初中英语时态专题讲解-课件

初中语法专题（一）时态1PPT课件一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时将来时2过P去PT课件一般现在时PPT课件3一、一般现在时：PPT课件4概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always,

usually,

often,

sometimes,

everyweek

(day,

year,

month…),

once

a

week,on

Sundays,

etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动

词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。什么情况下用？PPT课件5①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。②表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。③表示客观的事实或真理。④表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。PPT课件6（只限于是go,

come,

leave,arrive,

begin,

start,

takeoff,

stop, be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）⑤在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。（主将从现）当主语是第三人称

时，谓语动词要用

第三人称单数形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用动词原形。PPT课件7动词第三人称单数形式变化规则PPT课件8PPT课件9He

(be,

am,

is,

are)

a

teacher

atNo.

2

Middle

School.He

(have,

has)

classes

in

theafternoon.He

(get,

gets)

up

at

half

past

sixevery

morning.He

always

(come,

comes

)

to

schoolon

time.He

(study,

studies)

very

hard

athis

lesson.One

and

two

(be,

is,

are)

three.Blue

and

yellow

(make,

makes)green.The

earth

(move,

moves)

round

thesun.I

will

go

there

if

I

(

be,

will

be,am,

is,

are)

free

tomorrow.PPT课件1010.

I

will

go

there

when

Iave,will

have,

has)

time

(htomorrow.He

won’t

come

to

the

partyunless

he

(be,

will

be,

am,

is,are)

invited.I’ll

wait

here

until

my

motheromes

(come,

c

,

will

come)

back.h,finisPlease

return

the

book

to

thelibrary

as

soon

as

you

(finishes,

will

finish)

reading

it.Once

you

(see,

sees,

willneve11see)

him,

you willPPT课件

r

forget

him.一般过去时PPT课件12概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago,

yesterday,

the

daybefore

yesterday,

last

week(year,night,

month…),

in

1989,

just

now,

atthe

age

of

5,

one

day,

long

long

ago,once

upon

a

time,

etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。PPT课件13谓语动词使用过去式形式，加ed，分为规则和不规则变化。表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used

to

do”和“would+动词原形”。PPT课件14PPT课件15were,

been)

here1.

He

(be,

was,a

moment

ago.They

(be,

was,

were,

been)here

just

now.The

scientists

(leave,leaves,

leaved,

left)

for

Americayesterday.Last

week

we

(visit,

visited)

the

Science

Museum.When

I

was

a

child,

I

often

(play,

played)

football.The

students

ran

out

of

theclassroom

as

soon

as

the

bell16PPT课件(ring,

rang,

rung).现在进行时PPT课件17作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：Now,

at

this

time,days,

look. listen等时间状语做标志。基本结构：主语+be

+doing +其他否定形式：主语+be

+not +doing+其他一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。PPT课件186.

用法：现在进行时表示PPT课件191)、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g.

He

is

reading

.They

are

talking

now.2)、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g.

They

are

working

these

days.3)、 某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g

I

am

coming.现在分词的变法有PPT课件20、一般在动词词尾加上-ing

,E.g.jump、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing.

E.g

have

write3)、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.

E.g.

sit

put其句式变换都在be上做文章。I

(write,

am

writing,

iswriting,

are

writing)

a

letter

now.Look,

it

(begin,

is

beginning,am

beginning,

are

beginning)

to

rain.They

(study,

is

studying,

amstudying,

are

studying)

medicine

atthe

Medical

Institute

of

Chengdethese

days.He

(teach,

am

teaching,

isteaching,

are

teaching)

an

Englishlesson

at

this

time.PPT课件21过去进行时PPT课件22概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at

this

timeyesterday,

at

that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构 主语+was/were

+doing

+其他4.否定形式：主语+was/were

+

not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。PPT课件23过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如

last

night,at

that

time,

at

noonyesterday,

last

Sunday 等。也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。PPT课件24I

(cook,

cooked,

was

cooking,

werecooking)

breakfast

when

you

arrived.What

you

(

do,

did,was...doing,

were…doing)

at

this

timeyesterday

evening?We

(have,

are

having,

had,

werehaving)

dinner

when

the

doorbell

rang.While/

When/

As

we

(

have,

had,

arehaving,

were

having)

dinner,

the

doorbellrang.PPT课件25一般将来时PPT课件26构成:①will,shall+动词原形，其中shall只用于第一人称。②be

going

to +动词原形，表示主观打算，按计划，安排要发生的事情。

③be

to +动词原形，表示客观安排

④

be

about

to +不定式，意为马上要做某事，正要做某事。⑤某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come,

go,

arrive,leave。⑥在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。⑦一般现在时可表示按时间表发生的将来的动作(限

start,

begin,

arrive,

end,

close,

leave---等表示开始或移动意义的词)PPT课件27时间状语：Tomorrow,

nextday(week,

month,year…),soon,

in

a

fewminutes,

by…,the

dayafter

tomorrow,

etc.PPT课件28否定形式：主语+am/is/are

not

going

todo ；主语+will/shall

not do+其他一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。e.g.

