye比face-to-face语气重，eyeball-to-eyeball的语气最重。Nose-to-nose也是这个意思，不过它暗示出近于发生冲突的地步。16.Pressingacoupleofkeys.．.，startingat7：15p．m．：简单句。现在分词短语Pressing…onthekitchenterminal作时间状语。主语she共有3个并列谓语，即orders…，tells…anddirects…。Startingat?；15p．m．作伴随状语，说明作宾语补足语的不定式短语toreach…，也就是说，其逻辑主语是theovens。17.Byzantineart：拜占廷艺术。指中世纪拜占廷帝国(以君士坦丁堡为中心)以及受其影响的诸地区的建筑、绘画以及其他视觉艺术。具有拜占廷式艺术特征的绘画与建筑风格最早形成于6世纪，这种风格直到1453年土耳其人攻占君士坦丁堡，帝国最终瓦解时为止。18.A1("Lady”)Jr：A1通常是Albert的昵称。但此处是Aladdin的昵称。Aladdin可简写为Laddy。Jr．是单词junior的缩写形式，常用在与父同名的儿子的姓名后，如JohnSmithJr．(小约翰·史密斯)。如果是连续三代同名，一般是在姓名后加上罗马数字表示，如JohnRockefellerI(约翰·洛克菲勒一世)。19.Wellsianfantasy：威尔士式的科学幻想。英国科幻小说作家H．G·威尔士(1866—1946)写了大量的科幻小说，小说中提出的许多幻想(如他的科幻小说《第一批登上月球的人》所提出的幻想等)，后来都成了现实。Wellsian是Wells的形容词，是作者杜撰的一个词。这个问句实际上是一个省略疑问句，也可称片断疑问句。完整的形式应该是：IsallthisaWellsianfantasy?20.Allthankstothemiracle.．.time-consumingtasks：这个句子可看作是Allisthanksto…，即省去了连系动词is。Thesupercheapchip…是前面themicrocomputer的同位语。that从句为主语从句，修饰其前的thesupercheapchip。supercheap是一个杜撰词。super是一个普通的前缀，意思是“超越的”，“巨大的”，可指范围、数量、质量、程度(如supermarket，superabundant，superman，superpower等)。此处的super本身是一个新的俚语词，意思是“理想的”、“第一流的”。21.Massproductionofthemiraclechip.．.andpriceswillcontinuetofall：注意，句中的possible是宾语补足语。由于宾语homecomputersystems后跟有一个较长的定语从句，为避免头重足轻，故将其补足语前置。22.Energycostswillbe…where“isnot：多重复合句。Energycostswillbecutbyacomputerizeddevice为主句，thatwilldirect…为定语从句，修饰其前的device；这个定语从句有两个并列谓语，即willdirect…和turnitdown…，两个并列成分各自带有一个地点状语从句，即whereitisneeded和whereitisnot(needed)。23.While“maybeanumberOfyears.．.ofsupermarkets:根据这一段的逻辑意义来看，连词while在这里引导的是让步状语从句，与although同义，作“虽然”、“尽管”解。while引导的让步状语从句只能位于句首。又如：Whileyouarenottheonlypersontoblame，youareprincipallyresponsibleforit.你虽不是唯一承担过失的人，却是负主要责任的人。24.InnoareaofAmericanlifeispersonalservicesopreciousasinmedicalcare：此句语序倒装以示强调。其正常的语序应是：PersonalserviceinanyotherareaofAmericanlifeisnotsopreciousasinmedicalcare．25.thecomputerhasbecomeahumanizingfactorthan…toaharassedandpossiblyintimidatingdoctor：该句谓语动词用现在完成时，是为了表朋所叙之事已经发生，虽然目前还限于小范围内，处于试验阶段。

26.Smithsonian(Institution)：由美国科学家卜史密森捐款创建的研究机构，按照美国国会法令于1846年在首都华盛顿建立。设有董事会，由美国副总统、最高法院院长、3名参议员、3名众议员和6名非官方人士组成。史密森学会领导美国艺术档案馆、库珀-休伊特装饰艺术和设计博物馆、国家航空航天博物馆、国立历史和技术博物馆等近20个机构。27.FordMotorCo．：福特汽车公司，美国第二大汽车制造业公司，1903年6月由H·福特(1863—1947)和11位同业投资人所创办。19)9年7月公司改组，福特及其妻、儿获得公司的全部股权。直到1956年1月公司的普通股票公开在市场出售以前，福特家族和福特基金会(1936年成立)是公司仅有的股东。现在公司的业务为制造、装配、销售轿车(福特、水星、林肯、大陆等牌)、卡车、拖拉机及有关的零件和附件；它还研制、生产消费用(飞歌牌)和航天工业用(包括通讯卫星和气象卫星)的电子产品和器具。28.ContinentMarkV：大陆牌V型轿车，属福特汽车公司生产的一种豪华型轿车，其价格大约为普通轿车的四倍。29.GeneralMotors(Corporation):通用汽车公司，美国最大的汽车制造公司，也为世界销售量最大的工业公司(除石油生产商以外)。1908年合并几家汽车公司成立。现在美国、加拿大和其他许多国家从事汽车的装配、制造和销售业务。产品有轿车、卡车、汽车部件、机车、发动机、矿业和建筑业机械、国防和航空航天器材、商用和家用器械等。30.1978CadillacSeville：Cadillac是商标名，即汽车牌名。每一个公司制有3到4种不同牌名的轿车。Seville是Cadillac的一种型号，一种很贵重的轿车。每一种牌多不止一种型号，有的有几种型号。1978是轿车制造(或出厂)的年份。大多数美国轿车的型号每

