Welcome+Unit+单元语法总结讲义 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

2023人教版新课标英语必修一WelcomeUnit单元语法总结英语基本句型英语基本句型【句型1】SV:主语+谓语（不及物动词）{注意}不及物动词后不能接宾语。但一些不及物动词+介词即可接宾语。【例句】Thesunrisesintheeast.Samislisteningtotheradio.【句型2】SVO:主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语{注意}及物动词可接宾语，宾语可以是名词/代词/不定式/动名词（动词-ing形式）（短语）/从句。【例句】Hestoppedrunning.Iwanttobeateacher.Hesentheranemail.Ihopethathewillcometomybirthdayparty.【句型3】SP:主语+系动词+表语{注意}系动词后接表语，说明主语的情况/状态。表语可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/从句。此外，系动词还有：look/smell/sound/taste/feel/keep/grow/go/get/turn/become。【例句】Mymotherisanactress.Sheisnice.Hegrowsstrongerandstronger.Thecheesetastesgood.【句型4】SVIODO:主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接引语+直接引语{归纳}直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象；间接宾语是该动词所向/所为的人/物，通常是名词/代词；通常，间接宾语位于直接宾语前，但为强调，间接宾语可在直接宾语后，此时需要间接宾语前+to/for。（1）v.+直接宾语+to+间接宾语，此类动词有：hand,give,send,pass,tell,bring等；（2）v.+直接宾语+for+间接宾语，此类动词有：buy,make,get,cook,prepare,sing等；{特殊句式}主语+及物动词+间接宾语+疑问词+不定式【例句】Mumboughtmeanewdress.=Mumboughtanewdressforme.MymumtaughtmehowtorememberEnglishwordseffectively.【句型5】SVOC:主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语{归纳}宾语补足语起到补充说明作用，由名词/形容词/副词/不定式/动名词/介词短语/动词过去分词等充当；形容词作补语：Myfatherpaintedthedoorpurple.名词作补语：WecalledtheboySam.不定式作补语：Mymumtoldmenottobelateforschool.V-ing（动名词）作补语：Iheardthebirdsinginginthetree.V-ed（动词过去分词）作补语：Hermotherdidn’tnoticethevasebroken.副词作补语：MyEnglishteacheraskedmein.介词短语作宾补：Hefoundhimselfbehindonthetopofthemountain.{辨析}复合宾语中的宾语与其补足语间有逻辑地主谓/动宾关系；双宾语中没有。【例句】复合宾语：TheycallmeLinda.双宾语：Myfatherboughtmeanewdress.【句型6】SVA:主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语{归纳}此结构中地状语用来修饰动词/短语/句子。状语可以是：副词/介词短语/名词/形容词/非谓语动词/从句等；副词作状语：Thislittlegirlrunsveryfast.介词短语作状语：Ittookusabouttwentyminutestogetthere.不定式短语作状语：IwenttoHarbintoseemybestfriend.名词短语作状语：Hewillcomebacknextmonth.从句作状语：Myfriendwillcometoseemewhenheisfree.(2)状语可表示时间/地点/程度/方式/原因/结果/目的/条件/让步/比较/伴随等。※（地点）Thebirdissinginginthetree.※（时间）ItsnowedheavilyinHarbinlastnight.※（条件）I’llcomewithyouifyoupromisenottobelateforourdateagain.※（原因）Shewon’tcometothepartybecauseshehastoomuchhouseworktodo.{注意}（1）状语修饰动词，谓语动词后：Shestoppedsuddenly.状语可修饰整个句子，位于句首，逗号隔开，表示说话人对句子内容看法/态度/评价等:Honestly,Ithinkhisperformancetonightisfantastic.【句型7】SVOA:主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+状语【例句】We’regoingtoShanghaibyplaneatfiveo’clock.Maybewecansolvetheprobleminanotherway.Ourstudentsstudyveryhardtoenrichtheirknowledge.【句型8】Therebe句型{归纳}（1）Therebe+主语（人/物）+其他.意为“（客观上）存在，有某人/物；谓语动词遵循”就近一致“原则；有不同时态，可与各种动词和情态动词连用；其中地be还可用stand/appear/happen等动词代替；【例句】Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Thereisacomputeronmydesk.Therearethreeapplesandaneggonthetable.Therewillbeasportmeetingnextweek.【拓展】Therebe其他常用句型：Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.（某人）没必要做某事Thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问……Therebe+n.+todo有某事要做Thereisnochance/possibilitytodosth.没有机会/可能做某事Thereisnosense/use/good/point(in)doingsth.做某事没有道理/用/好处/意义Therebesb.doingsth.某人正在做某事Thereisnothingtobeafraidof没什么可怕的【例句】Thereisnoneedforyoutoworryaboutit.Thereisnodoubtthatheisagoodstudent.Thereismuchhouseworktodoinmyhouse.Thereisnochancetoapologizetohiminperson.