She

will

be

back

in

three

days.She

will

not

be

back

in

three

days.Will

She

be

back

in

three

days?They

are

going

to

clean

theirclassroom.They

are

not

going

to

clean

theirclassroom.Are

they

going

to

clean

theirclassroom?PPT课件291

you

a

doctor

when

you

grow

up?A

Will;

going

to

beC

Are;

/B

Are;

going

to

beD

Will;

be2

I

don’t

know

if

his

uncle

.

I

think

he

if

it

doesn’t

rain.A

will

come;

comesC

comes;

comesB

will

come;

will

come

D

comes;

will

comeHe

will

be

back

a

few

minutes.A

with

B

for

C

on

D

inWhat

time

we

meet

at

the

gate

tomorrow?A

will

B

shall

C

do

D

areHe

will

have

a

holiday

as

soon

as

he

the

worknext

week.A

finishesC

will

finishB

doesn’t

finishD

won’t

finishPPT课件306

There

some

showers

this

afternoon.A

will

beC

is

going

to

beB

will

haveD

are

going

to

have7

It

my

brother’s

birthday

tomorrow.

She

a

party.B

will

be;

is

havingD

will

have;

is

goingA

is

going

to

be;

will

haveC

will

be;

is

going

to

haveto

be8

Li

Ming

is

10

years

old

now,

next

year

he

11.A

is

B

is

going

to

be

C

will

be

D

will

to

bePPT课件31过去将来时PPT课件32构成：（would

+ 动词原形，或将来时的其它过去构成形式was

going

to

do……）表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在宾语从句及间接引语中，时态呼应，经常会用到过去将来时。如I

thought

it

was

goingto

be

fun.时间状语：---soon/the

next day---that-clause(名词性从句或上下文中---)PPT课件33I

told

my

friend

that

I

(should/

would

arrive,

shall/

willarrive)

soon.They

looked

at

those

clouds

overthe

sky.

It

(is

going

to

rain,was

going

to

rain).They

said

that

they

(are

tomeet,

were

to

meet)

at

the

gatethe

next

day.

We

(are

about

to

go,

wereabout

to

go)

out

when

it

startedtorain.PPT课件34现在完成时PPT课件35概念：表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时（间）, for+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。时间状语：yet,

already,

just,never,

ever,

so

far,

by

now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently,

lately,

in

the

pastfew

years,

etc.基本结构：主语+have/has

+p.p（PPT课件36过去分词）+其他4.否定形式：主语+have/has

+

not+p.p（过去分词）+其他5.一般疑问句：have/has+主语

+p.p（过去分词）+其他?37PPT课件非延续性动词和延续性动词非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有come,

go,

arrive,leave,

begin,

start,

buy,join,

die,

buy,

find,

stop,become,

open,

borrow,

lend,appear,

close,

fall,

finish,sell,

lose, kill等，这些动词不

能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。但是，非延续性动词的否定形式可

以表示状态的延续，可与for/since38等时PPT间课件状语连用。有些同学错误地认为这类非延续性动词不能用于完成时态中。其实，错误的本质在于非延续性动词与时间段的错误搭配，与现在完成时态无关。PPT课件39延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用PPT课件40在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：He

has

fallen

asleep

for

an

hour.他睡了一小时了。（×）His

father

has

died

for

three

years.他父亲去世三年了。（×）当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：（1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如：He

has

been

asleep

for

anhour.

（fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。）His

father

has

been

deadfor

three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。）PPT课件41常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：go

there—be

there,

comeback—be

back,

borrow—keep,buy/catch—have,

arrive—be

in,begin—be

on,

die—be

dead,

leave—be

away

from,

fall

asleep—beasleep,

become—be,

join—be

in/amember

of,

come

→

be

in，finish→

be

over，

leaver

→

be

awayPPT课件42have

（has）been 和have（has）

gone

的区别PPT课件43have

been

to

a

place意思是“到过、去过”，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；havegonetoaplace表示“去了”，已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已经到那儿了。You

have

a tall

young

man.A

grown

B

grown

into

C

grown

us

D

grown

upHe

has

the watch

for

a

year.A

buy

B

bought

C

have

D

hadHas

your

brother

the dog?A

kept

in

B

fed

C

fed

on

D

kept

onI

this

book

for

two

weeks,

I

have

to

return

it now.A

borrowed

B

have

borrowed

C

kept

D

have

kept5.

