必修③ UNIT 6 课下主题训练 自然灾害与防范安全常识与自我保护

PAGE第5页共6页必修③UNIT6课下主题训练自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·珠海高三检测)ThestartoftheUSAtlantichurricaneseasonisjustovertwoweeksawayandforecastersareexpectingparticularlyhighactivitythisyear.WithwarmerthanusualconditionsexpectedintheNorthAtlanticthissummer,meteorologistshavepredictedthattheseasoncouldproduceeightormoreWhileforecasterscannotpredicthowmanyhurricanes—ifany—willmakelandfall,thepotentialfordangerousstormstostrikethesouthernandeasterncoastsbringsanadditionalproblemforauthoritiesalreadystrugglingwiththeCOVID­19.ExpertssaythattheCOVID­19isaffectingthecapabilitiesoftheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)andotherorganizationsinvolvedinrespondingtonaturaldisasters.RetiredUSArmyLieutenantGeneralJeffreyTalley,whonowleadsglobaleffortsondisastermanagementatIBM'sCenterfortheBusinessofGovernment,saidthatwithFEMAandotherauthoritiesengagedwithrespondingtotheCOVID­19,resourceswillbelimitedifahurricanestrikes.“Whenwelookatadisaster...Ithinkofitintermsofhowwepreparefor,respondtoandrecoverfromthosetypesofevents，”Talleysaid.“Rightnowwe'reinthemiddleoftheresponseofCOVID­19.Noneofusarereallysurehowlongit'sgoingtolastandhowtheresponsetodisastersisgoingtobedifferent,say,twomonthsfromnow,sixmonthsfromnow,soonandsoforth，”hesaid.AccordingtoTalley,theCOVID­19couldcomplicatetheresponsetoahurricanebyinterruptingtheflowofemergencysuppliestoareaswheretheyareurgentlyneededatcrucialmoments.Socialdistancingandstay­at­homeorderswillalsoforceauthoritiesalongthesouthandeastcoasttorethinkhowtheymanagepeoplewhomustleavetheirhomesintheeventofadisaster.Whilemanystatesarealreadyliftingsomelockdownrestrictions,socialdistancingwillstillbeimportantformanymonthstocome.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国飓风活动特别频繁，而COVID­19使应对飓风的工作复杂化。1．WhenwillthefirsthurricanepossiblyarriveinUSthissummer?A．Inabouteightdays. B．Inaboutsixmonths.C．Inabouttwomonths. D．Inmorethantwoweeks.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，今年夏天第一场飓风将在未来两个多星期到达美国。故选D。2．AccordingtoTalley,howcouldCOVID­19influencetheresponsetoahurricane?A．Morepeoplewillleavehometofightagainstahurricane.B．Rescuematerialsmightnotreachdisasterareassometimes.C．Lockdowncangreatlyreducedamageandinjury.D．Thepandemicmakesithardertopredicthurricanes.解析：选B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，COVID­19会导致救援物资有时可能无法到达灾区，从而影响对飓风的响应。故选B。3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Peoplethroughoutthecountrynolongerneedtostayathome.B．Thestategovernmentsareconfidentabouttacklinghurricanes.C．Authoritiesalongthecoastswillsticktotheformerorders.D．Itisnecessarytokeepsocialdistanceinthecomingmonths.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，在接下来的几个月里保持社交距离是必要的。故选D。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MoreDestructiveHurricanestoBeExpected.B．MoreDifficulttoForecastHurricanesComing.C．COVID­19toWorsenHurricaneResponse.D．SocialDistancingNeededinComingMonths.解析：选C标题归纳题。根据第三段可知，专家表示，COVID­19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力。结合文章主要说明了COVID­19可能会中断向在关键时刻急需物资的地区运送紧急物资，从而使应对飓风的工作复杂化。由此可知，C选项“COVID­19将恶化对飓风的应对措施”最符合文章标题。故选C。B(2021·潍坊模拟)“Likeamonster,itdestroyseverything.”That'showoneschoolgirldescribedatsunami.OnDec.26,2004,amagnitude­9.1earthquakeinIndonesiasetoffamassivetsunami.Itkilledmorethan230,000peopleacrossfourcountriesandcostanestimatedD|S10billionindamage.Nov.5isWorldTsunamiAwarenessDayandattheUnitedNationsWednesday,disasterriskreductionwashighontheagenda.“WhatIcantellyouisthatthetsunamiwavecannotbestopped，”saidBulgariansU．N.AmbassadorGeorgiVelikovPanayotov.HewasonvacationinThailandin2004andsurvivedthetsunami.“Whatwecandoistobuildearlywarningsystemsand,ofcourse,educatethepopulationaboutthedamagingpowerofthetsunamiwave，”hesaid.OnMarch11,2011,amagnitude­9earthquakerockednortheasternJapantriggeringafiercetsunamithatalsodamagedtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearplant,southofSendai.“WhenthebigearthquakehitJapanin2011,peoplethoughtthatwewerepreparedforit，”saidJapan'sU．N.AmbassadorKoroBessho.