Aspen Plus石油炼制过程的模拟解析课件

Aspen

Plus高级班2023/10/12石油炼制过程的模拟高级精馏在化工领域的应用2023/10/12RADFRAC单元操作模型的应用、收敛方法和参数的选取；三相蒸馏、萃取蒸馏、共沸蒸馏和反应蒸馏等特殊蒸馏过程的模拟；电解质过程的模拟等。石油炼制过程的模拟方法2023/10/12以一套典型的常减压装置为主线，讲授下列5部分内容：油品馏程分析数据的处理；初馏塔的模拟计算；常压塔的模拟计算；减压塔的模拟计算；计算原油中所含杂质硫在各种产品中的分布。掌握如下新的内容：2023/10/221)石油炼制过程蒸馏单元的模拟步骤；2)流程模拟软件中石油馏份的特殊处理方法；3)

掌握PETROFRAC单元操作模型的使用；4)产品中杂质分布的计算。复习：建立流程模拟模型的基本步骤2023/10/22确定模拟范围，绘制模拟流程图；将已知条件输入相应表格：SETUPCOMPONENTSPROPERTIESSTREAMSBLOKS。运行模拟计算检查结果油品分析和虚拟组分目标:学习输入石油分析数据,创建调和组分(油品混合),以及表征石油馏分Aspen

Plus

参考资料:User

Guide,

Chapter

6,

Specifying

ComponentsUser

Guide,

Chapter

32,

Petroleum

AssaysandPseudocomponents本章概况表征石油流体的挑战油品馏程数据和性质数据的输入蒸馏曲线的转换生成虚拟组分油品调和用户自定义的虚拟组分2023/10/22石油的表征2023/10/22石油是烃类化合物和杂质组成的宽沸程的混合物.石油或石油馏分的性质取决于它们的组成，但是其组成难以定量分析石油用虚拟组分(pseudocomponents)来表征,虚拟组分是蒸馏曲线上较小的片断.每一个虚拟组分的基本性质由下列关联式来计算:分子量(MW)正常沸点(TBP)重度或者Watson

UOP

KAssays

和Blends

组分Assay

Data(TBP,D86)PseudocomponentsAssay-1Assay-2BlendPseudocomponents2023/10/22输入输出输入油品馏程分析数据在Data

Browser下面,选择Components,

然后选Assay-Blend.在Assay-Blend

目标管理器下,创建一个assay

并且提供一个名称(ID).

在BasicData\DistCurve表中，输入蒸馏曲线数据.在BasicData\DistCurve表中，输入油品重度，或者在BasicData\Gravity/UOPK表中，输入重度曲线或UOPK曲线数据.虚拟组分将在模拟计算之初自动生成.2023/10/22ASSAY组分的表征2023/10/22输入蒸馏曲线蒸馏曲线分割为很多个片段(TBP

Cutpoints)每一个片段生成一个虚拟组分每一个虚拟组分的性质以下列参数的平均值为基础进行估算：分子量(MW)正常沸点(NBP)密度或比重(API

or

SG)虚拟组分的流率在流股结果表中报告.Assay组分BasicData\DistCurve

表2023/10/22重度的规定2023/10/22油品整体重度比重API

重度重度曲线比重API

重度API=141.5/SG-131.5Watson

UOPK

曲线

NBP=(UOPK*SG)3Assay组分BasicData\Gravity/UOPK

表2023/10/22蒸馏曲线2023/10/22蒸馏曲线类型:–

ASTM

D86,

D1160,

D2887实沸点蒸馏曲线(TBP)(重量或体积基准)真空蒸馏曲线(重量或体积基准)每一个蒸馏曲线至少需要输入4个点.报告中的蒸馏曲线为:ASTM

D86ASTM

D1160Vacuum

(liquid

volume)油品分析数据计算程序Version

9

或更新的版本Version

8

或更老的版本蒸馏曲线转换方法ASTM

D86

至实沸点(True

boiling

point)EdmisterEdmister-OkamotaPMLD2887

至True

boiling

pointAPI87API94TBPWT2023/10/22蒸馏曲线计算方法曲线处理选项初馏点(Initial

boiling

point)0.5%(缺省)终馏点(Final

boiling

point)99%

(default)外延方法Probability(缺省)Quadratic锯齿段拟合方法Harwell(缺省)Hermite»曲线处理选项在Components\PetroCharacterization\AnalysisOptions\AssayProcedure表上.2023/10/22蒸馏曲线计算方法(续)虚拟组分从油品分析数据生成.

