Unit+8+Literature+Topic+Talk+ Lesson+1课后练习题 高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册

TopicTalk&Lesson1Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Shewassuchabeautifulgirlthatweallstoppedto(凝视)ather.2.Youcantrytocoverupwitha(毯子).3.Alicehadsomeexciting(冒险)inEgyptlastsummer.4.Newdancesthencameoutofbothoperadancesand(民间的)dances.5.Thisisavery(主观的)judgementofherabilities.6.Itmayfeelasifan(未被看见的)handispushingyouforward.7.Writeononesideofthepaperandleavetheotherside(空白的).8.Itwasteninthemorningbutthe(窗帘)werestilldrawn.9.Thewaterisonlyafew(英寸)deep.10.Ihadaskedeveryoneto(提交)questionsinadvanceofthemeeting.11.Eachchildhadto(背诵)apoemtotheclass.Ⅱ.短语填空atthetopof;slipaway;befamousfor;longto;lookout;stareat;gosailing;betiredof1.Don’tpeoplelikethat;youmightupsetthem.2.Theparksofthiscitytheirbeautifulfountains.3.Thechurchwasbuiltahill.4.Sincewelivenearthelake,weoftenwithourfriends.5.Thefactthatpublicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedassoonasthesunshinesprovesthatpeoplebreatheingreen,openspaces.6.ShehearingabouttheirtriptoIndia.7.Iletthedaywithoutdoinganythingatall.8.I’mthewindow,andit’srainingcatsanddogs.Ⅲ.单句写作1.如果你认为你的梦想没有希望实现,那么你根本就不会去尝试。Ifyoubelieveformakingyourdreamscometrue,yousimplywon’ttry.2.我把他叫到一边,告诉他发生的事情。Iandtoldhimwhathadhappened.3.人们正采取这些措施来试图改善该地区的种族关系。Thesemeasuresarebeingtakenimproveracerelationsinthearea.4.我难以置信地望着我的朋友,他讲的就是我们第一天相遇的故事。Ijustlookedatmyfriendashetoldthestoryofthefirstdaywemet.5.这就是发生事故的地点。Thisistheplacetheaccidenthappened.Ⅳ.阅读理解AHighschoolisthetimewhenyoudiscoverwhoyouare.Friendsleaveyouandrelationshipsbreakup.Itisterrible.I’mnotgoingtolie.Mysenioryearwastheworstyearofall.Ilostalotofmy“friends”andstartedtobecomereallyunhappyaboutthelackofsocialinteractions(交往)untilsuddenlyanamazingpersoncameintomylife.Itwasthesecondsemesterofmysenioryear.Tensionwashighformewithapplyingtocollegesandtryingtogetperfectgrades.Ihadlostpeoplewhohadbeenmyfriendsforyears.Oneday,ourschoolpostednamesofstudentswhoweregoingintothemilitary,andIsawagirlnamedDominiqueC.ItwassuperunusualtoseeanotherDominique.IknewIhadtomeether.Oneday,InoticedaguyItalkedtoonadailybasiswastalkingwithher.HesawmeandintroducedmetoDominiqueC.Shewasthecompleteoppositeofme,withshortblackhairandbiggreeneyes.Butsomehow,wejustclickedatonce.Manypeopleneverunderstoodhowwebecamefriends.Webothhadverydifferentsocialcircles,butwewerebasicallythesameperson.Webothlovedliterature.StudyingGreektogether,weunderstoodeachother’sthoughts.Wereactedtoeverythinginthesameway.Weonlykneweachotherforafewmonths,butweactedasifwewerefriendsforyears.Thisyearhasbeenhardonourfriendship.DuetoDominiqueCjoiningthemilitaryandmestudyinginandoutofthestatecollege,DominiqueCandIhavehardlytalked.Togetherwecommunicateasmuchaswecanduringbreaks.Stillourfriendshipisstrong.IamluckytohaveDominiqueCinmylife.Everytimewecriedtogetherandheldhandsdownthehallways,itactuallymademyday.AndfightingforFrenchfriesandhamburgersalwayshadmeintears.IcannotwaittospendthesummerwithDominiqueC.1.Whatdidtheauthortrytodointhesecondsemesterofhersenioryear?A.Gethighscores. B.Dropoutofschool.C.Visitdifferentcolleges. D.Learntobecomepositive.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clicked”inparagraph2mean?A.Learnedalot. B.Becamefriends.C.Completedthetask. D.Joinedthemilitary.3.WhatdidtheauthortellusaboutDominiqueC?A.Shehadadifferentcharacterfromtheauthor.B.Shehadmanycommonfriendswiththeauthor.C.Shelookedcompletelydifferentfromtheauthor.D.ShespenttoomuchtimeinlearningGreek.4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorandDominiqueC?A.Theystudyinthesamecollege.B.Theyhaveastrongrelationship.C.Theyoftenfightoversomebigthings.D.Theyhardlycommunicateduringbreaks.BInhisnewbook,TheAnimalsAmongUs,JohnBradshawdestroysafewmyths(错误认识)aboutthepetsthatincreasinglycrowdourhomes.Someassumptionshequestionsarewhetheranimalscanfeelembarrassmentorguilt,andwhethertheirmindsareabletoplan.Inaninterview,hesaid,“AlexandraHorowitz,theauthorofOurDogs,OurselvesinNewYork,showedthattheguiltylookisactuallyasignofthedog’sgreatabilitytoreadhumanbodylanguage.Dogsputtheguiltylookonalmostbeforetheownerknowsit’stimetogetangryaboutsomethingthedoghasdone.Theyalmostseemtoreactasfastasourmindscan.Assoonasyoulookatthedog,thedogisalreadylookingguilty.“Youmaketheassumptionthatthedogwaslookingguiltybeforeyoulookedatit.Butthescienceshowsthatthedogdoesn’tstartlookingguiltyuntilthemomentitseestheowner’sbodylanguage.“So,whatkindofabilitiesdoyouneedtofeelguilt?Inourhumanterms,guiltisquitecomplex.Youhavetocomparesomethingyoudidinthepastwithsomeinternalnorms(内在的标准),whichyouhavelearnedoverthecourseofalongperiodoftime.There’snoevidencethatthedog’smindcandothat.“Iamnotsayingthatdogsarestupid.Theirmindsareverygoodatdoingwhattheydo.Theycanreactmorequicklytohumanbodylanguagethanhumanscan.Butweassumetheiremotionsarethesameasours,andthat’sthemistake.“Asforplanning,therehasalsobeenalotofresearchbutnotsomuchintodogs.Theproblemismakingcomparisonsbetweenanimals.Althoughhumansanddogssharesomesimilarities,thecerebralcortex(大脑皮层),thebitwedomostofourthinkingwith,isreducedindogs.Theyrelyalotmoreonsmell.Theydohaveanabilitytoplanifthey’vebeenfacedwithaparticularsituationbefore.Buttheycan’timaginethemselvesintoasituationthey’veneverbeenin.”5.OnwhichquestionareAlexandra’sandJohn’sopinionsdivided?A.Whetherdogshaveguiltylooks.B.Whetherdogsusebodylanguage.C.Whetherdogscanfeelguiltylikeman.D.Whetherdogscanfeeltheirowners’anger.6.WhichofthefollowingwouldJohnBradshawagreewith?A.Dogsareascleverasman.B.Dogsareeasytounderstand.C.Dogshavethesameemotionsasman.D.Dogscanreadhumanbodylanguagefast.7.WhatisJohnBradshaw’sopinionaboutdogs’planningability?A.It’slimited.B.It’scommonindogs.C.It’sbeyondourexpectations.D.It’scontrolledbythecerebralcortex.8.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.ToadvertiseJohnBradshaw’sbook.B.Tostresstheroleofbodylanguage.C.Toshowdogs’communicationskills.D.Tocorrectmisunderstandingsaboutdogs.CWhetheritisforaspecialfestival,toexpressthanksortojustletsomeoneknowthatyoucareaboutthem,givinggiftsisacommoncustom.Thepurposeofgivinggiftsmaybesimilar,butthetraditionvariesfromcountrytocountry.Agiftofrespectinoneplacemaybeconsideredrudeinanother.Takealookatthreeuniquegift-givingtraditions.IndiaIfyou’reinvitedtosomeone’shomeinIndia,youshouldbringasmallgift,whetherit’saboxofchocolatesorsomeflowers.Giftsshouldn’tbewrapped(包裹)inblackorwhitecolours,becausetheyareconsideredunlucky.Instead,usebrightcolourssuchasgreen,redoryellow.Whengivingmoneyforanyoccasion,itshouldhaveanoddnumber(奇数)value.That’sbelievedtobringgoodluck.Insteadofreceivingagiftwithbothhands,Indiansgenerallyonlyusetheirrighthandbecauselefthandsareconsideredunclean.JapanFormostJapanese,theritual(礼节)ofgivingpresentsismoreimportantthanthegiftsthemselves.Thecorrectwayistopresentorreceivegiftswithbothhands.Everygiftshouldbewrapped.That’sbecauseuncoveredgiftsareconsidereddisrespectful.Toshowpolitenessandthanks,thosewhoarereceivingthegiftmayturnitdownonceortwicebeforefinallyacceptingit.Giftsshouldbegiveninpairs,butfourshouldbeavoidedjustlikeinChina.Luckynumbersalsoincludeeight.Eightissaidtobringprosperity.NativeAmericaWhileitmaybecommonforgueststopreparegiftsforhosts,thisisdifferentinNativeAmericancommunities.Fromweddingstobirthdaycelebrations,guestsaretheoneswhoreceivegifts.Giftsareusuallyhomemadeartsandcraftsthataremadebyhandtoshowlove,respectandappreciation.9.WhatkindofgiftwouldyoubringtoanIndianhome?A.Somechocolatesinagreenbox.B.Flowerswrappedinblackpaper.C.Sixtydollarsinayellowenvelope.D.Seventy-fiverupeeswrappedinwhitepaper.10.Whydon’tJapaneseacceptagiftatonce?A.Togetanotherbettergift.B.Tobemorepoliteandthankful.C.Torefuseone’skindness.D.Tobemoreoutgoingandactive.11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tolistsomeattractivefestivals.B.Tocomparesomecountries.C.Torecommendsomeformalgifts.D.Tointroducesomegift-givingtraditions.Ⅴ.七选五Itcanbeveryeasytostickwithwhatyouknow,insteadoftryingtomeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou.1Here’swhatyoucando.

