2023年考研外语专家预测试卷7

考研外语专家预测试卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismisthe

privateownershipofthemajormeansofproduction—capital.

Theownershipoflargeamountsofcapitalcanbring(1)

profits,aswellaseconomicandpoliticalpower.Somerecent

theorists,(2),havearguedthatoursocietyhasmovedto

anewstageof(3)thattheycall"postindustrial"society.

Oneimportantchangeinsuchasocietyisthattheownership

of(4)amountsofcapitalisnolongertheonlyoreven

themostimportant(5)ofprofitsandinfluence;knowledge

aswellas(6)capitalbringsprofitsandinfluence.

Therearemany(7)withthethesisabove,nottheleast

of(8)isthatwealthycapitalistscanbuytheexpertsand

knowledgetheyneedtokeeptheirprofitsandinfluence.But

thisdoesnot(9)theimportanceofknowledgeinan

advancedindustrialsociety,asthe(10)ofsomenew

industriesindicates.(11),geneticengineeringandthe

newcomputertechnologyhave(12)manynewfirmsandmade

somescientistsquiterich.In(13)withcriticismofthe

postindustrialsocietythesis,however,itmustalsobe

(14)thatthosealreadyincontrolofhugeamountsof

capital(i.e.,majorcorporations)soon(15)totakemost

profitsintheseindustriesbasedonnewknowledge.

Movingdownfromthelevelofwealthandpower,westillfind

knowledgeincreasingly(16).Manynewhigh-techjobsare

beingcreatedattheupper-middle-classlevel,butevenmore

newjobsarebeingcreatedinthelow-skill,low-payingservice

(17).Somethinglikeacastelineisemergingcentered

aroundknowledge.Individualswhofalltoofarbehindinthe

(18)ofknowledgeatayoungagewillfinditalmost

impossibletocatchuplater,nomatterhowhardtheytry.

IlliteracyintheEnglishlanguagehasbeenasevere(19)

formanyyearsintheUnitedStates,butwearealsomovingto

thepointwhencomputerilliteracywillhindermanymorepeople

and(20)themtoalifeoflow-skillandlow-paidlabor.

A.quantitative

B.extensive

C.comprehensive

D.sophisticated

2、⑵

A.moreover

B.however

C.therefore

D.nevertheless

3、(3)

A.aggression

B.proficiency

C.productivity

D.evolution

4、(4)

A.dominant

B.impressive

C.magnificent

D.significant

5、⑸

A.source

B.factor

C.component

D.element

6、(6)

A.adequate

B.profitable

C.material

3

D.spiritual

7、(7)

A.advantages

B.consequences

C.problems

D.potentials

8、(8)

A.them

B.those

C.which

D.that

9、(9)

A.deny

B.refuse

C.admit

D.acknowledge

10、(10)

A.emergence

B.innovation

C.extinction

D.discovery

IK(ID

4

A.Inaddition

B.Forexample

C.Aboveall

D.Inshort

12、(12)

A.produced

B.created

C.improved

D.facilitated

13、(13)

A.line

B.need

C.doubt

D.match

14、(14)

A.idealized

B.recognized

C.supervised

D.summarized

15、(15)

A.steppedin

B.settleddown

5

C.leanedover

D.turnedout

16、(16)

A.accessible

B.important

C.popular

D.abundant

17、(17)

A.enterprises

B.employment

C.professions

D.industries

18、(18)

A.control

B.mastery

C.search

D.pursuit

19、(19)

A.handicap

B.penalty

C.inconvenience

D.shortcoming

6

20、(20)

A.enforce

B.punish

C.confine

D.condemn

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

TheFederalCommunicationsCommissionisnotaloneinworrying

abouttelevisionstationsthataircorporateadvertisements

masqueradingasnewsstories.Infact,theFCCrequiresthat

broadcaststationsdisclosethecorporatebackersof"video

newsreleases"orfaceamaximumfineof$32,500foreach

violation.Enoughviolationsandastationcouldloseits

license.TheFCCsetsoutaclearpolicy:Al1outsidenews

reportingmustbeidentified,disclosingthesourceofany

videonewsreleaseairedonanewsprogram.

