培根筑基14课下全面练必修三Unit3

必修第三册Unit3DiverseCulturesⅠ.阅读理解A[2021·郑州模拟]Wouldyougotowarforyourcountry?Millionsofpeopledo.Butoccasionally,somerefusetofight.They'reknownasconscientiousobjectors(拒服兵役者).OneofthemostfamousfromtheUSAisMuhammadAli.MuhammadAliwasaprofessionalboxerandoneofthemostoutstandingsportsfiguresofthe20thcentury.Hewasbornon17thJanuary1942inLouisville(Kentucky)andbegantrainingasanamateurboxerwhenhewas12yearsold.Attheageof18,hewonagoldmedalinthelightheavy­weightdivisionatthe1960SummerOlympicsinRome.Heturnedprofessionallaterthatyear.Attheageof22,hebecametheworldheavyweightchampion.In1965,heconvertedtoIslam(伊斯兰教)andofficiallychangedhisnametoMuhammadAi.Shortlyafter,hewascalledupformilitaryservicetofightintheVietnamWar.Hewasfirmlyagainsttheidea.“Myenemyisthewhitepeople,nottheVietCong(越共)，〞heexplained.“YoumayopposewhenIwantfreedom.YoumayopposewhenIwantjustice.YoumayopposewhenIwantequality…Youwantmetogosomewhereandfight,butyouwon'tevenstandupformehereathome？〞Afterrefusingto_enlist_duringasign­upceremonyinApril1967,Muhammadwasarrested.Hewasfoundguiltyofdraftevasion,anddeprivedofhisboxingtitles.Asaresult,hedidn'tfightfromMarch1967toOctober1970.Helaterbecameasymboloftheanti­warmovementandracialinjustice.In1971,hisconvictionwasoverturnedbytheUSSupremeCourt.MuhammadAlidiedon3rdJune2021.1．WhenwasAliawardedtheworldheavyweightchampion?A．In1960.B．In1965.C．In1964.D．In1967.2．FromwhatAlisaid,wecaninferthat________.A．HefeltuncomfortableathomeB．HewasafraidoffightinginthewarC．HechangedhisnamebecauseofthewarD．Hedidn'tgettreatedfairlybecauseofhiscolor3．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“enlist〞?A．Accepttheinvitation.B．Jointhearmy.C．Takeupboxing.D．Attendthemeeting.4．WhydidAlistopboxingfrom1967to1970?A．Hewasn'tallowedtobox.B．Hewastooweaktobox.C．Heservedinthearmy.D．Hewantedtohaveabreak.B[2021·上海模拟]ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家)GUIDEDBYlaserimagesofaremoteregionofnorthernGuatemalahavediscovered20­foot­highwalls,watchtowers,andotherevidencethatancientMayasocietieshadbeenannoyedbywarfarethreatovermanyyears.Thefindshaveupendedlong­establishedimpressionsofacivilizationthatittamedthejungleandbuiltthrivingcities，thendeclinedanddisappearedquietlybeneaththedensetropicalforest.AmongthemostsurprisingdiscoverieswasalargestonecomplexnowcalledLaCuemavilla.Builtonasteepridge,theheavilyfortifiedsiteincludedhighwalls.Moatswhichservesasthelargestdefensivesystemeverdiscoveredintheregion.Thiswassurprisingsaysanarchaeologist,“becausewehadatendencytoromanticizeMayawarfareassomethingthatwaslargelyritualized.Butthefortificationswereseeingsuggestanelevatedlevelofantagonismovercenturies.Rulersweresodeeplyalarmedthattheyfelttheneedtoinvestinallthesehilltopfortifications.Thereisanalmostvisiblesenseoffearinthislandscape.〞AllthesefindingsowecredittoPACUNAMLIDARInitiative,alasersurveyofsome800squaremilesoftheMayaBiosphereReserveinnorthernGuatemala.UsingrevolutionaryLasertechnology,thesurveyrevealedthelong­hiddenruinsofasprawlingpre­ColumbiancivilizationthatwasfarmorecomplexandinterconnectedthanmostMayaspecialistshadsupposed.GuidedbythenewLasertreasuremaps,theLIDARteamdeployedthroughthejungleoverthepastyeartoconducthands­oninvestigationsofmorethanadozenofthemostpromisingsites,mostofwhichwouldhavebeenimperceptiblewithoutLIDAR.“Youcouldwalkoverthetopofamajorruinandmissit,〞saysanarchaeologistwho'spartofthePACUNAproject.ButLIDARpicksupthepatternsandmakesthefeaturespopoutwithsurprisingclarity.Three­dimensionalmapsgeneratedbythesurveyyieldedsurprisesevenatTikal,thelargestandmostextensivelyexploredarchaeologicalsiteinGuatemala.Theancientcitywasatleastfourtimesbiggerthanpreviouslythought,andsurroundedbyamassiveditchandfortifiedbasestretchingformiles.ArchaeologistsstressthatLIDAR,forallitsutility,willneverseebelowthegroundoryielddirectdatesofoccupation.Westillneedtodigandhackourwaythroughthejungle,butnowwehaveaveryaccuratemaptoguideus.5．