2023年考研外语模拟试卷9

考研外语模拟试卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、Mostpeoplewouldbe(1)bythehighqualityof

medicine(2)tomostAmericans.Thereisalotof

specialization,agreatdealof(3)totheindividual,a

(4)amountofadvancedtechnicalequipment,and(5)

effortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhich

doctorsandhospitalsmust(6)inthecourtsifthey

(7)thingsbadly.

ButtheAmericansareinamess.Theproblemisthewayin

(8)healthcareisorganizedand(9).(10)to

pubicbeliefitisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.The

privatesystemhasbeenjoinedalargepublicsystem,because

privatecarewassimplynot(11)thelessfortunateand

theelderly.

Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofthesystem,(12)

thisyearwilleatup84.5billiondollars一morethan10percent

oftheU.S.Budget—largenumberofAmericansareleft

(13).Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployed

andthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimits(14)income

fixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan.

Thebasicproblem,however,isthatthereisnocentralcontrol

(15)thehealthsystem.Thereisno(16)towhat

doctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservices,otherthan

whatthepublicisabletopay.Thenumberofdoctorshasshot

upandpriceshaveclimbed.Whenfacedwithtoothache,asick

child,oraheartattack,al1theunfortunatepersonsconcerned

candois(17)up.Twothirdsofthepopulation(18)

coveredbymedicalinsurance.Doctorschargeasmuchasthey

want(19)thattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill.

TherisingcostofmedicineintheU.S.A.isamongthemost

worryingproblemsfacingthecountry.In1981thecountry，s

healthbillclimbed15.9percent—abouttwiceasfastasprices

(20)general.

A.compressed

B.impressed

C.obsessed

D.repressed

2、⑵

A.available

B.attainable

C.achievable

D.amenable

3、(3)

A.extension

B.retention

C.attention

D.exertion

4、(4)

A.countless

B.titanic

C.broad

D.vast

5、(5)

A.intensive

B.absorbed

C.intense

D.concentrated

6、(7)

A.treat

B.deal

C.maneuver

D.handle

7、⑻

A.which

B.that

C.what

D.when

8、(9)

A.tofinance

B.financed

C.thefinance

D.tobefinanced

9、(10)

A.Contrary

B.Opposedto

C.Averse

D.Objected

10、(11)

A.lookingfor

B.lookinginto

C.lookingafter

D.lookingover

11、(12)

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.it

12、(13)

A.over

B.out

C.off

D.away

13、(14)

A.for

B.in

C.with

D.on

14、(15)

A.over

B.on

C.under

D.behind

15、(16)

A.boundary

B.restriction

C.confinement

D.limit

16、(17)

A.topay

B.paying

C.pay

D.tohavepaid

17、(18)

A.isbeing

B.are

C.havebeen

D.is

18、(19)

A.knowing

B.toknow

C.theyknow

D.known

19、(20)

A.in

B.with

C.on

D.for

二、ReadingComprehension

1PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thefoodyoueatdoesmorethanprovideenergy.Itcanhavea

dramaticeffectonyourbody'sabilitytofightoffheart

disease,cancer,diabetes,highbloodpressure,stroke,and

weakbones.Withremarkableconsistency,recentresearchhas

foundthatadiethighinplant-basedfoods一fruits,vegetables,

driedpeasandbeans,grains,andstarchystaplessuchas

potatoes一isthebody;sbestweaponinthwartingmany

health-relatedproblems.Thesefoodsworkagainstsomany

diseasesthatthesamehealthyingredientsyoumightuseto

protectyourheartorwardoffcancerwillalsobenefityour

intestinaltractandbones.

Scientistshaverecentlyestimatedthatapproximately30to40

percentofallcancerscouldbeavertedifpeopleatemore

fruits,vegetables,andplant-basedfoodsandminimized

high-fat,high-calorieediblesthathavescantnutritional

value.Upto70percent，ofcancersmightbeeliminatedif

peoplealsostoppedsmoking,exercisedregularly,and

controlledtheirweight.Inthepast,researchershadlinked

fatconsumptionwiththedevelopmentofcancers,butthey

currentlybelievethateatingfruits,vegetables,andgrains

maybemoreimportantinpreventingthediseasethannoteating

fat."Theevidenceaboutahigh-fatdietandcancerseemeda

lotstrongerseveralyearsagothanitdoesnow”,saysMelanie

Polk,aregistereddietitiananddirectorofnutrition

educationattheAmericanInstituteforCancerResearch.