Have

you

ever

to

the

Great

Wall?

It's

verybeautiful.

A

gone

B

been

C

went

D

go6.

Her

brother

the

Party

since

1978.A

joined

B

has

joined

C

has

been

in

D

was

in7.

The

Greens

many

places

of

interest

since

theycame

to

China.A

will

visit

B

visited

C

have

visited

D

visitPPT课件448

I'm

sorry,

I

your name.B

forgotDA

had

forgottenC

have

forgottenforgotten9

The

bookshop

for eight

years.A

has

been

openC

has

openedB

has

been

openedD

has

open10

We

have

all the

paper

so

weneed

to

buy

some.A

used

upC

filled

withB

made

ofD

hunted

for11

The

flower

I

grown

up.A

planted

hasC

has

plantedB

planted

haveD

have

plantedPPT课件45巧解现在完成时态题PPT课件46技巧1:寻找现在完成时中的“段时间”。现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用:for+一段时间;since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时)

。现在完成时态也用在含有during

/

in/

over

the

lastyears或in

recent years等的句子中。PPT课件47趁热打铁PPT课件481.

The

Oriental

Pearl

TV

Tower

tensof

thousands

of

visitors

since

1995.A.

attractedC.

has

attractedB.

attractsD.

will

attract2.

—How

long

you

here?—For

about

two

years

so

far.A.

have,

studiedB.

did,

liveD.

were,C.

do,

stayswimming3.

—How

is

your

father?

I

him

for

a

longtime.A.

don’t

seeC.

didn’t

see—He

is

fine,

but

busy.B.

hadn’t

seenD.

haven’t

seen4.

Meimei

has

received

several

letters

fromher

hometown

since

she

to thecity.A.

camewill

come49B.

comes

C.

has

come

D.PPT课件技巧2:寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet,already,

never,

lately,recently,

ever,

just,

before,(ever) since等。句型:It

has

been

+ 段时间+since

+ 过去时. 也可以表示为:It

is

+ 段时间+since

+ 过去时.50PPT课件趁热打铁1.

—What

are

you

going

to

do

this

weekend?—I

yet.A.

haven’t

decidedC.

have

decidedB.

won’t

decideD.

didn’t

decide2.

My

mother

the windows

already,

so

the

roomlooks

much

brighter.A.

has

cleanedC.

is

cleaningB.

had

cleanedD.

will

clean3.

It

ten years

since

we

last

in Beijing.1.

was,

metC.

was,

meetB.

has

been,

metD.

is,

meetA.

4. —How

long

has

the

weather

been

like

this?—

.Until

last

nightA.

C.

Two

days

agoB.

Ever

since

last

nightD.

Two

days

laterPPT课件51技巧3:把握have

been

to与havegone

to的区别。have

been

to 曾经去过某处(现在已经不在那个地方,强调以前的经历)have

gone to去了某处(强调主语已经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回来)PPT课件52趁热打铁PPT课件531. —Is

that

Jack

speaking?—Sorry,

he

isn’t

in

right

now.

He

the cinema

with

his

aunt.A.

has

been

toC.

have

been

toB.

has

gone

toD.

have

gone

to—Hello,

may

I

speak

to

your

father,please?—Sorry,

my

father

toShanghai.

He

went

there

this

morning.A.

goes

B.

has

gone

C.

hasbeen

D.

go—How

many

times

you

toBeijing

thishave,

beenyear?B.—Three

times.had,

beenC.have,gonePPT课件D.hadgone54技巧4:分清延续性动词和非延续性动词。延续性动词是指那些动作可以持续的动词。如:have,

keep,

study,live, teach等。非延续性动词是指那些动作瞬间完成的动词。如:begin,

buy,

borrow,lend等。做题时,要注意句中是否有段时间,如果有则用延续性动词。PPT课件55趁热打铁PPT课件561. —Oh,

Mrs.

King,

your

dress

looks

nice.

Is

itnew?—No,

I

it since

two

years

ago.A.

hadC.

have

hadB.

boughtD.

have

bought2.

Tom

the CD

player

for

two

weeks.A.

has

lentC.

has

boughtB.

has

borrowedD.

has

had3. —How

long

has

the

foreigner

here?—He

has

here for

several

hours.arrived;

comeA.

C.

stayed;

beenB.

come;

gotD.

left;

been

away4.

The

film

for half

an

hour.has

beg