Thereareoccasionaldeclines.Anonprofitconsumerwatchdog

groupreportedtotheFCCthat77stationsbroadcastvideo

featuresaboutproductsfrom49companieswithoutpointingout

thattheywereproducedbypublicrelationsfirmsrepresenting

thesecorporations.Publicrelationsfirmshaveonegoal:to

maketheirvideonewsreleaseslookasiftheyarelegitimate

newsreports,notpropaganda.

However,PR-producedvideonewsreleasesmerelyarethetipof

theiceberg.Eversincenewspapersbegan,special-interest

groupshavetriedtoinfluencethequalityandquantityofthe

newsprinted.Often,inexchangeforadvertisingrevenue,

newspaperswouldprintglowingstoriesoftheirsponsorsand

suppressanynewsthatmighthurttheirheavyadvertisers.

Thosewithouttheabilitytoinform,thepress,eitherthrough

newsreleasesorcontactsusuallyareignoredunlessthey

commitacrimeoractinattention-gettingways.

Formostofthe20thcentury,womenandpeopleofcolorfound

italmostimpossibletobreakthespecial-interestnews

barriers.Theirstorieswereignoredunlesstherewasa

sensationaloruniqueelement.Usually,though,items

concerningtheseminoritiesrequiredanenormouswrongdoing,

suchasthemurderofsomeoneinthewhitecommunityorsome

attackonthestatusquothatthreatenedthepeaceandquiet,

aswellastheproductivity,ofaneighborhood.

Therehavebeensplendidexceptions,butnotmany.Onereason

theHispanicnewsmediahasbeensosuccessfulisthatitcaters

toitsaudienceinthesamemannerallmediadoes.Whileits

biasmayseemdifferent,itactuallyisthesamebiasallmedia

has:anoverwhelmingconcerntokeepitssupportershappy.So,

whilethehueandcryoverPR-createdvideonewsreleasesare

wel1andgood,theyreallydonotattacktheproblemofbiased

news,andappealstoaspecificgroupthatsharesthesame

prejudicesandconcernsaboutthepresentandfuture.

AllofthisisonekeyreasonAmericanssooftenaresurprised

whenthenewsoutletsareforcedtoreportstoriesthatdonot

pleaseadvertisersorconsumers.Bettertocontinue,when

possible,asteadysupplyofnewsaboutthelatestcelebrity

babyoryetanotherpieceaboutsexoffendersorrestaurant

healthviolations.

TelevisionstationsintheU.S.areNOTallowedtobroadcast

programsof

A.advertisementvideosthatcanbeeasilyrecognizedby

audienceaspromotions.

B.reportsoncrimescommittedbycoloredpeople.

C.newsreleasestohelpwiththeproductdistributionofits

sponsor.

D.storiesonsuccessesofminorities.

2、

Bydescribingthepublicrelationscompaniesthatproducenews

videos,theauthorintendsto

A.makethemseemlikestoriesthatarereliableand

convincible.

B.disguisetheirpropagandaintheappearanceofnewsreport.

C.reflectthephenomenaofnewsforspecialinterestgroups.

D.introduceanewpolicyoftheFederalCommunications

Commission.

3、

Itismostpossibleforasupporterofanewspapertobe

reportedfor

A.hisoffendingofunimportantrulesandregulations.

B.thehealthviolationofarestaurantheldbyhisgroup.

C.asexualscandalwhichheinvolvesin.

D.thelaunchofanewinventioninhiscompany.

4、

Accordingtothetext,theHispanicnewsmediaaresuccessful

because

A.theymeettheinterestsofSpanishAmerica.

B.theyreportthecurrentwrongdoingsofminorities.

C.theyhelpkeeptheproductivityofthesocietyofwhite

people.

D.theyfocusonthesamenewsasothernewsmediado.

5、

Fromthetextwecanconcludethatnewsmediathatrelease

biasednewsreportswouldprobably

A.bepunishedbyalargesumoffine.

B.losetherighttooperateforaperiod.