Theroadtostrongbonesispavedwithcalcium-richfood.Leafy

greenvegetablesandlow-fatdairyproductsareexcellent

sourcesofcalcium,themineralthatputsstiffnessintoyour

skeletalsystemandkeepsyourbonesfromturningrubberyand

fragile.Yourbodyusescalciumformorethankeepingyourbones

strong.Calciumpermitscells,todivide,regulatesmuscle

contractionandrelaxation,andplaysanimportantroleinthe

movementofproteinandnutrientsinsidecells.Ifyoudon't

absorbenoughfromwhatyoueattosatisfytheserequirements,

yourbodywilltakeitfromyourbones.Becauseyourbody

doesn'tproducethisessentialmineral,youmustcontinually

replenishthesupply.Eventhoughtherecommendeddailyamount

is1,200mg,mostadultsdon'teatmorethan500mg.Onereason

mayhavebeentheperceptionthatcalcium-richdairyproducts

werealsoloadedwithcalories."Inthepast,women,in

particular,worriedthatdairyproductswerehighincalories”,

saysLethaY.Griffin,M.D.,ofPeachtreeOrthopaedicsin

Atlanta."Buttodayyoucangetcalciumwithouteatingany

high-fatorhigh-caloriefoodsbychoosingskimmilkorlow-fat

yogurt”.Also,low-fatdairyproductscontainphosphorousand

magnesiumandaregenerallyfortifiedwithvitaminD,allof

whichhelpyourbodyabsorbandusecalcium.Ifyoufindit

difficulttoincludeenoughcalciuminyourdiet,askyour

doctoraboutsupplements.They'reapotentwaytogetcalcium

aswellasvitaminDandotherminerals.Butifyourelyonpills

insteadofacalcium-richdiet,youwon'tbenefitfromtheother

nutrientsthatfoodprovides.Gettingtherecommendedvitamin

Dmaybeeasy,sinceyourbodymakesthevitaminwhenyourskin

isexposedtothesun'srays.

Whichkindoffoodisrecommendedtopreventheartdisease,

cancer,diabetes,highbloodpressure,stroke,andweakbones?

A.Calcium-richfood.

B.Plant-basedandstarchystaplesfood.

C.High-fat,high-caloriefood.

D.VitaminD-richfood.

2、

Theword“thwart”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans""

A.destroy

B.forbid

C.cure

D.prevent

3、

percentofallcancerscouldbeavertedifpeopleate

morefruits,vegetables,andplant-basedfoodsandminimized

high-fat,high-calorieedibles.

A.30-40

B.40-50

C.50-60

D.60-70

4、

Accordingtothepassage,cancersmaytakesomehealthysteps

otherthan.

A.stopsmoking

B.exerciseregularly

C.takenon-fatdiet

D.controltheirweight

5、

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Todayyoucangetcalciumwithouteatinganyhigh-fator

high-caloriefoodsbychoosingskimmilkorlow-fatyogurt.

B.Calciumplaysanimportantroleinthemovementofprotein

andnutrientsinsidecells.

C.Youcanrelyonpillsinsteadofacalcium-richdiettotake

enoughcalcium.

D.Ifyouwanttoabsorbcalcium,youshouldexposeyourself

tothesun'srays.

6、Amultinationalcorporationisacorporateenterprise,

whichthoughheadquarteredinonecountry,conductsits

operationsthroughbranchesthatitownsorcontrolsaroundthe

world.Theorganizations,mostlybasedintheUnitedStates,

WesternEurope,andJapan,havebecomemajoractorsonthe

internationalstage,forsomeofthemarewealthierthanmany

ofthecountriestheyoperatein.Thelessdevelopedcountries

oftenwelcomethemultinationalsbecausetheyareasourceof

investmentandjobs.Yettheirpresencehasitsdrawbacks,for

theseorganizationssoondevelopimmensepoliticaland

economicinfluenceinthehostcountries.Developmentbecomes

concentratedinafewindustriesthatareorientedtotheneeds

oftheoutsiders;profitsarefrequentlyexportedratherthan

reinvested;andlocalbenefitsgomainlytoasmallrulinggroup

whoseinterestsaretiedtothoseoftheforeignersratherthan

tothoseoftheirownpeople.Theeffectistofurtherincrease

exportdependencyandtolimitthelessdevelopedcountries，

controloftheirowneconomies.