你可以规定切割温度或切割片段(窄馏份)的宽度.Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation\Cuts表上，规定切割温度等.缺省值是40个切割点:2023/10/22TBP

Range(F)No.

of

CutsIncrements(F)100

-

8002825800

-

12008501200

-

16004100切割温度蒸馏曲线的切割2023/10/22虚拟组分性质用Watson/UOP

“K”和API关联式估算：典型地10

<

UOPK

<

13此处

10.0

表示芳烃含量很高13.0

表示烷烃含量很高2023/10/22所生成虚拟组分的命名2023/10/22Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation

规定命名选项自动生成的名称可以是:实际计算出来的NBP(如:PC864F)沸程下限温度(如:PC800F)沸程上限温度(如:PC900F)用户选择的顺序号(如:PC1,PC2…)用户定义的名称附加的ASSAY组分数据2023/10/22可选的性质曲线:轻端组分分析(light-ends

matching)比重或者API重度曲线Watson

UOPK

曲线分子量曲线性质曲线(多于30种性质)绝对&动力粘度曲线如果输入油品整体性质，单独的曲线数值被归一到整体性质.可以应用用户性质曲线Assays组分的用户性质曲线在表格Properties\Advanced\UserProperties

上，建立用户性质曲线.在表格中激活Assay

Curve

properties

选项在表格Component\Assay/Blend\PropertyCurve上，输入用户性质曲线的数据。对于高度非线性调和现象，如马达法辛烷值，建议使用用户调和子程序。2023/10/22性质曲线的流股计算2023/10/22性质曲线被切割为与虚拟组分同样多的片段。为每一个片段计算出平均的性质数值流股的性质数值由虚拟组分以及它们在流股中的浓度做调和计算得出计算虚拟组分混合物的性质，有各种调和计算选项。石油性质的调和2023/10/22石油性质调和方法:标准体积(StdVol)摩尔(Mole)质量(Mass)用户(User)用于性质计算的用户调和子程序：用户子程序名称为BLDPPU.“调和选项”可以规定.性质可以外延与否.在Components\PetroCharacterization\Analysis

Options\BlendOptions\上，调和规则可以修改。Assay(石油)数据库2023/10/22软件内置的Assay

数据库，包含194

种石油的分析数据,其中有:-来自Phillips石油数据库的10

种石油-来自文献的184种石油在ComponentSpecifications\Petroleum表，查找Assay

库文件。和Phillips

Petroleum

石油分析数据库的接口，其中收集了超过250种石油的数据**

需要与Phillips

Petroleum签订License协议。Assay(石油)数据库2023/10/22每一种石油至少提供如下信息:馏程分析重度和/或重度曲线某些石油有附加的性质曲线:苯胺点闪点凝固点硫含量金属含量硫醇研究法/马达法辛烷值烷烃环烷烃芳烃雷诺蒸汽压访问Assay数据库2023/10/22创建Blends组分2023/10/22通过规定blend

中每个assay

的百分数，由assay创建blend.调和可以是Mole,Mass,

或StdVol基准.要创建一个blend，至少规定2个assay组分.一个blend中的assay的数量没有上限.报告中的蒸馏曲线为:ASTM

D86ASTM

D1160Vacuum

(liquid

volume)输入Blend组分在数据浏览器Data

Browser,选择组分Components,

然后选择Assay-Blend.In

the

Assay-Blend

目标管理器,创建一个blend

并且提供名称(ID).在Mixture\Specifications表上，输入各

assay

组分的调和分数.虚拟组分将在模拟计算之初自动生成.2023/10/22Blend组分之Mixture\Specifications表2023/10/22Assay/Blend

