The Victorian Period (维多利亚时期)

TheVictorianPeriod（维多利亚时期）

1837---1901S.H.TheVictorianPeriod1.HistoricalBackground

TimeSpan（时间范围）:

from1837,whenQueenVictoriatookthethrone（王位）,to1901,whenshedied.ThreePeriods（时期）:Earlyperiod:theIndustrialRevolution;thenReformbill（改革法案）of1832;ChartistMovement（宪章运动）.Mid-Victorianperiod:economicprosperityandrelativestabilityLateperiod:declineofBritishEmpireandthedecayofVict-orianvalue;Irishquestion(爱尔兰的问题);badworkingcondition;InequalityBetweenmenandwomen;KarlMarx’stheory(卡尔·马克思理论);unsettlingofReligiousbelief(令人不安的宗教信仰)QueenElizabeth&QueenVictoria1、onthethrone(王位)foralongperiodoftime2、Englanddevelopedrapidlybothpoliticallyandeconomically3、literatureflourished(文学繁荣兴旺)CharacteristicsofVictorianCharacteristicsof

VictorianLiteratureThenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandmostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.TheVictorianagewasalsoagreatonefornon-fictionalprose.Thepoetsofthisperiodweremainlycharacterizedbytheirexperimentwithnewstylesandnewwaysofexpression.1、NovelwasthedominantforminVictorianliterature.

2、TheRiseoftheWomenNovelistsClassificationsoftheWriters

VictoriannovelistsCharlesDickens,WilliamMakepeaceThackeray（

威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷）,Charlotte/Emily/Bronte,GeorgeEliot,ThomasHardy（托马斯·哈代）

VictorianpoetsAlfredTennyson（阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生）,TheBrownings

VictorianplaywrightsOscarWilde,GeorgeBernardShaw查尔斯·狄更斯

（CharlesDickens，1812－1870）C.DisoneofthegreatestVictorianwriters英国维多利亚小说最重要的代表“

thegeniuswhomostfullyexpressedhiscontemporariesinthecommoninterest”---StefanZweig

“一个最充分地表达了他同时代人的共同趣味的天才”（斯蒂芬-茨威格语）。CharlesDickens

（1812-1870）

hewasborninapoorclerk’sfamily.heisagreatnovelist,hadlittleschoolingDickensisa19thcenturyBritishliterature,themainrepresentativeofrealismMarxandhisreputationastheUKandotherThackeray,"agroupofdistinguishednovelistFeaturesofDickens’Novels

狄更斯文学创作的特色Sharpsocialcriticism.尖锐的社会批评Gentlehumanitarian.温和的人道主义vividoutwardportrayal

生动的人物塑造HumorousandPungentirony幽默辛辣的讽刺Earlyperiod(1836-45):

狄更斯的早期创作Gentlesocialcriticism温和的社会讽刺Fantasticoptimism充满幻想的乐观精神Novelapicaresca“流浪汉小说”的结构模式Exaggeration夸张的艺术手法

ThePickwickPapers

《匹克威克外传》（1837）OliverTwist

《奥利佛·退斯特》(又名《雾都孤儿》（1838）TheOldCuriosityShop

《老古玩店》（1839）NicholasNickleby

《尼古拉斯·尼科尔贝》（1841）HisrepresentativeworksofthattimeThePickwickPapersOliverTwistThemiddleperiod(1846-1857):

狄更斯的中期创作Hecriticisebourgeoisandtheirmorality对资产者及其道德的辛辣批判GentleMoralism

温和的道德主义Theplotandstructurearemorecompleteunified情节结构更为完整统一Humorandsatire幽默讽刺风格AmericanNotes

《美国札记》（1842）

MartinChuzzlewit

《马丁·瞿述伟》（1843）DombeyandSon

《董贝父子》（1848）DavidCopperfield

《大卫·科波菲尔》（1852）HisrepresentativeworksofthattimeDavidCopperfieldAmericanNotesThelaterperiod(1858-70):

狄更斯的晚期创作HumorandsatireSocialCriticism

广泛、尖锐的社会批判GentleReformismandStronghumanitarian温和的改良主义和强烈的人道主义Explorationofman’sinnerconflicts

尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计

Symbolism

象征手法HisrepresentativeworksofthattimeBleakHouse

《荒凉山庄》（1853）HardTimes

《艰难时世》（1854）LittleDorrit

《小杜丽》

（1857）ATaleofTwoCities

《双城记》（1859）GreatExpectations

《远大前程》（1861）OurMutualFriend

《我们共同的朋友》（1865）GreatExpectationsAtaleofcitesItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.------Ataleofcites《双城记》那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔天堂，我们全都在直奔地狱。译文：HeliesburiedinthePoet’sCornerinLondon.Thewordsofhisgravereadasfollows”byhisdeathoneofEngland’sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld.”TheinfluenceDickensexposeandcriticizeinhisworksallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessheseesallaroundhim.Dickens’snovelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglishbourgeoissocietyofhisageHisnovelstellmuchoftheexperiencesofhischildhood.Almostallhisnovelshavehappyendings.DickensisagreathumoristDickensisapettybourgeoisintelle