C.beforcedtoreportnewsthatdonotpleaseadvertisersand

consumers.

D.havenopunishmentatall.

6、PresidentBushhasonceagainstartedspeakingoutfor

comprehensiveimmigrationreform,andadraftplantorally

Republicansenatorsontheissueiscirculatingjustas

Congressionalhearingsontheissueapproach.Membersof

Congressrecognizethatvotersarelookingforrealreform,

thatrestsonresolute,effectiveenforcementofour

immigrationlaws.

Theonlyseriouslegislativeproposalonthetableofferssuch

enforcement,becauseitfocusesonmakingemployers

accountablefortheirhiringpractices.Tothatend,thebill

incorporateslessonslearnedfromthelargestimmigration

enforcementoperationeverundertaken.LastDecember,

DepartmentofHomelandSecurityagentsdescendedonmeat

processingplantsrunbySwirlCompanyinsixstates,

arrestingmorethan1,200unauthorizedworkers.

ThearrestswereastonishingbecauseSwiftparticipatesin

BasicPilot,avoluntaryDepartmentofHomelandSecurity

programthatallowsemployerstoelectronicallyverifythework

eligibilityofnewlyhiredworkersagainstdepartmentand

SocialSecuritydatabases.Theprogramisseenastheprecursor

foraverificationsystemthatwouldbecomemandatorywith

comprehensiveimmigrationreform.SinceSwirlwasusingthe

department'ssystem,howdiditendupwithillegalworkers?

TheBasicPilotprogramhasafatalflaw,whichisthatit

requiresonlyelectronicverificationofemployment

qualification.Aneffectiveprogramshouldalsoinsiston

tamper-proofidentificationdocumentsforjob-seekers,

incorporatingbiometricslikedigitalphotographsand

fingerprintstoproveidentity.Onlythenwoulditbepossible

toestablishnotonlythatjobapplicantsareauthorizedtowork,

butalsothattheyarewhotheysaytheyare.Otherwise,valid

SocialSecuritynumberscanbepresentedtoemployers,and

BasicPilotwillverifythem,butthenumbersmaynotbelong

totheworkerswhopresentthem.

Toinsistonsecuredocumentswithbiometricidentifiersisnot

acallforanationalID.Greencards,temporaryworkpermits

andpassportsaresecureandreliableforhiringpurposes.

AddingSocialSecuritycardstothislist,establishinga

singlestandardfortheirsecurityfeatures,andreplacingold

cardsoveradesignatedperiodwouldresolvetheproblemona

nationalscale.

Onlythenwouldemployersbeabletocomplyreliablywith

verificationrequirementsasthebasisforsoundenforcement

and,byextension,bordercontrol.Legalimmigrantsand

Americancitizenscouldprovetheiridentitiesand

qualificationstoworkwithoutfacingdiscriminationbasedon

appearanceorlanguage.Scarceenforcementresourcescouldbe

spentonapprehendingrealcriminalsandaddressingnational

securitythreats.Andanewsystemofenforcementwouldatlast

haveachancetowinbackpublicconfidenceinthenation，s

immigrationpolicies.Aftermorethan20yearsoffailed

efforts,Congressmustnotbakehalfaloaf.Securebiometric

SocialSecuritycardsareanessentialingredientinany

comprehensiveimmigrationreform.

ThecaseofSwirlunauthorizedworkerswascausedpossibly

because

A.thecompanyhasnoidentityverificationmeasuresontheir

workers.

B.theemployersofthecompanyarenotaccountablefortheir

employmentpractices.

C.thelackofbiometricidentifierinitsidentity

verificationsystem.

D.itmeanttobreakthelegislationproposalonimmigration

problems.

7、

Accordingtothetext,theBasicPilotprogramcanonlybe

fullyeffectiveunless

A.moreelectronicregistrationinformationisneededfor

job-seekers.

B.workerscanbeprovedtohavealegalnationalID.

C.indicatorssuchasfingerprintsareincorporatedwithin

identitycards.

D.strictverificationisundertakenonvalidationsof

numbersprovidedbyworkers.