结果Assay/blend

的计算结果可以在表格Components\Assay-Blend

Results查看.每一个assay

或blend

组分有自己单独的结果表格(results

form).2023/10/22Generation\Cuts

表格2023/10/22虚拟组分的生成2023/10/22缺省情况,一套完整的虚拟组分由输入的所有assay组分生成.在表格Components\Petro

Characterization\Generation\Specifications上，用户可以规定生成虚拟组分时，包括/不包括特别的assay.只有在表格Generation\Specifications上选出的

assays和blends

，才用于生成虚拟组分。在表格

Generation\Specifications上未选用的Assays

or

blends，将不被使用，

它们的IDs

不在流股输入表格上显示.虚拟组分命名2023/10/22虚拟组分的命名约定计算出的沸点(例如：PC125,PC136,…)规定起始编号切割温度上限(例如：将225-250F

窄馏份命名为PC250)切割温度下限(例如：将225-250F

窄馏份命名为PC225)用户定义的名称列表在表格Components\PetroCharacterization\Generation\Naming

Options上，规定命名约定.如果你要将Aspen

Plus

生成的虚拟组分与反应器或者分离模块关联，应使用用户定义的名称列表。Generation\NamingOptions表格2023/10/221.在表格Components\Specifications\Selection上，2023/10/22输入组分IDs

并且选择Pseudocomponent类型。在表格

Components\Pseudocomponents\Specifications

上,至少提供下列参数中的两个：正常沸点NBP,重度Gravity(Specific

gravity,

API

gravity,

or

Liquiddensity),分子量Molecular

weight»Aspen

Plus可以估算第3性质.可选地,输入与温度相关的性质数据:液相粘度Liquid

viscosity水溶解度Water

solubility饱和蒸汽压Vapor

pressure定义用户虚拟组分虚拟组分规定表格2023/10/22虚拟组分物性方法2023/10/22方法名称描述ASPEN

(default)API-METHCOAL-LIQLKAPI-TWUAPI

procedure

with

Aspen

modificationsAPI

procedureCorrelations

for

coal-liquid

fractionsLee

Kesler

correlationsAPI

procedure

with

Twu

correlationsfor

critical

properties注意:

不要将虚拟组分物性方法与流程模拟物性方法混淆，前者只是用于虚拟组分石油性质参数的计算。虚拟组分计算结果生成的虚拟组分在表格Components\

PetroCharacterization\Results上浏览检查。2023/10/22表格Analysis

Options\Assay

Procedure2023/10/22石油性质模型2023/10/22基本的虚拟组分性质模型分子量Molecular

Weight临界温度Critical

Temperature临界压力Critical

Pressure临界体积Critical

Volume偏心因子Accentric

Factor饱和蒸汽压Vapor

Pressure液相摩尔体积Liquid

Molar

Volume水溶解度Water

Solubility粘度Viscosity基本的虚拟组分性质模型可以在表格

Components\Petro

Characterization\PropertiesMethods\Basic

上修改。石油性质模型(续)2023/10/22虚拟组分热力学性质模型理想气体热容Ideal

Gas

Heat

Capacity汽化焓Enthalpy

of

Vaporization标准生成焓Standard

Enthalpy

of

Formation标准生成自由能Standard

Free

Energy

of

Formation»基本的虚拟组分性质模型可以在表格Components\Petro

Characterization\PropertiesMethods\Thermodynamic上修改.石油性质模型(续)2023/10/22虚拟组分状态方程(EOS)性质模型RKS

Interaction

ParametersBWR

Orientation

ParameterBWR

Critical

TemperatureBWR

Critical

Volume基本的虚拟组分性质模型可以在表格

Components\Petro

Characterization\Properties

Methods\EOS上修改.石油交互作用参数2023/10/22虚拟组分与下列常规组分的交互作用参数Kijs:H2SN2CO2COH2CH4物性方法的修改用户可以建立自己的虚拟组分石油性质方法.各种性质的计算模型可以改变.大多数虚拟组分性质可以应用子程序.在线帮助中有每一种性质方法的简要说明2023/10/22流程模拟计算2023/10/22在流程模拟计算期间,不区分虚拟组分和真实组分.产品流股中的虚拟组分调和在一起，并且生成蒸馏曲线产品终馏点(即D86

95%point)

或者初馏点

(D86

5%point)