Becomeself-aware.2Thisincludesbias(偏见)aboutyourownculturalbackground.Itcanbechallenging,butbydoingthisyou’llbeabletothinkabouthowthesetraitsmightimpactonyourapproachtounderstandingdifferences.Youcouldtry:Thinkaboutwhatassumptionsyoumakeaboutyourfriends,peers,andpeopleyouworkwith.

Talktosomeonefromadifferentculturalbackground.Tryandgettoknowsomeonefromadifferentculturalbackgroundbetter.3You’llautomaticallyfindoutmoreabouttheirlifeandexperiences.Justbeingcuriousandopen-mindedcanbehelpful.

Bemoreaccepting.Sometimes,foronereasonoranother,it’snotallthateasytounderstandsomeculturaldifferences.4Inotherwords,youdon’thavetounderstand,orevenagreewithsomeoneinordertoacceptthem.

5Oneofthebiggestdifficultiestoovercomeinunderstandingculturaldifferencesismakingjudgmentsbasedononeopinion.Youshoulddosomeresearchtoactuallylearnaboutpeople,insteadofmakingbroad-brushassessments.Stereotyping(对……形成模式化的看法)peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscanimpactontheirqualityoflifeandopportunities.

A.Doyourownresearch.B.Thinkbeyondstereotypes.C.Practicebeingsympathetictowardspeople.D.Workoutyourownbeliefs,valuesandpersonalbias.E.Insteadofaskingthemquestionsdirectly,treatthemasfriends.F.Andthebestapproachistoacknowledgepeoplearedifferentandtoacceptthatisokay.G.However,tryingtounderstandpeoplefromothercountriescanhelpyouexperiencemore.Ⅵ.完形填空Inthehistoryoflanguage,wordsriseandfall.Wemakeandremakethem;theymakeandremakeus.Thestoryofawordisascomplexasahurricane.Itis1toknowforsurehowitcatcheson,meetsnewneeds,andacquiresnewmeanings.Itisimpossibleto2thedeclineofonewordontheriseofanother.

ButinthedestiniesoftwopairsofwordsisasuggestionofaturninginAmerican3.Itisaturningawayfromanideaofthenaturalworthofthings:from“pleasure”,withitssenseofa(n)4conditionofmind,to“fun”,socloselyaffiliatedwithoutwardactivities;from“excellence”,aninnertraitwhoseattainmentisitsownreward,to“achievement”,whichcomesthroughhardworkand5.

“Pleasure”speaksofastateofmindthatcomesorganically,thatneednotbeartificiallyinduced.“Fun”,thoughalmostthesameas“pleasure”forcontemporaryspeakers,often6artificialinducement(诱导).Youdon’tfeelfun;youdoafunthing.And“fun”hasnohintofelitism(优越感),while“pleasure”does.

If“pleasure”comesfrombeing,“fun”comesfromdoingand,often,switchingoffthebrain.ThetransitionofAmericanusagefrom“pleasure”to“fun”perhapspartlyaccountsfortheAmerican7onactivitiesforalloccasions,ratherthantrustingpleasuretodeveloponitsown.InEat,Pray,Love,thebest-sellingmemoirbyElizabethGilbert,sheconcludesthat“Americanshavean8torelaxintopurepleasure.Oursisanentertainment-seekingnation,butnot9apleasure-seekingone.”Italians,10,havemastered“belfarniente(thejoyofdoingnothing)”.

Thenthereisthe11from“excellence”to“achievement”.“Excellence”hasahintofvirtue.Anyonecanachieve,ingarbagecollectionorneurosurgery,buthowmanycantrulybe12?