Itseemsthatboththemodernizationandworld-system

approachesmaybevalidincertainrespects.Themodernization

modeldoeshelpusmakesenseofthehistoricalfactof

industrializationandofthevariousinternaladjustmentsthat

societiesundergoduringthisprocess.Theworld-systemmodel

remindsusthatcountriesdonotdevelopinisolation.Theydo

soinacontextoffierceinternationalpoliticalandeconomic

competition,acompetitionwhoseoutcomefavorsthestronger

parties.

Today,thelessdevelopedcountriesarestrugglingtoachieve

inthecourseofafewyearsthematerialadvantagesthatthe

olderindustrializednationshavetakengenerationstogain.

Theresultisoftenatug-of-warbetweentheforcesof

modernizationandthesentimentsoftradition,withserious

socialdisturbanceastheresult.Theresponseshavetakenmany

differentforms:militaryoverthrowbyarmyofficers

determinedtoimposesocialorder;fundamentalistreligious

movementsurgingareturntoabsolutemoralitiesand

certaintiesofthepast;nationalismasanewideologytounite

thepeopleforthechallengeofmodernization.Andsometimes

socialchangetakesplaceinawaythatisnotevolutionary,

butrevolutionary.

Whydothelessdevelopedcountrieswelcomethemultinationals?

A.Becausemultinationalsaremoredeveloped.

B.Becausemultinationalsbringinvestmentandjobs.

C.Becausemultinationalsconducttheiroperationsthrough

branches.

D.Becausemultinationalsarewealthier.

7、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheproblemsbroughtby

multinationals?

A.Theylimitthehostcountry'scontroloftheirown

economies.

B.Profitsarefrequentlyexportedratherthanreinvested.

C.Variousindustriesdevelopinthehostcountry.

D.Theyincreasethehostcountry'sexportdependency.

8、

Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobenefitfromthe

fierceinternationalpoliticalandeconomiccompetition?

A.Thehostindustries.

B.Thelocalpeople.

C.Thosestrongerandrichercountries.

D.Thelocalrulinggroup.

0----£

J13

Whatdoestheword“tug-of-war“probablyreferto?

A.Serioussocialdisorder.

B.Militaryoverthrowbyarmyofficers.

C.Fierceinternationalpoliticalandeconomiccompetition.

D.Strugglebetweenmodernizationandthesentimentsof

tradition.

10、

Whatistherootcauseofserioussocialdisturbanceinless

developedcountries?

A.Violentsocialchange.

B.Militaryoverthrow.

C.Nationalism.

D.Fundamentalistreligiousmovements.

11、Hawaii'snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegree

ofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthe

archipelago'spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthe

WhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarand

peopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedto

theidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethen

Hawaii'snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsother

ethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate's

homeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlife

spanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.Theyare

theonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii(sfirst

nativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives'causea

majorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecide

bythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiian

nation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.

Somejustwantgreaterautonomywiththestate一asenjoyedby

manyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.

ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs

(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives)

interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthe

nativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousintheKaLahui

group,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,

officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfar

fromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestate

authoritiesonlycountthosepeoplewithmorethan50percent

Hawaiianbloodasnative.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,

though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresof

Hawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethat

nativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestate

authorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136

millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssay

thatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupits

claimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputed

this.

Hawaii,snativeminorityrefersto.

A.peopleofFilipinoorigin

B.theKaLahuigroup

C.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

D.Hawaii,sethnicgroups

12、

WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueoftheHawaiian

natives?

A.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

D.Theirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsin

Hawaii.

13、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

A.Hesuggestedthatthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

B.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

C.HeisHawaii'sfirstnativegovernor.

D.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

14、

Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitude

onthematterofsovereignty?

A.TheHawaiiannatives.

B.AmericanIndiannatives.

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

D.TheKaLahuigroup.