8、

ItcanNOTbefoundfromthetextthat

A.theUSGovernmentisrethinkingonfeasiblemethodsto

solvetheproblemofimmigration.

B.thearrestofSwiftCompanyisthelargestimmigration

operationintheUS.

C.participatorsoftheBasicPilotprogramarecompelledto

takepartinit.

D.theUSCongresshasmadealotofunsuccessfuleffortson

immigrationforover2decades.

9、

Intheauthor,sopinion,whichofthefollowingisthebest

wayforaUScitizentobejudged?

A.theprovisionofcardswithvalidelectronicnumbers.

B.hiscolorofskinoraccentofhisspokenEnglish.

C.asystemwithabundantenforcementresourcestoidentify

everyone.

D.unchangeablefeatureswhichcanbeincorporatedintoan

intelligentcard.

10、

Whichofthefollowingcannotbeledbyaneffective

comprehensiveimmigrationreform?

A.theprotectionofopportunitiesforlegalimmigrantsinthe

US.

B.securityproblemssuchascriminalsandnationalsecurity

threats.

C.newbiometriccardstoreplaceolderonestoensure

security.

D.thereturnofpublicconfidenceinimmigrationpolicies.

11、Eventheirparentsstruggletodrawthetiniesthintof

emotionorsocialconnectionfromautistic（患III独症的）

children,soimaginewhathappenswhenastrangersitswiththe

childforhourstogetthroughthestandardIQtest.For10of

thetest's12sections,thechildmustlistenandrespondto

spokenquestions.Sinceformanyautisticsitistorturetotry

toengagewithsomeoneevenonthisimpersonallevel,it'sno

wondersomanywindupwithIQscoresjustaboveacarrot*s.

Moreprecisely,fullythreequartersofautisticsare

classifiedashavingbelow-normalintelligence,withmany

deemedmentallyretarded.

ResearchershavetriedadifferentIQtest,onethatrequires

nosocialinteraction.Astheyreportinthejournal

PsychologicalScience,autisticchildren，sscorescameout

starklydifferentthanontheoral,interactiveIQ

test一suggestingaburningintelligenceinsidethesekidsthat

educatorsarefailingtouncover.

Forthestudy,childrentooktwoIQtests.Inthemorewidely

usedWechsler,theytriedtoarrangeandcompletepictures,do

simplearithmetic,demonstratevocabularycomprehensionand

answerquestions—almostallinresponsetoastranger's

questions.IntheRaven，sProgressiveMatricestest,theygot

briefinstructions,thenwentoffontheirowntoanalyze

three-by-threearraysofgeometricdesigns,withonemissing,

andchoosethedesignthatbelongedintheemptyplace.The

disparityinscoreswasstriking.Overall,theautisticsscored

aroundthe30thpercentileontheWechsler,whichcorresponds

to"lowaverage"IQ.Buttheyaveragedinthe56thpercentile

ontheRaven，s.notasingleautisticchildscoredinthe”high

intelligence，/rangeontheWechsler;ontheRaven，s,onethird

did.Healthychildrenshowednosuchdisparity.

Thatpresentsapuzzle.Ifmanyautisticsaremoreintelligent

thananIQtestshows,whyhaven'ttheirparentsnoticed?Partly

becausemanyparentswelcomealowscore,whichbringstheir

childmorespecialservicesfromschoolsandpublicagencies.

Butanotherforceisatwork."Weoftenthinkofintelligence

aswhatyoucanshow,suchasbyspeakingfluently”,saysa

psychologist."Parentsaswellasprofessionalsmightbebiased

tolookatthat"ratherthandigforthehiddenintellectual

spark.

Thechallengeistocoaxthatsparkintothekindof

intelligencethatmanifestsitselfinpractice.Thatis

somethingautismresearchersarefarfromdoing.Manyexperts

dismissautistics'exceptionalreading,artisticorother

abilitiesassideeffectsofabnormalbrainfunction.They

adviseparentstosteertheirchildawayfromwhatheexcels

atandobsessesover,andtowardwhathestruggleswith.It

makesyouwonderhowmanyotherchildren,whoseintellectual

potentialwe'retooblindtosee,we'vealsogivenupon.