可以规定为单元操作的性能指标：塔内部的设计规定用于其它单元操作的外部设计规定检查蒸馏塔各产品之间的分离效果(重叠度)2023/10/22Petroleum

Properties

and

Property

SetsObjective:Become

familiar

with

petroleum

properties

andlearn

the

use

of

stream

analysisAspen

Plus

References:User

Guide,

Chapter

32,

Petroleum

AssaysandPseudocomponentsPetroleum

Properties2023/10/22Reid

vapor

pressureAPI

and

specific

gravityWatson

UOP

K

factorAniline

pointPour

pointFlash

pointCetane

numberCarbon

to

hydrogen

ratioGross

heating

valuePetroleum

Properties

(Continued)2023/10/22Mean

and

volume

average

boiling

pointHydrate

formation

pressure

and

temperatureRefractive

indexLiquid

viscosity

indexD86

temperatures

at

(0,

5,

10,

…95%)D1160

temperatures

at

(0,

5,

10,

…95%)D2887

temperatures

at

(0,

5,

10,

…95%)TBP

temperaturesVacuum

temperaturesPetroleum

Properties

(Continued)Properties

(curves)

from

Assay

AnalysisPointsAniline,

cloud,

flash,

freeze,

smokeContentsAromatic,

olefin,

paraffin,

naphthalene,

mercaptanC,

H,

O,

NImpurities: S,

V,

Fe,

NiIndices:Antiknock,

vapor

knock,

refractive,

warm-upNumbers:Motor

and

research

octaneLuminometerViscosity»

Generally

input

curves

for

assays

to

generatethese

curves

for

p2r02o3/d10u/22ct

streams

is

needed.Distillation

Curves2023/10/22Volume

and

weight

basisASTM

D86ASTM

D1160ASTM

D2887

(weight

percent

only)VacuumTBPAPI

GravityGravityMWProperty

Sets2023/10/22A

property

set

(Prop-Set)

is

a

way

of

accessing

acollection,

or

set,

of

properties

as

an

object

with

auser-givenname. Only

the

name

of

the

property

setis

referenced

when

using

the

properties

inanapplication.Use

property

sets

to

report

thermodynamic,

transport,and

other

property

values.Current

property

set

applications

include:Design

specifications,

Fortran

blocks,

sensitivityStreamreportsPhysical

property

tables

(Property

Analysis)Tray

properties

(RadFrac,

PetroFrac,

etc.)Heating/cooling

curves

(Flash2,

MHeatX,

etc.)Properties

included

inProp-Sets2023/10/22Properties

commonly

included

in

property

sets

include:API -

APIgravitySGSTD -

Standard

specific

gravity

(60

F,

1

atm)REIDVP

-

Reid

vapor

pressureD86TMUMXD86

temperatureViscosityAvailable

properties

include:Thermodynamic

properties

of

components

in

a

mixturePure

component

thermodynamic

propertiesTransport

propertiesElectrolyte

propertiesPetroleum-related

propertiesReference:

Aspen

Plus

Physical

Property

Data

Reference

Manual,

Chapter4,Property

Sets

has

a

complete

list

of

properties

that

can

be

included

in

aproperty

set.Defining

Property

Sets2023/10/22Specifications

for a

property

set

include:Property

name

and

unitsTemperature

and

pressure

at

whichtocalculateInclude

or

exclude

waterphase

qualifier

(V,

L,

L1,

L2,

T,

S)Specifying

Property

SetsUse

the

Properties

Prop-Sets

form

tospecifyproperties

in

a

property

set.used

to

search

for

a•

The

Search

button

canproperty.beAll

specified

qualifiers

apply

to

each

propertyspecified,

where

applicable.Users

can

define

new

properties

on

the

PropertiesAdvanced

User-Propertiesform

by

providing

a

Fortransubroutine.2023/10/22Predefined

PropertySetsSome

simulation

Templates

contain

predefinedproperty

sets.The

following

table

lists

predefined

propertysets

and

the

types

of

properties

they

contain

forthe

General

Template:2023/10/22Predefined

PetroleumProp-Sets

(Continued)2023/10/22Predefined

Prop-Sets

with

the

PetroleumApplication

template:PREDEFINEDPROPERTY

SETTYPES

OF

PROPERTIESCUTS

-

EVolumetric

flow

rate

of

petroleum

cuts

at

100F

intervalsD86

-

5ASTM

D86

temperature

at

5%

liquid

volume

distilledD86

-

95ASTM

D86

temperature

at

95%

liquid

volume

distilledGAS

-PROPSCompressibility,

volumetric

flow

rate,

heat

capacity

ratioKINVISCLiquid

kinematic

viscosity

at

100F

and

212FLIGHTPetroleum

characteristics

for

light

distillatesMIDDLEPetroleum

characteristics

for

middle

distillatesPETROVolumetric

flowrate,

gravity,

Watson

K,

distillation

curvesTBP-5True

boiling

point

temp.

