托福分学科词汇汇总

托福词汇汇总分学科词汇word,mp3----part1.天文类1ASTRONOMY天文astronomy天文学astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文台astronomer天文学家astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmosuniverse宇宙cosmology宇宙学infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmicrays宇宙射线celestial天的celestialbodyheavenlybody天体celestialmapskyatlas天体图celestialsphere天球dwarfdwarfstar矮星quasar类星体,类星射电源constellation星座galaxyMilkyWay新河系cluster星团solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoidasteroid小行星revolve旋转,绕转twinkle闪烁nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星spaceouterspace太空,外层空间spacecraftspaceship宇宙飞船spacemanastronaut宇航员,航天员spacesuit宇航服,航天服spaceshuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜astronaut宇航员star恒星stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云spacedebris太空垃圾ammonia氨corona日冕chromosphere色球photosphere色球层convectionzone对流层vacuum真空infraredray红外线chondrite球粒absolutemagnitude绝对量级radiation辐射emission发射,散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪分学科词汇word,mp3----part2.地理类GEOGRAPHY地理

geography地理

geographer地理学家

hemisphere半球

meridian子午线,经线

parallel平行圈,纬线

latitude纬度

longitude经度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极AntarcticAntarctica南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形,地形学plain平原plateauhighland高地lowland低地basin盆地caverncave洞穴terrain地域subterraneanunderground地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channelstrait海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的,陆地的terrestrialheatgeothermal地热terrestrialmagnetismgeomagnetism地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物,沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frostheaving冻胀现象fieldstone卵石学科词汇word,mp3----part3.地质类geology地质学geologist地质学家crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layerstratum,复数strata地层plate板块fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带riftcrack;split断裂disintegrationdecomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩quartz石英limestone石灰岩marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenous岩成的lithosphere岩石圈magma岩浆mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金,铂silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞,水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepochage,period冰川期glacialdrift冰渍iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口lava火山岩浆volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰earthquakequake;tremor;seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicwave地震波cataclysm灾变分学科词汇word,mp3----part4.考古,人类anthropologist人类学家paleoanthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人科homogeneous同一种族种类的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古学家excavation挖掘excavateunearth挖掘ruins遗迹,废墟remains遗迹,遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物,文物antique古物,古董antiquity古代,古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的archaeology考古学anthropology人类学morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的分学科词汇word,mp3----part5.生态类5ECOLOGY生态学ecologist生态学家ecosystem生态系统balanceofnature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayerozonosphere臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气污染waterpollution水污染noisepollution噪音污染soilpollution土壤污染pollution-free无污染pollutant污染物noxioustoxic有毒的fumes有毒废气waste废物solidwaste固体垃圾sewagewastewater污水sewagepurification污水净化sewagedisposal污水处理decibel噪音分贝分学科词汇word,mp3----part6气象类Meteorology气象meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家forecastpredict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层current气流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发dampwet;moist;humid潮湿的humidity湿度moisture潮湿；水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fogmist雾smog烟雾droplet小水珠condense浓缩crystal水晶体downpourtorrentialrain大雨tempeststorm暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzardsnowstorm暴风雪avalanchesnowslide雪崩precipitation雨、露、雪等降水breeze微风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornadotwister,cyclone龙卷风funnel漏斗,漏斗云disastercalamity,catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾分学科词汇word,mp3----part7化学类chemistry化学chemicalproperty化学特性,化学性质chemicalcompositionmakeup化学成分chemicalagent化学试剂chemicalreaction化学反应chemicalchange化学变化chemicalbond化学键chemicalapparatus化学器械substancematter;material物质element元素periodictable周期表hydrogen氢oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氦carbon碳calcium钙silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘compound化合物hydrocarbon碳氢化合物derivative衍生物alchemy炼金术petroleumoil石油petroleumproducts石油产品crudeoil原油refine提炼,精炼gasoline汽油methane甲烷solution溶液dissolve溶解solvent溶剂solubility可溶性cohesive聚合力adhesive粘合力atom原子nucleus原子核electron电子neutron中子proton质子molecule分子particle粒子ion离子particleaccelerator粒子加速器catalysis复数catalyses催化作用catalyst催化剂artificial人造的synthetic合成的syntheticfiber人造纤维polymer聚合物polymerization聚合作用plastic塑料dye染料cosmetics化妆品分学科词汇word,mp3----part8物理类8．PHYSICS物理