“Itcausedseveredamage.Wehaddams;wehaddrills.However,wehadbeencountingonsomethingthathitsevery100yearsandtheearthquakewasofthesizeofpossiblyevery500yearsorthousandyears，”hesaid.Thesetwoeventssentthecountriesoftheregionintooverdrivetoreviewandimprovedisasterpreparedness.In2015theSendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReductionwasborn.Itaimstohelpcreateabetterunderstandingofdisasterriskandimprovepreparednessforaneffectiveresponse.Indonesiaismadeupofthousandsofislandswhicharedisaster­prone(易受灾地区).WillemRampangilei,headoftheDisasterManagementAgencyofIndonesia,saidhisgovernmentnowhasplansforeverydisaster­pronecity.Countriesatriskarealsoexpandingtheireducationprograms.Childrenfromanearlyagearetaughthowtoreactincaseofatsunamiandthengowiththeirclassmatestohighergroundawayfromcoastalareastoavoidthewallsofwaterthetsunamitriggers.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了海啸频发的国家从灾难中吸取教训，改进防灾准备工作，预防未来再次发生海啸。5．WhatdoesGeorgiVelikovPanayotovmainlytalkabout?A．Thegeneralfeaturesofatsunami.B．Waysforhumanstofaceatsunami.C．Hissufferinginthe2004tsunami.D．Thelosscausedbythe2004tsunami.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段可知，他主要在谈论人类面对海啸的方法，故选B项。6．InKoroBessho'sopinion,whydidthe2011earthquakecauseseveredamage?A．Itcausedafiercetsunami.B．Itdestroyedanuclearplant.C．Thesizewasbeyondexpectation.D．Therewasnoeffectivedefensesystem.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第六段可知，KoroBessho认为地震的规模超过了他们的预期，导致他们准备不足从而遭受了严重的损失。故选C项。7．Whatcommonbeliefpusheddifferentcountriestotakeactiontofaceacomingtsunami?A．Childrenshouldbeprotectedbyallmeans.B．Theimprovementofpreparednesscanreducedamage.C．Properresponseincaseofatsunamicansaveone'slife.D．Strongermeasuresshouldbetakenindisaster­proneareas.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第七段及第八段中的“saidhisgovernmentnowhasplansforeverydisaster­pronecity.”可知，印度和日本都吸取教训加强了防灾准备工作来应对海啸，由此判断这些国家都认为改进准备工作可以减少损失。故选B项。8．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．WorldTsunamiAwarenessDayB．NationsAttackedbyMassiveTsunamiC．TheUnpredictableandDestructiveDisasterD．LearnfromDisasterstoPreventFutureOnes解析：选D标题归纳题。文章首先用印度的一场海啸并引用保加利亚和日本国家大使在联合国会议的发言来表明海啸的危害以及人们从中吸取的教训。接着作者以日本仙台和印度为例说明海啸频发地区各国从灾难中学习，加紧审查和改进防灾准备工作，并提到面临海啸风险的国家也在扩大其教育项目。D项(人们从灾难中学习来预防未来的灾难)最能概括本文。故选D项。Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·济南高三一模)ThewildfiresinAustraliabecameconsiderablyworseinJanuary,2020.Thedisasterfacedby__1__countryisfarfromover.Manyofthefires__2__(send)smokehighintotheatmosphereandsomesmoketurnedintopyrocumulonimbusclouds.Thecloudscanhelpafiredrawinmoreairandshiftsurfacewinds,__3__(result)infiretornadoes(龙卷风).Fireshavedestroyedhabitatsforanimalsthat__4__(find)onlyinAustralia,includingkoalasandrarebirds.Itwilltaketimetofullyknowhowmuchharmthefireshavedone__5__wildlife.Thewildfiresareexpected__6__(continue)burningformonthsasAustraliaentereditsdryseason.Thispastyear,2019,isthehottestanddriestyearonrecord.Fireshappen__7__(regular)duringtheAustraliandryseason.However,climateandnaturalchangesaremakingthesituation__8__(bad).Atleast12millionacreshavebeenburnedsofarinVictoriaandNewSouthWalesalone.Smokefromthefireshasmade__9__toSouthAmerica.Thereissomuchsmokethatitmaystayintheairformonths,__10__couldhaveasmalleffecton语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的森林大火在2020年1月变得更加严重，同时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火灾龙卷风。文章说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。1．the考查冠词。country为可数名词，此处特指上文提到的Australia，应用定冠词。故填the。2．sent考查动词的时态。根据后文“andsomesmoketurnedintopyrocumulonimbusclouds”可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成主动关系。故填sent。3．resulting考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，result在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语clouds构成主谓关系，故应用现在分词。故填resulting。4．arefound考查动词的时态和语态。在定语从句中主语animals与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数。故填arefound。5．to考查介词。句意：要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害还需要时间。设空处表示“对于”应用介词to。故填to。6．tocontinue考查非谓语动词。beexpectedtodosth.表示“被期望做某事”，后跟不定式。故填tocontinue。7．regularly考查副词。修饰动词happen，应用副词regularly，表示“频繁地”。故填regularly。8．worse考查比较级。句意：然而，气候和自然变化使情况变得更糟。设空处表示“更遭”应用比较级形式。故填worse。9．it考查代词。m