HowdidpeoplethinkofMayabeforethediscoveryofthedefenseruins?A．Itwasthemostadvancedcivilizationinthehistoryofmankind.B．Itwaslongunderthethreatoflarge­scalewars.C．Itsriseanddeclinewereunderwaypeacefully.D．Itwasfinallydestroyedbyalarge­scalewar.6．Theunderlinedwordantagonismisclosestinmeaningto________.A．miseryB．revolutionC．populationdecreaseD．opposition7．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．ThemilitarymechanismfoundinLaCuemavillawasintendedforoccupyingmorelands.B．Thenewlasertechnologywasmainlyusedtoenlargetheoriginalsitesize.C．TheLIDARhelpstoavoidthetraditionaldiggingtaskinsiteexploration.D．TheTikalsitewasfoundtobeprotectedbycertaindefenseworks.8．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．people'slong­timemisunderstandingofMayacivilizationB．discoveryofMayamilitaryworksaidedbynewexploretechnologyC．thefindingofabigwarfareresultinginthedisappearanceofMayacivilizationD．ThevariousadvantagesofnewtechnologiesinthefieldofarchaeologyⅡ.完形填空[2021·青岛模拟]Mostofusgothroughsomehardshipsinlife.Butfewthingsmatchthe__1__broughtuponpeoplebythegenocide(种族灭绝)ofJewsduringWorldWarIIandit'sstill__2__peoplenowadays.Luckily,today'sstoryhasahappy__3__fortwomenandtheirfamilies.Thetwocousins__4__gottomeetafterbeingseparated75yearsagoduringtheholocaust(大屠杀)．MorrisandSimonwerebestfriendsaskids__5__theNazisinvadedtheircountryRomaniain1940.However,theirfamilieslost__6__astheydidn'tfleethecountrytogether.Bothgrewupbelievingtheotherdied.Untilsometimeagotheirchildren__7__thetwofamiliesonFacebook.Morris'niececameacrossSimon'sdaughterwhile__8__forrelativesonlineonlytofindoutthatSimonis__9__intheUK.MorrissettlesinIsrael.Ittooksometimebuttheyorganizeda__10__forthetwolong­lostmeninTelAviv,Israel.Someonerecordedavideoofthisemotionalmeetingand__11__itonline,leavingpeopleallovertheworld__12__.__13__thefactthatbothmenareintheir80s,theyplantokeepintouchandseeeachotheroften,reconstructingthebeautiful__14__theyhadaschildren.Anditwillsurelynot__15__withtime.1．A.gainsB．embarrassmentC．sufferingsD．hope2．A.encouragingB．reachingC．leadingD．affecting3．A.endingB．plotC．backgroundD．design4．A.hurriedlyB．eventuallyC．suddenlyD．unwillingly5．A.sinceB．beforeC．butD．though6．A.contactB．relationC．newsD．approach7．A.foundB．respondedC．calledD．reconnected8．A.searchingB．askingC．hopingD．waiting9．A.happyB．sociableC．aliveD．safe10．A.partyB．dinnerC．reunionD．travel11．A.mailedB．sharedC．donatedD．supplied12．A.insilenceB．indoubtC．inpanicD．intears13．A.DespiteB．BeyondC．ThoughD．Incaseof14．A.wishesB．understandingC．friendshipD．ideas15．A.passB．comeC．showD．declineⅢ.语法填空[2021·临沂模拟]China'sLiangzhuArchaeologicalSite1.________(declare)onthelistofWorldHeritagesitesonSaturdaybyUNESCO'sWorldHeritageCommitteeduringits43rdsessioninBaku,thecapitalofAzerbaijan.Thesite,2.________islocatedinYuhangDistrictinHangzhouCityinChina'seasternZhejiangProvince,showcasesthecivilizationofprehistoricriceagriculturebetween3,300B．C.3.________2,300B．C.TheruinsofancientLiangzhucitywerediscoveredin2007,andthenlargedamsites4.________(surround)theLiangzhuancientcitywereunearthedcontinuouslyafter2021.Itwas5.________(official)submittedtoUNESCOin2021,hopingtowin6.________(recognize)asaWorldCulturalHeritageSite.Thesite7.________(include)archaeologicalremainsandunearthedculturalrelicsoftheLiangzhuAncientCityaswellasawetlandthatcovers8.________areaof908.89hectaresinaplainrivernetwork.ItisalsofoundthattheLiangzhuancestorsstartedtousecharactersabout5,000yearsago,1,000years9.