physics物理

mechanics力学

thermodynamics热力学

acoustics声学

electromagnetism电磁学

optics光学

dynamics动力学

force力

velocity速度

acceleration加速度

equilibrium平衡

statics静力学

motion运动

inertia惯性

gravitation引力

relativity相对

gravity地心引力

vibration震动

mediummedia媒质

frequency频率

wavelength波长

pitch音高

intensity强度

echo回声

resonance回声,洪亮

sonar声纳

ultrasonics超声学

electricity电

staticelectricity静电

magnetism磁性,磁力

magnet磁体

electromagnet电磁

magneticfield磁场

electriccurrent电流

directcurrentDC直流电

alternatingcurrentAC交流电

electriccircuit电路

electriccharge电荷

electricvoltage电压

electricshock触电

electricappliance电器

conductor导体

insulator绝缘体semiconductor半导体

batterycell电池

drybattery干电池

storagebattery蓄电池

electronics电子学

electronic电子的

electroniccomponentpart电子零件

integratedcircuit集成电路

chip集成电器片,集成块

electrontube电子管

vacuumtube真空管

transistor晶体管

amplification名词放大

amplify动词放大amplifier放大器,扬声器oscillation震荡optical光学的opticalfiber光学纤维lens透镜,镜片convex凸透镜concave凹透镜microscope显微镜telescope望远镜magnifier放大镜spectrum光谱ultraviolet紫外线XraysX射线Gammaraysγ射线infraredrays红外线microwaves微波dispersion色散transparent透明translucent半透明opaque不透明的分学科词汇word,mp3----part9数学类9MATHEMATICSmathematics数学mathematician数学家arithmetic算术calculation计算calculator计算器abacus算盘numeral数字sum和totalsumtotal总和,总数aggregate总计fraction分数,小数decimal十进位,十进小数digit数字,数位percentage百分比addition加法plus加上subtraction减法minus减去multiplication乘法multiplicationtable乘法表multiply乘以times乘以power乘方square平方division除法divide除以algebra代数quantity表示量的数或符号equation方程式,等式formula公式root根geometry几何geometric几何的dimension维parallel

adj.平行的n.平行线quadrilateral四边形square正方形area面积rectangle长方形,矩形polygon多边形cube立方形volume体积sphere球形circle圆形ellipseoval椭圆形cone圆锥形circumference圆周diameter直径radius半径triangle三角形angle