at

5%

liquid

volume

distilledTBP-95True

boiling

point

temp.

at

95%

liquid

volume

distilledPetroleum

Prop-SetsMost

petroleum

properties

are

calculatedfrom

input

property

curves.Some

petroleum

properties

are

calculatedfrom

correlations(FLSH-API,

POUR-API)Properties

are

accessed

and

usedinexactly

the

same

way

as

otherprop-setproperties2023/10/22Stream

Results

OptionsOn

the

Setup

Report

Options

Stream

sheet,use:Flow

Basis

and

Fraction

Basis

check-boxes

to

specify

howstream

composition

is

reportedProperty

Sets

button

to

specify

names

of

propertysetscontaining

additional

properties

to

be

reported

for

eachstream2023/10/22Prop-sets

DiscussionGive

two

reasons

that

a

property

set

isneeded.How

do

you

define

a

property

set?A

user

defined

aprop-set

for

viscosityand

then

ran

thesimulation. Afterthesimulation

was

complete,

he

opened

thestream

results. To

his

surprise,

he

did

notsee

viscosity. What

happened?2023/10/22PetroFracObjective:Introduce

the

features

of

the

PetroFracmodel

and

its

use

in

simulating

a

crudetowerAspen

Plus

References:Unit

Operation

Models

Reference

Manual,

ChapterCharacteristics

of

Refining

ProcessWide

boiling

range

fluidsLarge

temperature

gradients

along

columnMost

fluid

compositions

are

unknownbuttheir

distillation

analysis

is

knownThree

phase

with

free

waterSide

strippers

and

pumparoundsPetroleum

specific

physical

propertiesHigh

degree

of

heat

integrationMetal

and

sulfur

contents2023/10/22Petroleum

Refining

Applications2023/10/22PetroFrac

is

a

distillation

model

specificallydesigned

for

petroleum

refining

applications:preflash

towercrude

unitvacuum

unitvacuum

lube

fractionatorFCC

main

fractionatordelayed

coker

main

fractionatorquench

tower/primary

fractionatorPetroFrac

Features2023/10/22Integration

of

furnace,

column,

side

stripper

andpumparoundADA/PCS

for

assay

input,

crude

blend

andbreakdownConversion

between

different

ASTM

curvesUser

specification

of

cutsPetroleum

oriented

specificationsTray

and

packing

sizing

and

ratingOther

featuresInitialization

and

convergenceExample

Crude

TowerGASDECANTWATERNAPHTHAJET

FUELKEROSENEDIESELGASOILRESID

CRUDE

FEEDSTEAM2023/10/22PetroFrac

-

ConnectivityVapor

DistillateBottomsFeedsFeeds

OverflashPumparoundPumparoundLiq

ReturnStripper

BottomsSide

ProductsLiquid

DistillateWater

Distillate2023/10/22

Overhead

FeedHeatBottom

StageorReboiler

Heat

DutyTop

Stage

orCond.

HeatDutyHeat

orReboilerHeatDutySteam

FeedPetroFrac

-

Flowsheet

ConnectivityAny

number

of

pumparounds

and

sidestrippersSteam

or

reboiler

strippersStripper

hot

liquid

returnMultiple

feeds

to

strippersTotal

pumparound

and

product

drawoffsInterstage

water

decantersHeat

streams

for

pumparound

coolersPseudostreams2023/10/22PetroFrac

-

ModelSpecifications2023/10/22Setup

form

(required) Number

of

stages Condenser

and

ReboilerDistillate

rate,

Bottoms

rate,

Condenser

duty,Reboiler

duty,

or

Reflux

RatioFeed/Product

(required)Feed

convention:

furnace,

on-stage,

above-stagePres-Profile

(required)PumparoundsStrippersPetroFrac

-

Pumparound

Specifications2023/10/22Draw

and

return

stage

locations

(required)For

total

drawoffs,

specify

one

of

thefollowing:return

temperaturetemperature

change

(negative

if

cooled)duty

(negative

if

cooled)For

partial

drawoffs,

specify

liquid

flowrateand

one

of

theabove.PetroFrac

-

Side

Stripper

Specifications2023/10/22Stage

NumberFor

each

stripper,

the

trays

are

numberedfromtop

to

bottom

starting

with

stage

1.SteamStripperSpecifying

a

steam-to-product

ratio

willoverride

the

steam

flow

rate.Reboiler

StripperSpecify

a

reboiler

duty.PetroFrac

-

Side

Stripper2023/10/22ConventionsLiquid

draw

always

goes

to

the

stripper

topstage.Vapor

always

returns

to

the

main

columnOther

SpecificationsA

fraction

of

the

stripper

bottoms

can

bereturned

to

the

main

columnMultiple

drawoffs

from

different

stages

as

feedsto

the

same

stripper

are

allowedPetroFrac

-

Other

Specifications2023/10/22Steam

to

product

flow

ratio

(mass)Feed

overflashFurnace

outlet

temperatureLiquid

runback

from

a

stageASTM

temps

and

gapsPetroleum

properties

(RVP,

flash

point,

pour

point,etc…)Murphree

efficiencyMultiple

property

option

specificationsFree

water

calcs

in

the

condenser

or

on

all

trays–

Blocks

PetroFrac

Properties

form

to

specify

internal

stageschecked

for

free

water

-

condenser

is

checked

automaticallyTray/packingPetroFrac

-

Design

Specifications2023/10/22Meet

product

property

by

varying:stripping

steam

flow

rate/reboiler

dutyproduct

flow

ratepumparound

flow

rate

or

return

temperaturefurnace

temperatureMeet

a

particular

stage

temperaturebyvarying:furnace

outlet

temperaturepumparound

flow

rate

or

return

temperatureMeet

product

flow

rate

by

varying:furnace

outlet

temperaturePetroFrac

-

Definitions2023/10/22RunbackLiquid

flow

rate

from

a

stage

to

a

lower

stage,equivalent

to

stage

liquid

flow

rate

lesssidedrawsThe

Runback

form

is

used

to

specify

therunback

from

a

stage. The

manipulatedvariable

is

the

pumparound

duty

or

flowrateLiquid

FlowIn

PetroFrac,

stage

liquid

flow

reported

inthetray

profile

is

the

sum

of

runback,

side

draw,and

pumparound.In

RadFrac,

stage

liquid

flow

excludes

any

sideproduct

draw

and

pumparound.Outside

LoopPhysical

Properties

(ai,

KB,

HV,

HL)Inside

Loopcmi

=cmi

outyi

=Ki

xi

xi

=

1.0,

yi

=

1.0

Hi

in

=

Hi

outl,

v,

x,

y,L

=

li,

V

=

viTInside

loop

solved

byNewton

method

withor

withoutlog-leg2023/10/22PetroFrac

-

ConvergenceSum-Rates

variant

of

the

inside-outalgorithmPetroFrac

-

Convergence2023/10/22Algorithm:

sum-rates

variant

of

the

inside-outInitialization:

designed

for

refiningapplicationTo

enhance

convergence:provide

column/stripper

temperature

estimatesvary

convergence

damping

factors

to

enhancestabilitychange

design

specificationsPetroFrac

-

Summary2023/10/22PetroFrac

combines

Furnace,

Column,

Pumparound,

andSidestripper

into

one

model

which

makes

the

simulation

easy

tosetup

and

converge.Feed

characteristics

can

be

user

input

or

from

the

assay

library.Multiple

feeds

can

be

blended

to

create

a

feed

mixture.Additional

properties

of

a

particular

product

can

be

reportedbyadding

property

sets.Runback

from

a

stage

is

the

liquid

flow

rate

leaving

the

stageand

entering

the

stage

below. Runback

and

liquid

flow

can

bedifferent.Most

crude

towers

do

not

have

a

reboiler

at

the

bottom.

Eitherthe

bottom

steam

rate

or

the

furnace

duty

is

varied

to

meet

theenergy

requirement

(energybalance).PetroFrac

-

Discussion2023/10/22RadFrac

and

MultiFrac

can

also

be

used

to

simulate

the

crudetower. Why

choosePetroFrac?

If

you

have

the

characteristics

of

all

the

products,

but

not

thecrude,

how

do

you

ru