Architecture 古希腊古罗马建筑英文版

A

Brief

introduction

of

ancientGreek&RomanAncientGreekArchitecture

(BC800-AD300)Specific

dimensionalcomposition特定的平面构成Most

ofthe

architectures

are

rectangular(onascale

of

1:1.618

or

1:2)in

shape,

essentiallyconsistedof ahall

surrounded

by

columns.（平面构成为1:1.618或1:2的矩形，中央是厅堂，大殿殿，周围是柱子，可统称为环柱式建筑））Threefamouskindsof

columns/orders(柱式）:Decorationofdepiment(山花墙装饰）Corinthian

Column（科林斯式）Ionic

Column（爱奥尼克式）Doric

Column（陶立克）陶立克柱式形态简洁，其柱高是直径的6倍，雄健威武，向征男性美；爱奥尼柱式纤巧修长，柱高是直径的8~9倍，柱头用卷涡装饰，富有曲线美，象征女性美。科林斯柱式形态更复杂、更修长，上部是藤蔓似的卷涡，下面是曼妙的花纹，更具女性美。The

Donic

style

is

simple

and

itreveals

the

males’

strength.LincolnMemorial

is

in

the

formofaGreekDorictemple.林肯纪念堂It

isalways

decoratedwithspiral（螺旋形的）orvolute（涡形的）

ornaments.It’s

slim

andmuch

more

likea

gentleandgraceful

younglady.Templeof

Athena

Nike胜利女神神庙女神廊柱（Erechtheion伊瑞克提翁神神庙）Pediment（山花墙）Greek

temple

with

a

pediment(Sicily)The

pediment（山花墙）

isthetriangularplaceunder

theroofofaGreek

temple.

Eachtemplehas

two,one

on

the

front

and

one

on

theback.Atfirstpediments

wereprobably

plain,butsoon

the

Greeks

beganto

decoratepediments

withstonesculpture.

Oneoftheearliest

pediments,onthetempleofArtemison

theislandofGreek

temple

wiCthorafup,ehdaimsaensct(aSriycMilye)dusaon

it.Later

Greeksculptorsput

whole

scenes

onpediments,

usually

oneexciting

partof

a

well-knownmyth.Templeof

Artemis,

Corfu

(ca.580

BC)Templeof

Aphaea

at

Aegina

(ShowstheTheParthenon（帕特农神庙）has

the

storyofthebirthofAthenaon

oneside,and

thestory

ofAthena

andPoseidonfighting

to

bethe

maingodofAthenson

theother

side.TheParthenon（帕特农神庙）AncientRomanArchitecture(BC300-AD365)AncientRomanarchitectureadoptedcertainaspects

ofAncientGreekarchitecture,but

itdidcreated

lots

ofnewarchitecturalstyles.The

five

mainachievements

of

AncientRoman

architecture1.Ancient

Roman

Aqueducts(渡槽)2.Pantheon

万神庙3.Publicbaths罗马公共浴场4.Colosseum圆形大剧场5.SquareThe

Romans

constructed

aqueducts

tobringa

constant

flow

of

water

fromdistant

sources

into

cities

and

towns,

supplying

public

baths,toilets,fountains

and

private

households.

Wastewaterwas

removed

bythe

sewagesystems

and

released

into

nearby

bodies

of

water,

keepingthe

towns

cleanand

free

from

noxious

waste.

Someaqueducts

also

served

waterfor

mining,processing,

manufacturing,

and

agriculture.2.Pantheon

万神庙Thedome(穹顶)structure

providedus

withlarger

space.The

Romans

basedmuchoftheirarchitectureon

thedome,suchasPantheon,whichis

the

highestrepresentativeof

Rome

architecturaltechnique.Pantheon(万神殿）Dome3.Public

baths

罗马公共浴场They

are

recreational

and

social

centerforRoman

citizens./f/201102/97a578a1-7ac7-4783-94ce-05cfbd0c87fa.shtml4.Colosseum圆形大剧场It

were

usedforgladiatorialcontests,

publicdisplays,

public

meetingsandbullfights,thelast

of

which

survives

in

Spain.Theyareamongthe

most

impressive

remainso