角degree

角度calculus微积分differentialcalculus微分学integralcalculus积分学function函数probability概率statistics统计quantitative量的,数量的qualitative质的,质量的deductioninference推论,演绎induction归纳分学科词汇word,mp3----part10农业类10AGRICULTURE农业agriculturefarming农业agricultural农业的landsoil土壤；土地soilconservation土壤保护soilerosion泥土流失silt粉砂,泥沙clay黏土,湿土clod土块agrarian土地的,农业的pilotexperimental试验性的harrowrake耙,耙土ridge田埂furrow犁沟plotpatch小块地ranch农场,牧场plantation种植园orchard果园nursery苗圃seedbed苗床sickle镰刀spade铲,锹shovel平头铲pick稿tractor拖拉机cultivatetill耕作sowseed播种harvest收割weed除草irrigate灌溉manurefertilizer肥料spray喷洒农药insecticidepesticide杀虫剂pest害虫rust锈病graincereal谷物,谷粒granarygrainstore粮仓mill碾,磨wheat小麦corn玉米rice大米barley大麦sorghum高粱oats燕麦rye黑麦millet粟,小米vegetable蔬菜horticulture园艺学hydroponics水栽法,营养液栽培法greenhouseglasshouse,hotbed温室cabbage洋白菜lettuce生菜mustard芥菜spinach菠菜broccoli花椰菜cucumber黄瓜eggplant茄子pepper辣椒pumpkin南瓜tomato西红柿beet甜菜carrot胡萝卜radish小红萝卜pea豌豆soybean大豆celery芹菜garlic大蒜leek韭菜onion洋葱头potato土豆peanut花生sesame芝麻cotton棉花husbandryanimalhusbandry畜牧业pasture牧场livestock家畜fowlpoultry家禽cattle牛,家畜buffalo野牛dairydairycattle奶牛dairyfarm乳牛场hay作饲料用干草haystack干草堆fodderfeed饲料trough饲料槽barnshed牲口槽stable厩,马厩cowshed牛棚pigpenhogpen,pigsty猪圈sheepfoldsheeppen羊栏roosthenhouse鸡舍fishfarm养鱼场aquaculture水产养殖分学科词汇word,mp3----part11动物类11ANIMAL动物Darvinism达尔文学说naturalselection自然选择class纲order目family科genus属suborder亚目species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquaticlife水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibianamphibiousanimal两栖动物dinosaur恐龙bird鸟类extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物primates灵长目动物insect昆虫antenna复数antennae触须larva幼虫,幼体camouflage伪装pest害虫worm虫,蠕虫hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龟beast野兽domesticate驯养predatorycarnivorous食肉的predator捕食者prey动词捕食名词被捕食的动物scavenger食腐动物migrate迁移wing翅膀,翼bill鸟嘴beak鹰等的嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat栖息地rodent啮齿动物如松鼠primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物如珊瑚shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster对虾crab螃蟹clam蛤蜊sponge海绵coral珊瑚starfish海星canary金丝雀chirp鸟,虫的叫声唧唧squeak老鼠等吱吱porpoise海豚sloth树懒slothful懒惰的hygiene卫生sanitation卫生parasite寄生虫moth蛾caterpillar毛虫hordes昆虫等群swarms昆虫等群flock鸟,羊等群community动物的群落或人的部落herd兽群bunch花等束,捧beaver海狸monogamous一夫一妻的,一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的,一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的,一雌多雄的trapper诱捕动物者rhinoceros犀牛niche小生态环境vestige退化器官,遗迹oyster牡蛎fertilizer使…受精larvae幼虫tentacle触角homotherm恒温动物poikilotherm变温动物metabolism新陈代谢baboon狒狒breed名词品种,动词繁殖multiplyreproduce繁殖hatch孵spawn鱼、虾、蛙等孵offspringyoung解剖学anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物microbe微生物herbivorous食草的carnivorous食肉的omnivorous杂事的分学科词汇word,mp3----part12植物类12PLANT植物botany植物学botanist植物学家botanicalbotanic植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层,顶棚foliageleaf叶leaflet小叶rosette叶的丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shootsprout嫩芽,抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peelskin果皮shell硬果壳husk干果壳；玉米苞叶trunk树干branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝bark树皮jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地,牧场prairie大草原shrubbush灌木cluster一簇灌木fern蕨类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用symbiosis共生withershrivel,fade凋谢pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉pollination授粉cell细胞tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds种子everlasting永久的orchid兰花pollinate授粉crossbreed杂交shrub灌木sequoia红杉rootpressure根压cohesion-tension凝聚压力bore腔,肠column花柱symbiotic共生的immunity免疫organism生物,有机物necrosis坏死barren贫瘠futile无用的carbohydratestarch碳水化合物淀粉,糖类glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命calorie卡路里热量单位malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养分学科词汇word,mp3----part13政治类13POLITICS政治constitution宪法legislation立法Democrats民主党Republicans共和党Amendment修正案Congress美国国会Senate参议院HouseofRepresentatives众议院monarchy君主制anarchism无政府主义federalsystem联邦制presidentialsystem总统制municipal市的,市政的metropolitan大都市的centralized中央集权的ideology意识形态maneuver擦略tariff关税immigrant移民institutionalize机构化election选举vote投票officeholding任职veto否决AmericanRevolution美国革命/独立战争IndependenceWar美国独立战争AmericanCivilWar美国内战radical激进的,根本的overturning颠覆性的independent独立的breathtaking激动人心的military军事的colonize拓殖,殖民percapita人均treason叛国conspiracy阴谋imprisonment监禁release释放pardon特赦accusation谴责,指控welfare福利patronage资助,赞助unionization联合,结合分学科词汇word,mp3----part14教育类14EDUCATION教育educator教育家highereducation高等教育moralcharacter道德品质domain领域faculty全体教员alumni校友treasurer生活委员,财务大臣electivesystem选课制度curriculum课程总称discipline学科,管理learnbyrote死记硬背分学科词汇word,mp3----part15音乐类15MUSIC音乐musicalinstrument乐器orchestra乐队string弦乐wind管乐shookrattle摇拨浪鼓pounddrum击鼓footbeat点脚,跺脚percussion震荡,打击乐器note音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbillymusic乡村音乐folkmusic民间音乐popmusic流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐分学科词汇word,mp3----part16心理类PSYCHOLOGY心理mental心理的physical身体的,物质的,物理的spiritual心灵的conformity从众majority多数人minority少数人thresholdjudgment心理学初始性判断subject受实验对象托福阅读历年真题文章题材:生物类一生物类：