15、

VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A.morebackrentonthecrownland

B.fullindependencefromtheUS

C.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

D.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

16>ThePakistanipresident,Gen.PervezMusharraf,announced

heretodaythatadelegationofPakistaniofficialswouldfly

totheTaliban'sheadquartersinthesouthernAfghancityof

KandaharMondaytorenewdemandsthatthemilitiasurrender

SaudifugitiveOsamaBinLaden.

U.S.officialshavenamedBinLaden,whohasbeengivenshelter

bytheTalibanrulersinAfghanistan,astheprimesuspectin

Tuesday*sterroristattacksinWashingtonandNewYork.

“Weareawareofthegravityofthesituationandknowthatin

thelivesofnations,suchsituationsdoarisethatrequire

makingimportantdecisions”,Musharrafsaidatameetingwith

Pakistaninewspapereditors.

TheTaliban,sleader,MohammadOmar,hasrefusedtogiveupBin

Laden,claimingheisnotresponsiblefortheU.S.attacks.

“ThePakistangovernmentisleaningontheTalibangovernment

tohandoverOsamatosavethisentireregionfromcatastrophe”,

saidNajamSethi,editoroftheweeklynewspaperFridayTimes,

whoparticipatedinthemeetingwithMusharraf."Iamnotsure

whetherthereismuchchanceofthathappening,butthepressure

isonfromthePakistangovernment”.

PakistanhasbeenakeysupporteroftheTaliban,whichcontrols

morethan90percentofAfghanistanandhasenforcedastrict

interpretationofIslamiclawinthecountry.

Omar,theTalibanleader,todayconvenedanemergencymeeting

ofclerics（圣职人员）intheAfghancapital,Kabul."Asregards

thepossibleattackbyAmericaonthesacredsoilofAfghanistan,

veteranhonorableclericsshouldcometoKabulforasharia

decision”,OmarsaidinastatementbroadcastontheTaliban's

RadioShariattoday.ShariaisIslamiclaw.

Omar,whoreportedlyleftMs.Kandaharheadquartersseveral

daysagoinanticipationofaU.S.attack,askedAfghanstopray

andreadtheKorantomeetwhathecalleda"test”,according

tothestatement.Heindicatedhewouldnotattendthemeeting

ofclerics,thoughhereportedlymetwithasmallgroupof

seniorclericstoday.

ThePakistan-basedAfghanIslamicPressreportedtodayithad

receivedastatementfromBinLaden,dispatchedbyanaidefrom

anundisclosedlocationinAfghanistan,inwhichhedenied

involvementinlastweek'sattacksontheWorldTradeCenter

andthePentagon.

“IamresidinginAfghanistan，/,thestatementsaid,“Ihave

takenanoathofallegiancetoOmarwhichdoesnotallowmeto

dosuchthingsfromAfghanistan.Wehavebeenblamedinthepast,

butwewerenotinvolved”.

WhatisthemissionofthedelegationofPakistaniofficials

toAfghanistan?

A.TosurrenderSaudifugitiveOsamaBinLaden.

B.ToconveythedemandsoftheU.S.ontheAmericans，decision

ofanair-raidonAfghanistan.

C.TotellTalibanleaderstohandoverBinLaden.

D.ToadviseTalibanleaderstogetreadyfortheAmericans)

unexpectedairattacks.

17、

Accordingtothetextallthefollowingstatementsaretrue

EXCEPT.

A.theTalibangovernmenthasbeenlegallyrulingAfghanistan

sinceitsdefeatingallotherforces

B.BinLadendeniedhisinvolvementinlastweek,sattackson

theWorldTradeCenter

C.theTalibanleaderscallontheirpeopletoprayandread

theKorantomeetwhattheycalleda"test"

D.anemergencymeetingofclericsintheAfghancapital,is

heldtodayinKabultodiscusstheAmericans'threatofthe

country

18、

ThestatementfromBinLaden.I.isdeclaredbyhisaide

inadisclosedlocationII.stressesthathehasnoconnection

withlastweek'sattacksontheWorldTradeCenterIII.sayshe

isnottheprimesuspectinTuesday'sterroristattacksin

WashingtonandNewYork

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IllandI

D.IandIII

19、

Thephrase“thegravityofthesituation“inthecontextcan

bestmean.

