2022年考研英语阅读模拟试题二

2022年考研英语阅读模拟试题(2)

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneed

journalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithout

monetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalso

forfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandthe

productionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarket

foritsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotveryprice

sensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%on

theiroperationsatatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinan

existentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapers

producedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversities

alonespentmorethan£210min2022toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpublicly

fundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperate

effortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,anthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceof

Sci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2022,which

nowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2022.The

successofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselves

legallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersand

mustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfunding

bodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritish

scientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailable

fromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublishers

canmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotyetworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.

Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreaders

bychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofprepringanarticle.Theserange

2

fromaround£500to$5,000,andapparentlytheworkgetsmoreexpensivethemorethat

publishersdoit.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptions

andoftheseaarticlepreparationcosts“hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateabove

inflation.

Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocial

internet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehuge

profitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneed

arebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause

[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversity1ibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub

[A]Relieved.

[B]Puzzled.

[C]Concerned.

[D]Encouraged.

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms

[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthescientificpublishingmodel

[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.

[D]Thefewfeedonthemany.

参考答案Text2

26.选D。解析：此题为细节题。题干问：^Scientificpublishingisseenasualicence

toprintmoney"partlybecause〃，意思是：科学出版行业被视为一本万利，一局部原因

是定位到原文第一段第二句,“Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheir

research,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientists

performthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentral

elementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.v

意思是：科学家需要在学术期刊上发表他们的研究，所以他们会无偿提供文章。其他科学家

做专业的同行评议工作也是免费的，因为这是获取(学术)地位和科学知识生产的核心元素。

这说明，科学家奉献内容是无偿的，换言之，其内容获取是没有代价的(itscontent

acquisitioncostsnothing),应选D。

27.选A。解析：此题为细节题。题干问：^AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientific

publishersElsevierhave...〃意思是：“根庵第2段和第3段，科学期刊出版商Elsevier...〃

定位到文章第2段和第3段，“Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,the

publisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,university

librarieswerenotverypricesensitive."意思是，”由于论文内容是免费获取的，出

版商只需为自己的期刊找到市场即可。直到本世纪，大学图书馆对价格都不敏感。〃而第三

段说，TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapers

producedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversities

alonespentmorethan£210min2022toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpublicly

fundedresearch.意思是，“荷兰出版巨头Elsevier声称发表了全球25%的科学论文，去年

利润超过9亿英镑，而仅英国的大学在2022年就花费了2.1亿英镑，为了研究人员能用公费进

行自己的研究。从而看出，科学期刊出版商Elsevier的兴盛，主要依赖于大学的图书馆。应选

A,thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibrarieso

28.选D。解析：此题为作者态度题。题干问：“Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthe

successofSci-Hub〃定位到原文第4段。“Themostdrastic,anthoroughlyillegal,

reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierfor

scientificpapers,setupin2022,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalled

articlepublishedsince2022.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearchers

passingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystem

haslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforall

participants.〃意思是“最剧烈的、也是彻底不合法的对抗，是Sci-Hub的出现。这是一种

全球性的科学论文复印机，成立于2022年，声称可以访问自2022年以来发表的每一篇付费文

章。Sci-Hub的成功依赖于研究人员将自己合法获取的副本传递出去，这说明合法生态体系在用

户中已经失去了合法性，必须进行转变，以使其为所有人效劳〃。

29.选A。解析：此题为细节题。题干问：“ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and

6thatopenaccessterms'"意思是，"从第5和第6段可以得知，开源期刊条款...〃定位

至嫄文第5段，InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenby

fundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.Morethanhalfofall

Britishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreely

availablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothat

thepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.意思是，

在英国，开源出版是由资助机构推动的。在某些方面，它己经非常成功。当前英国超过一半

的科学研究都是在开放获取条款下出版的：要么从出版之日起就可以免费获得，要么在一年

或更长时间内付费，这样出版商在公开发行前就可以获利。定位到原文第6段，Yetthenew

systemhasnotyetworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershave

respondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheir

writersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround£500

to$5,000,andapparentlytheworkgetsmoreexpensivethemorethatpublishersdo

it.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese

aarticlepreparationcosts"hadbeensteadilyrisingat