AutisticchildrenalwaysgetlowerscoresinIQteststhan

otherchildrenbecause

A.theyareretardedduetolackofcommunication.

B.thetestmethodsrequiretoomayinteractions.

C.theirintelligencelevelislowerthanotherchildren.

D.theycannotunderstandtheinstructionsofstrangers.

12、

ThenewtypeofIQtesttakenbyresearchersisonethat

A.isdesignedsolelyforautisticchildren.

B.requiresthechildrentorespondtoquestions.

C.ismorewidelyusedintoday'ssociety.

D.asksthechildrentofindlogicalrelationshipsamong

patterns.

13、

Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhyparentsareunable

tofindthehiddenintelligenceintheirautisticchildren?

A.Theywanttheirchildrentohavealowintelligencelevel

togetsomebenefits.

B.ThelowerIQtestscorescanbringtotheirchildrenmore

specialservices.

C.Thesocialrecognitionofintelligencemainlyreliesonthe

abilityofexpression.

D.Someexpertsalwaysconsiderthehiddenintelligenceas

abnormalfunctions.

14、

Theauthorindicatesthatautismresearchersshouldnotfocus

on______

A.tryingtouseIQtestmethodswhicharesuitablefor

autisticchildrentogetreasonablescores.

B.askingtheparentsofautisticchildrentofindabilities

suchasreadingintheirchildren.

C.findingwaystoteachautistictocommunicateandengage

withstrangers.

D.encouragingautisticchildrentomakeuseoftheirown

intelligenceinpractice.

15、

Whichofthefollowingconflictswithwhatthetextconveys?

A.Childrenwithhiddenintelligenceareeasilyconsideredas

lowIQbyadults.

B.ThecurrentprevailingIQtestmethodspaymuchattention

toverbalintelligence.

C.Autisticchildrenareinfactmoreintelligentthannormal

children.

D.Parentsshouldtrytofindthepotentialoftheirchildren

andmakeitintopractice.

16、Ananalysisofworkplacetrendsshowsthatemployeeperks,

areliableindicatorofjobmarketstrength,arebeginningto

makeacomeback.WhilenotasExtravagantasthoseofferedin

thelate1990s,companiesclearlyareshiftingtheirfocusfrom

workforcereductiontoworkforceretention.Firmsrealizethat

theyrequireafoundationofexperienced,trained,and

motivatedworkers.Theseemployersareimprovingand/oradding

perkstopreventanexodusofworkersthatcouldoccurasthe

economycontinuesimproving.Theyalsomaybelookingfurther

downtheroadwhenseverelaborshortagesareexpectedtoreturn.

Ananalysisofperksofferedintoday'sworkplaceshowsthat

manyofthe1990s-style.benefits,suchasgameroomsandluxury

carleases,havebeenabandoned.Theperksthatremainpopular

withemployersandemployeesarethosethathelpworkersstay

healthy,careerfocused,andfinanciallystable.Perhapsthe

mostappreciatedarethosethathelpindividualsmaintain

work-lifebalance.

Work-lifebalanceisjustonepartofthegrowingconcern

companieshaveabouttheoverallemotionalandphysicalhealth

oftheirworkers.Employeeswhoarestressedoutordepressed

becausetheydonotfeelasiftheyaregivingenoughattention

tothenonworkaspectsoftheirlivesultimatelyare

unproductive.Moreandmorecompaniesalsoarelearningthat

workersdesiretheopportunitytogrowprofessionallyinthe

workplace.HewlettPackard,forinstance,hasboostedits

employeeeducationanddevelopmentbudgetby20%.

NationwideInsurance,basedinColumbus,Ohio,establisheda

career-p1anningwebsitein2022.Thesiteprovidesinformation

oncompanyjobopportunities,careerdevelopment,andan

in-housementoringprogram.Nationwidealsoishelpingto

educateitsemployeesinfinancialmatters,acknowledgingthat

workersdistractedbysuchissuesonthejobarenotgiving

theirfullattentiontothecompany'spriorities.Itisadding

classesandseminarsonpersonalfinanceissuesand401(k)

investments.