A.theheavyweightofthesituation

B.theunexpectedsituation

C.thediscouragingsituation

D.theseriousandurgentsituation

20、

Thekeypointsofthispieceofnewscanbestatedas.

A.lastweek,sattacksontheWorldTradeCenterandthe

Americans'threatonattackingAfghanistan

B.Americans'suspectofBinLaden，sinvolvementinthe

attacksinWashingtonandNewYorkandthedemandofAfghanistan

togivehimup

C.theTalibanleaders'callfortheirpeopletodefense

againstAmericans，possibleairattackandprayandreadthe

Koran

D.theinevitableAmericans，attackagainstAfghanistanand

theawarenessofsuchathreatbytheTalibanleaders

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutrelationsbetweenmachine

andhuman,followedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebest

examplefromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41—45).

Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.

Willhumansalwaysbesuperiortomachines?

Thisstatementactuallyconsistsofaseriesofthreerelated

claims(1)machinesaretoolsofhumanminds;(2)humanminds

willalwaysbesuperiortomachines;and(3)itisbecause

machinesarehumantoolsthathumanmindswillalwaysbe

superiortomachines.WhileIconcedethefirstclaim,whether

Iagreewiththeothertwoclaimsdependspartlyonhowone

defines"superiority”,andpartlyonhowwillingoneisto

humbleoneselftotheunknownfuturescenarios.

(41)Afterall,wouldanymachineevenexistunlessahuman

beinginventedit?Ofcoursenot.Moreover,Iwouldbe

hard-pressedtothinkofanymachinethatcannotbedescribed

asatool.Evenmachinesdesignedtoentertainoramuseus一for

example,toyrobots,carsandvideogames,andnovelty

items——areinfacttools,whichtheirinventorsandpromoters

useforengagingincommerceandthebusinessofentertainment

andamusement.

(42)And,theclaimthatamachinecanbeanendinitself,

withoutpurposeorutilitarianfunctionforhumanswhatsoever,

isdubiousatbest,sinceIcannotconjureupevenasingle

exampleofanysuchmachine.

(43)Asforthestatement(ssecondclaim,incertainrespects

machinesaresuperior.Wehavedevisedmachinesthatperform,

number-crunchingandotherrotecerebraltaskswithgreater

accuracyandspeedthanhumanmindsevercould.However,ifone

definessuperioritynotintermsofcompetenceinperforming

rotetasksbutratherinotherways,humanmindsaresuperior.

Machineshavenocapacityforindependentthought,formaking

judgmentsbasedonnormativeconsiderations,orfordeveloping

emotionalresponsestointellectualproblems.

(44)Upuntilnow,thenotionofhuman-mademachinesthat

developtheabilitytothinkontheirown,andtodevelop

so-called“emotionalintelligence”,hasbeenpurefiction.

Besides,eveninfictionwehumansultimatelyprevailoversuch

machines—asinthecasesofFrankenstein'smonsterandHat,

thecomputerin2022:ASpaceOdyssey.Yetitseemspresumptuous

toassertwithconfidencethathumanswillalwaysmaintain

theirsuperiorstatusovertheirmachines.Inotherwords,

machineswillsoonexhibitthetraitstowhichwehumans

attributeourownsuperiority.

(45)Andinsofarashumanshavetheuniquecapacityfor

independentthought,subjectivejudgment,andemotional

response,italsoseemsfairtoclaimsuperiorityoverour

machines.Besides,shouldweeverbecomesocleveraspecies

astodevisemachinesthatcantrulythinkforthemselvesand

lookoutfortheirownwell-being,thenquerywhetherthese

machinesofthefuturewouldbe"machines“anymore.

A.Recentadvancesinbiotechnology,particularlyinthearea

ofhumangenomeresearch,suggestthatwithinthetwenty-first

centurywe'11witnessmachinesthatcanlearntothinkontheir

own,torepairandnurturethemselves,toexperienceVisceral

sensations,andsoforth.

B.Thestatementisclearlyaccurateinsofarasmachinesare

toolsofhumanminds.

C.Insum,becausewedevisemachinesinorderthattheymay

serveus,itisfairtocharacterizemachinesas“toolsofhuman

minds”.

D.It，shardlysurprisingthathuman-mademachinecandothe

mostworksthat