________(early)thanpreviouslythought,accordingtoColinRenfrew,aretiredprofessorofarchaeologyattheUniversityofCambridge.TheWorldHeritageCommitteeaddedLiangzhutotheUNESCOlist10.________(encourage)betterprotectionofthesite,consideredtobeof“outstandinguniversalvalue〞tohumanity.详解答案必修第三册Unit3DiverseCulturesⅠ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要表达美国最有名的拳王穆罕默德·阿里拒服兵役的故事。1．答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据文章第二段Hewasbornon17thJanuary1942inLouisville(Kentucky)和Attheageof22,hebecametheworldheavyweightchampion.阿里出生于1942年，22岁时成为世界重量级冠军。可知，阿里成为世界重量级冠军是在1964年。应选C。2．答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Myenemyisthewhitepeople,nottheVietCong(越共)，〞heexplained.可知，阿里认为，他的敌人是白人，而不是越共。从而可以推断出，因为他的肤色，他没有得到公平的对待。应选D。3．答案与解析：B词义猜想题。根据上文中Shortlyafter,hewascalledupformilitaryservicetofightintheVietnamWar.Hewasfirmlyagainsttheidea.他被征召入伍参加越南战争。他坚决反对这个想法，和下文中Hewasfoundguiltyofdraftevasion,anddeprivedofhisboxingtitles.他被判逃避兵役，可以猜想出，这里为“穆罕默德拒绝入伍，随后被逮捕。〞之意。应选B。4．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Hewasfoundguiltyofdraftevasion,anddeprivedofhisboxingtitles.Asaresult,hedidn'tfightfromMarch1967toOctober1970.他被判逃避兵役，并被剥夺了拳击冠军，可知从1967年3月到1970年10月，不允许他打拳击。应选A。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要讲了在新科技的帮助下发现了玛雅军工厂。5．答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据文章第一段Thefindshaveupendedlong­establishedimpressions...beneaththedensetropicalforest.可知，发现颠覆了长久以来人们对文明的印象。文明曾驯服丛林，建设繁荣的城市，然后衰落，静静地消失在茂密的热带森林之下。从而可以推断出，在发现防御遗址之前，人们都认为玛雅的崛起和衰落都是和平进行的。应选C。6．答案与解析：D词义猜想题。根据文章第三段Thiswassurprisingsaysanarchaeologist,“becausewehadatendencytoromanticizeMayawarfareassomethingthatwaslargelyritualized.考古学家一直倾向于把玛雅战争浪漫化，认为它在很大程度上是仪式化的，及转折词but提示，可知，这些防御工事说明，几个世纪以来双方的对抗程度有所上升。从而猜想出antagonism在文中是“对抗；敌对〞的意思。应选D。7．答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Three­dimensionalmapsgeneratedbythesurveyyielded...fortifiedbasestretchingformiles.可知，蒂卡尔遗址被一条巨大的壕沟和绵延数英里的防御基地所包围，受其保护。应选D。8．答案与解析：B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家)GUIDEDBYlaserimagesofaremoteregionofnorthernGuatemala...beneaththedensetropicalforest.及其全文可知，本文主要讲了在新科技的帮助下发现玛雅军工厂。应选B。Ⅱ.完形填空【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个老人在75年后再续从前的友谊。因为纳粹的入侵Morris和Simon这两个儿时的好朋友，被迫离开家园，从此别离，再也没有联系，而且都以为对方已经过世。一次偶然的时机，他们的下一代得知他们都还活着，所以在以色列让他们重聚。两位老人虽然已经80来岁，但决定以后都要保持联系，并且经常见面。1．答案与解析：“苦难〞符合语境，hardship和suffering是同义词复现，应选C。2．答案与解析：D考查动词词义辨析。结合常识可知，纳粹给犹太人带来的苦难，影响了他们几代人，encouraging鼓励；reaching到达；leading通向；affecting影响。应选D。3．答案与解析：A考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的Thetwocousins__4__gottomeetafterbeingseparated75yearsagoduringtheholocaust(大屠杀)．可知两兄弟在75年后见面了，这是个幸福的结局，ending结局；plot情节；background背景；design设计。应选A。4．答案与解析：B考查副词词义辨析。根据下文的afterbeingseparated75yearsagoduringtheholocaust(大屠杀)．可知此处用“最终〞符合语境，hurriedly匆忙地；eventually最终；suddenly突然；unwillingly不乐意地。应选B。5．答案与解析：B考查连词词义辨析。根据下文theydidn'tfleethecountrytogether.可知他们后来分开了，所以此处讲述的纳粹入侵之前的事情，应选B。6．答案与解析：A考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的theydidn'tfleethecountrytogether可知此处用“失去联系〞符合语境，contact联系；relation关系；news新闻；approach方法，途径。应选A。7．答案与解析：D考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的theyplantokeepintouchandseeeachotheroften可知两个老人取得了联系，由此推测，他们的孩子使两个家庭重新联系上了，found发现；responded答复；called打；reconnected重新联系。应选D。8．答案与解析：A考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的Facebook和下文的online可知此处用“搜索〞符合语境，应选A。9．答案与解析：“活着的〞符合语境，die和alive是反义词比照，应选C。10．答案与解析：C考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的thetwolong­lostmen可知此处用“重聚〞符合语境，reunion重聚。应选C。11．答案与解析：B考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的itonline可知，此处是指把视频分享到了网上，mailed邮寄；shared分享；donated捐赠；supplied提供。应选B。12．答案与解析：D考查介词短语辨析。结合上下文可知，此处是指两个老人75年后重聚的场面让人们流下了冲动的泪水。insilence安