chlorophyll叶绿素

aminoacids氨基酸

protein蛋白质

nitrogen氮

photosyntheticadj.photosynthesisn.光合作用

botany植物学

botanist植物学家

lichen地衣,苔藓

funguspl.fungi菌类

algaepl.alga海藻

bacterium细菌organism有机物rodent啮齿类动物primate灵长类动物mammal哺乳类动物reptile爬行类动物predator捕食者prey被捕食者aquatic水生的artery动脉vein静脉fingernail指甲scale鳞片claw爪子horn角

nourish滋养,供给....营养

clam蚌

crab虾

beaver狸

pond池塘

puddle水坑

snail蜗牛

shrimp虾

hormone荷尔蒙

intestine肠

corn谷物

squash南瓜

bean豆类植物

nectar花蜜

pollen花粉

hive蜂巢

moss苔藓

hibernate冬眠

penguin企鹅

reef礁

coral珊瑚

beak鸟嘴

enzymes酵母

larvae幼虫

tadpole蝌蚪

caterpillar毛虫

grasshopper蚱蜢

toad蟾蜍

herbicide除草剂

secretionn.secretev.分泌

pancreas胰腺

odor气味

roe鱼卵

caviar鱼子酱

raccoon浣熊

gland腺体

cricket蟋蟀

托福听力重要背景词汇集合一、租房RENTINGAHOUSEland/lord,land/ladytypesdormitoryhostelhotelflat,bedsitterssurroundingsruralareas,suburb,downtownroomssingleroom,doublebedroom,bathroom,kitchen,balconyfacilitiesshower,centralheatering,radiators,refrigeratorbedcentralair-conditioning中央空调;electricstores电炉,radiators暖气ectricity,utensil器具、用具、家庭用具facilitiesinbedbedlinen,spread床罩,pillow,mattress,sheet,blanket,cushionpartsentrancehalllobby,porchpersonalinformationofboarders:payweekly/monthlylease,utilities,unfurnished/furnished,blackout停电guestsandhours二、学校生活

1学习篇enrolment注册selective/elective/option选修课requiredcourse/compulsorycourse必修课coursearrangement课程安排applicationform申请表letterofrecommendation推荐信programme/program某一专业的课程总称school学院graduateschool研究生院undergraduate本科postgraduate研究生schoolofArtsandSciences文理学院score成绩credit学分deGREes学位assessment对学生的学习情况进行评估handout上课老师发的印刷品assignment作业presentation针对某一专题进行的发言project需要学生进行独立钻研的课外课题paper/thesis/dissertation论文/硕士论文/博士论文essay短论文journal周记/每周要做的作业participation出勤lecture老师的讲课tutorial助教的辅导TATeachingAssistant助教officehour教授与学生面谈的时间coordinator课程协调人/班主任

2生活篇campus校园commonroom英师生公用的休息室canteen餐厅dininghall食堂cafeteria自助小餐厅accommodation住宿dorm/dormitory宿舍dormmate/roommate/flatmate/housemate合租一间宿舍/公寓/房屋的人parkinglot停车场parkingregulations停车规定shoppingmall购物中心teachingbuilding教学楼/教室楼lecturetheatre大教室/阶梯教室administratingoffice/adminoffice行政办公室laboratory/lab实验室studentunion学生会society学生社团club学生俱乐部studentaccount银行中的学生帐户currentaccount现金帐户chequebook/checkbook支票本withdrawcash取钱depositmoneyinabank存钱

3课题研究篇research研究deadline最后期限poll民意调查survey调查hypothesis假设statistics统计statisticallyvalid统计学上有效的data/datum数据investigation调查quantitative数量的/定量的significantdifference显着的差异interview访谈respondents/interviewee回答调查问题者/被访谈的人questionnaire调查问卷multiplechoicequestions选择题analyze/analysedata分析数据results结果conclusion结论interpretation解释/阐释opinion观点

4课程篇mathematic,literature,history,psychology,physics,philosophy,anthropologyArtsHumanities/SocialScience/Science

5COMPUTERLAB计算机篇labrulesprintercopierfaxmachinemodermMacintoshnetwork,accesstothenet

6LIBRARY图书馆篇due,overdueandpayafine,renew,informationdeskstacks书库open/closedshelves,librarycardcallslip索书单catalogueundertitles/authors/subjects,periodicalmagazinesandjournals,referencebooks,current/backissues,librarianandreader三、指路、指示方向befarfrom距离某处很远benearby距离某处很近gostraightacross/to/through径直走过/向/过crossover穿过某条街道benextto紧邻turnleft/right左转/右转goup/down向上北/向下南goback/back/backup向回走goeast/west/south/north向东/南/西/北goon/along…tillyoumeet…沿…一直走,直到…be