两年或三年更换一次，有的是每年换一次。因此，在辨认一辆小轿车时，要注意它的公司名、牌名、型号和制造年份。31.M．I．T．：是MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工学院)的缩略词。它是一所私立的男女合校的高等学府，以其科学训练和研究闻名。1861年获得马萨诸塞州颁发的办学许可证。尽管该学院也开设文科和人文科学课程，但它最强调的仍然是工程、社会科学、自然科学和管理学的基本研究。32．hassled：意为“令人讨厌的”，“捣乱的”(bothered，troubled)，是一个非正式用词，现在被广泛地使用，尤其是在青少年中间。附页TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTeachingActivities(Practice)ParaphrasingsomedifficultsentencesThemicroelectronicrevolutionpromisestoease,enhanceandsimplifylifeinmanywasundreamedofevenbytheutopians.Thecustom-madeobject,nowrestrictedtotherich,willbewithineveryone’sreach.……TranslatingsomesentencesandparagraphsEx.IIIthethreeprefixesthatarefrequentlyusedMicro-,mini-,andsuperReviewingsomeoftheimportantexpressionsusedinthetextPerform,tobecapableof,capability,rundown,tomass-produce,tobewithinthereach,toestimate,toaffect,tube,tobeconvenientOralworkISthecomputerahumanizingordehumanizingfactor?Theauthortriestomakehissciencewritinginterestingandpopular.Whataresomeofthemethodsheemploystoachievethis?附页TextBook《高级英语》由张汉熙主编,外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit7TheAgeofMiracleChipsTranslation神奇的集成电路片时代(节选)新生的微型技术将使社会发生巨变这是一个极小的薄片，只有大约四分之一英寸见方。在显微镜下看起来，它就像一幅繁花似锦的那伐鹤地毯，或是一幅铁路调车场的鸟瞰图。像海滩上的沙粒一样，它的主要成分是硅——地球表面除氧之外蕴含量最为丰富的元素。然而，这种惰性小薄片——大多数美国人尚不熟悉——却具有惊人的本领，正在使我们的社会发生着巨变。这种被称为神奇的集成电路片的东西有着与二十五年前制造出的足有一间房子大的老式计算机相同的计算能力。那种老式计算机内有许许多多的真空电子管和乱麻似的导线，又大又笨，形似怪物。集成电路片是由老式计算机衍化而来的，所不同的是它造价低廉，易于批量生产，计算速度快，功能繁多，使用方便。神奇的集成电路片代表了人类科技的新发展。近几年来，这项技术的发展势头之迅猛和意义之深远足可与人类历史上生产工具的出现和蒸汽机的发明相提并论。正如工业革命替人类承担了大量繁重的体力劳动，并极大地发展了生产力一样，微型计算机正迅速地替人类承担起大量繁重的脑力劳动，并以人们现在才开始掌握的各种方式扩大了人脑的功能。有了集成电路片，计算机存储信息和执行指令的惊人本领就在以汽车发动机到大学和医院，从农场到银行和公司办公室，从外层空间到托儿所等各个领域发挥作用。日常生活：按钮的神通早晨七点半钟，闹钟铃声——响，卧室的窗帘轻轻地自动往两边分开，百叶遮阳帘啪地一声向上卷起，恒温器将室温上调到令人惬意的华氏七十度。厨房里的咖啡壶开始咕咕作响；后门自动打开放狗子出去。电视机荧光屏闪亮，开始播放当天的第一套新闻节目，这是(头天晚上预设好的)选择性新闻提要，内容包括世界上最近发生的一切对经济有影响的，涉及立法、政治以及金融方面的重大事件。新闻播完后，屏幕上便接着显示出早晨收到的信函，来函者都是通过将信息输入计算机网络而将信函传递过来的。此时仍舒舒服服躺在床上的那位现代阿拉丁紧接着便按下床头柜上的一个按钮，发出一连串公私事务上的备忘录信息，这些信息立刻便出现在那魔幻似的屏幕上。浴室里淋浴器准时地自动打开，水温也调控得恰到好处。阿先生洗完淋浴后，即得到一阵蜂鸣器的响声和荧光屏上一道蓝光的提示。他的上司——公司总经理已经