“Achievement”,like“fun”,isoutwardinnature.Itcomesindoingspecificthings.Itismoreaboutcheckingboxesthan13innerpotentials.Theachievementcultureinfluenceseveryaspectoflifetoday.Fromelementary-schooltestingtothecontinualpressuretoover-scheduleasauniversitystudent,educationalcultureemphasizestheaccumulationofachievementsoverintellectualsparkle.WallStreetstumbled(绊跌)inpartbecausesomanychasedachieverbonuseswhileneglectingthe14ofexcellenceintheirvocation.AnAmericancultureofimmediatecelebrityteachesyoungpeoplethatfameisa(n)15initselfratherthananincidentalsymptomofexcellenceincraft.1.A.necessary B.difficultC.possible D.crucial2.A.impose B.criticizeC.impress D.blame3.A.literature B.cultureC.history D.population4.A.peaceful B.uneasyC.internal D.external5.A.recognition B.admissionC.identification D.reflection6.A.covers B.hidesC.involves D.connects7.A.persistence B.resistanceC.existence D.insistence8.A.inaction B.inspirationC.inability D.instinct9.A.absolutely B.particularlyC.specifically D.necessarily10.A.forexample B.infactC.inthelongrun D.onthecontrary11.A.exchange B.transformationC.transition D.transplantation12.A.distinguishedB.outstandingC.excellent D.successful13.A.abandoning B.fulfillingC.enhancing D.awarding14.A.core B.purchaseC.nature D.pursuit15.A.process B.progressC.consequence D.end参考答案Ⅰ.1.stare2.blanket3.adventures4.folk5.subjective6.unseen7.blank8.curtains9.inches10.submit11.reciteⅡ.1.stareat2.arefamousfor3.atthetopof4.gosailing5.longto6.wastiredof7.slipaway8.lookingoutⅢ.1.thereisnohope2.tookhimaside3.inanattemptto4.indisbelief5.inwhichⅣ.【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。作者在高中最后一年紧张的生活中意外收获了友谊。1.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itwasthesecondsemesterofmysenioryear.Tensionwashighformewithapplyingtocollegesandtryingtogetperfectgrades.”可知,作者忙着拿高分申请大学。2.B词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Manypeopleneverunderstoodhowwebecamefriends.”及对两人的诸多共同爱好的描述可知,两人一见如故,很快成了好朋友。3.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shewasthecompleteoppositeofme,withshortblackhairandbiggreeneyes.”可知,两人的外表是完全不一样的。4.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...DominiqueCandIhavehardlytalked.Togetherwecommunicateasmuchaswecanduringbreaks.Stillourfriendshipisstrong.”可知,作者与DominiqueC虽然只能利用休息时间交流,但她们的友谊依然牢固。【语篇导读】本文是说明文。TheAnimalsAmongUs一书的作者JohnBradshaw在文中解释了人们对狗的错误认识。5.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“whetheranimalscanfeelembarrassmentorguilt”和“Dogsputtheguiltylookonalmostbeforetheownerknowsit’stimetogetangryaboutsomethingthedoghasdone.”及第四段中的“There’snoevidencethatthedog’smindcandothat.”可知,两人真正的分歧在于John认为狗不会像人一样感到内疚。6.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Theycanreactmorequicklytohumanbodylanguagethanhumanscan.”可知,John认为狗可以迅速解读人类的肢体语言。7.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theydohaveanabilitytoplanifthey’vebeenfacedwithaparticularsituationbefore.Buttheycan’timaginethemselvesintoasituationthey’veneverbeenin.”可知,狗的计划能力是非常有限的,仅限于它们见过的情况。8.D写作意图题。根据第一段中的“destroysafewmythsaboutthepets”和下文具体内容可知,本文主要是围绕人们关于狗的两个误解展开的,并借JohnBradshaw之口解释了真实的情况分别是什么。【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了三个地方的独特的送礼传统。9.A推理判断题。根据India小标题下段中的“Giftsshouldn’tbewrappedinblackorwhitecolours,becausetheyareconsideredunlucky.Instead,usebrightcolourssuchasgreen,redoryellow.”可知,在印度送礼不可以用黑白两色包装纸,可以是绿、红、黄颜色,所以可用A项“绿色盒子装的巧克力”,排除B项“用黑纸包着的花”和D项“用白纸包着的七十五卢比”两项;根据段中“Whengivingmoneyforanyoccasion,itshouldhaveanoddnumbervalue.”可知,捐钱数目应是奇数值,排除C项“装在一个黄色信封里的六十美元”。故选A项。10.B细节理解题。根据Japan小标题下段中的“Toshowpolitenessandthanks,thosewhoarereceivingthegiftmayturnitdownonceortwicebeforefinallyacceptingit.”可知,日本人不马上接受礼物是为了表示更加礼貌和感谢。故选B项。11.D写作意图题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段中的“Takealookatthreeuniquegift-givingtraditions.(让我们来看看三个独特的送礼传统。)”以及后面三段介绍了三个国家的送礼传统可知,本文目的就是为了介绍一些送礼传统。故选D项。Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要论述了几种降低文化差异影响、让交流沟通更和谐的方法,包括了解自己、与来自不同文化背景的人交谈、变得更能接受和不要观念固化等。1.G根据上句可知,坚持你所知道的而不是去结识与你不同的人,这很容易。结合下文内容可知,空处应是一个转折句,起到承上启下的作用,说明尽力理解来自其他国家的人可以给你带来好处,所以G项符合语境。2.D根据该段首句“Becomeself-aware.”可知,该段主要陈述要了解自己;根据空处下句“Thisincludesbiasaboutyourownculturalbackground.”可知,这包括对自己文化背景的偏见。据此可以判断,空处应与偏见有关。D项中的“bias”与空处下句中的“bias”对应。3.E根据空处下句可知,你会自然而然地了解到更多关于他们的生活和经历的信息。结合常识可知,空处应说要像朋友一样对待他们,而不是直接问他们问题。4.F根据该段首句“Bemoreaccepting.”可知,该段主要建议要接受对方的不同。根据空处下句可知,你不