美国特许经营法

U.S.FranchiseLaw美国特许经营法

ORIGIN

OF

FRANCHISE

LAW

特许经营法的起源Prohibitionoftheuseofcollectiveeconomicpower

禁止使用集体经济实力Exerciseofcollectivepoliticalpower

行使集体政治权力Educationoflegislators

立法者的教育Organizationalstructureofdealerassocations

经销商协会的组织结构‘Grassroots’involvement

“草根”参与CURRENT

STATUS

OF

FRANCHISE

LAW

特许经营法的现状Operateatstatelevel

在州一级的运作All50stateshavesomeform

50个州均有某种形式Aimedatunfairmanufacturerbehavior

针对制造厂商的不公平行为Earlyfocus

早期的关注点Unjustifiedterminations

不合理的终止Morerecentprovisions

最新的条款Warrantyreimbursements保证报销Relevantmarketareas

相关市场领域Auditing审计DEALER/MANUFACTURERPAINPOINTS

经销商/制造厂商的痛点Inappropriateattemptsbymanufacturerstoexercisecontroloverdealers

制造厂商想要控制经销商的不恰当意图Keyexamples:

重点案例：Facilityimageprograms/ROI?设备形象管理/投资回报率？Unfair‘Stair-step’incentiveprograms

不公平的“阶梯”激励计划Dataissues

数据问题KEYPROVISIONSOFEFFECTIVEFRANCHISELAW

有效特许经营法的关键条款ExistingRelationship现有关系Termination终止SellingofDealership经销权的出售DealershipSold经销商授权Prohibitpricediscrimination禁止价格歧视60daynoticepriortotermination提前60天提示终止SuccessionPlanning继任计划NewVehicleRepurchase新车回购ProhibitOEMowneddealerships禁止原始设备制造商所有的经销权Appealprocessfortermination终止的上诉程序RightofFirstRefusal优先取舍权PartsRepurchase零件回购CurePeriod(180days)补救期（180天）OEMnotifydealersofnewdealershippoint原始设备制造商提示经销商新的经销时点Allowmulti-brandstores允许多品牌专卖店TERMINATIONFORCAUSE

因故终止Dealerfailstocomplyreasonablerequirementsinthedealershipagreement经销商未能遵守经销协议中的合理要求Dealerhasfiledfor

bankruptcy/insolvent经销商申请破产DeathorIncapacityofDealerOperator经销商经营者死亡或不具备能力Dealerhasengagedinconductthatisinjurioustodealer'scustomers经销商从事有损经消费者权益的活动Dealerhasinadequatelyrepresentedthemanufacturer'sproduct经销商未能充分代理制造厂商的产品ConvictioninCourt在法庭上被定罪DEALER/MANUFACTURERDISPUTERESOLUTION

经销商/制造厂商的争议解决Somemanufacturersoutlineaprocedurewherebythedealercanappealadecisionmadebythemanufacturer.

一些制造厂商构建了一个程序，使得经销商可以对制造厂商的决策提出上诉Forexample,ifamanufacturerhasmovedtoterminateadealer,thedealercanappealtoaboardthatismadeupbybothrepresentativesofthemanufactureranddealers.

例如，如果制造厂商终止一个经销商的经营权，该经销商可以向由制造厂商和

经销商代表共同组成的董事会进行上诉

Thisprocessallowsthedealertomakehiscasewhytheactionbeingtakenagainsthim/herisinvalid/withoutcause.

这个过程使经销商能够阐明为什么制造厂商对他采取的行为是无效/无理的

Itisimportanttonotethattheresolutionthroughthisarbitrationisnon-bindingonthedealerandstillaffordsdealertheabilitytopursuehiscaseviathecourts.

需要注意的是，这种仲裁得到的解决方案对于经销商没有约束力，经销商仍然可以

通过法庭来解决TESLACONTROVERSY/STATE’SRESPONSE

特斯拉争议/州政府的回应Seekingtosellvehiclesdirectlytoconsumers

寻求直接向消费者销售汽车的机会Teslabelievesfranchisedealersareincapableofsellingelectricvehicles

特斯拉认为特许经销商不具备销售电动汽车的能力Teslawantstoprojectanimageforitsbrand

特斯拉希望展示其品牌形象Petitionedstategovernmentstoallow“DirectSales”

诉请州政府允许“直销”StateFranchiselawsshouldbefollowed

应遵守州特许经营法Exceptionshavebeengrantedin5states

5个州已经批准例外SomestatescontinuetoprohibitTesladirectselling一些州仍然禁止特斯拉进行直销CONCLUSIONS

结论StateFranchiselawswork

州特许经营法是有效的EffectivemeansofmanagingDealer/Manufacturerrelationship

管理经销商与制造厂商关系的有效方式StateFranchiselawallowsforcompetitioninmarketplace

州特许经营法允许市场竞争Consumersbenefitfromintra-brandcompetition

消费者受益于品牌内部竞争Warrantyandrecallworkeffectivewithfranchisesystem

保证和召回在特许经营系统中有效进行Franchiselawcanalwaysuseenhancements/modernizing

特许经营法可以继续改进/现代化WarrantBuffetVideowillgohere.视频DEBATEOVERDIRECTSALES

有关直销的争论Historical:Directsalesbymanufacturerswhohaddealernetwork

历史：拥有经销商网络的制造厂商进行直销Unfaircompetition不公平竞争Proximitylimits距离限制Manufacturerexperimentsfails制造厂商的实验失败Current:Directsalesbymanufacturerswhodonothavedealers

现状：没有经销商的制造厂商进行直销Puredebateoververt