Sometimesperkssimplyareaboutkeepingemployeemorale

elevated.Knowingthatanimprovingeconomymightpromptvalued

employeestoseeknewopportunities,theownerofTicketcity,

comhaslavishedhisbestperformerswithticketstotheMasters

golftournament(锦标赛)，accesstocountryclubs,and

invitationstoamanagementretreatinSedona,Ariz.

Moreover,evencompaniesthatcannotaffordtoinstitutecostly

perkscanfindwaystomakesurecurrentemployeesarehappy.

DougDorman,vicepresidentofhumanresourcesforthe

Greenville(S.C.)HospitalSystemexplainsthatthereisa

definitesenseofurgencywhenitcomestoemployeeretention,

knowingthatlaborshortagesarereturning.Dormannotes,

however,thattheyhavenotfocusedonperks,“butratheron

creatingacultureofrecognitionandappreciation.Employees

staywhentheyhavegoodtwo-waycommunicationwithmanagement

andaretrulyappreciatedandrecognizedfortheir

contributions”.

Theword“perks”(Line1,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

A.apaymentorprofitreceivedinadditiontoaregularwage

orsalary.

B.releaseofentertainmentfacilitiessuchasgameroomsor

luxurycars.

C.thebalancebetweentheworkandbalanceofemployees.

D.theopportunitiestoimproveone'sexpertiseinhiswork.

17、

Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhycompanieshave

beguntoshifttheirattentionontheretentionofworkforce?

A.theconstantimprovementofeconomyintheUS.

B.thedemandofexperiencedandwell-trainedemployees.

C.thedemonstrationofitsmarketstrengthindicator.

D.thepossiblelackofworkforceinthenearfuture.

18、

Whichofthefollowingperksisout-of-datetoday?

A.aworkshopontherecentstockmarket.

B.anexpensivecarroomthatcanbeusedatarelativelylow

rent.

C.avacationtoabeautifulscenicspotforrelaxation.

D.atrainingontheexpertisewhichmayleadtopromotionin

career.

19、

Accordingtothetext,thereturnofperksismostlybecause

A.improveprofessionalskillsofemployees.

B.elevatethemoraleoftheworkforce.

C.achievethebalancebetweenworkandlife.

D.keepqualifiedworkersstayinthecompany.

20、

Itcanbeinferredthatacompanywhichcannotaffordexpensive

perksshould

A.understandtheurgencyofworkforceshortage.

B.focusonperksthatarelesscostly.

C.recognizetheimportanceofitsemployees.

D.promotecommunicationswithrelatedfirms.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutthe

problemofstaffrecruitmentofmostcompanies.Choosea

headingfromthelistA—Fthatbestfitsthemeaningofeach

numberedpartofthetext(41一45).Thefirstandlast

paragraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereareoneextra

headingthatyoudonotneedtouse.(10points)

Thedifficultyofholdingontogood,experiencedstaffhas

alwaysbeenamajorissuewiththemajorityofcompanies.High

staffturnovercanresultinmanyproblems.Oneofthemost

seriousoftheseisthecostofcontinuallyhavingtofindand

trainreplacements.

Mostcompanieshopetorecruittherighttypeofpersoninthe

firstplace.However,toomuchemphasisonqualificationsand

notenoughonpersonalityoftenleadstoacompanyattracting

therightstandard,butnottherightkind,ofperson.Selection

testscanbeusedtoindicateacandidate'ssuitabilityforthe

jobtheyareapplyingfor.Theycanalsobeusedtoidentify

existingstaffwhoaresuitablebutwho,initially,maynothave

beenconsidered.

(42).

Itisimportantforcompaniestounderstandwhyemployeesmove

ontoanotheremployer.Thereasonsforstaffresigningandthe

benefitsofferedbytheirnewemployermustberecorded.They

canbethekeytoidentifyinganyproblemareasthatmightexist

withinanorganization.Itisessential,therefore,that

employeeswhoareabouttodisappearareinterviewedbefore

theydepart,inordertodiscoverwhytheyareleaving.

(4