现在分词作状语独立主格结构讲义-高三英语二轮复习

高考英语语法应用讲解一、现在分词作状语在写作中的应用（一）现在分词做时间状语现在分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，就用一般式：Ving例句1:Hearingthegoodnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.听到这个好消息，他们都高兴得跳起来。可以用时间状语从句替换：Whentheyheardthegoodnews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.例句2：Standingonthestage,asenseoftensionwelledupinmyheart.站在舞台上，紧张感油然而生。可以用时间状语从句替换：WhenIstoodonthestage,asenseoftensionwelledupinmyheart.仿写练习：看着这些照片，往日记忆涌上心头。1.用现在分词作时间状语：_______________________________2.可以改为时间状语从句：_______________________________【答案】1.Seeingthesephotos,memoriesofthoseolddaysfloodedintohismind2.WhenIsawthesephotos,memoriesofthoseolddaysfloodedintohismind.在强调现在分词动作先于谓语动作时，用完成式：havingdoneeg:Havingeatenherlunch,thegirlrushedout.那女孩吃完了午饭就跑出去了.（先吃eat后跑出rushout)Havingthoughtaboutthepresentsituationforawhile,RoydecidedtoapologizetoJane.思考现状一会儿后，Roy决定向Jane道歉。（先思考thought后决定decided)可用时间状语从句替换：Afterhehadthoughtaboutthepresentsituationforawhile,RoydecidedtoapologizetoJane.仿写练习：完成了漫长的一天的工作，他感到极度疲惫________________________________2.用时间状语从句替换：________________________________【答案】1.Havingfinishedalongday'swork,hewaswornout.2.Afterhehadfinishedalongday'swork,hewaswornout.（二）现在分词作原因状语knowingwheretogo,hewanderedaimlesslyalongthetreelinedavenue不知道该去哪里，他漫无目的地在绿树成荫的大道上漫步。可以用原因状语从句替换：Becausehedidn'tknowwgeretogo,hewanderedaimlesslyalongthetreelinedavenue.2.Raininghard,wedecidedtostayathome.由于下大雨，我们觉得待在家里。用原因状语从句替换：Becauseitrainedhard,wedecidedtostayathome.3.Snowingheavily,thetwinshadnoalternativebuttowalkhome.由于下大雪，这对双胞胎不得不步行回家。用原因状语从句替换：Becauseitsnowedheavily，thetwinshadnoalternativebuttowalkhome.仿写练习：由于不知如何办是好,他去找老师帮忙。1.用现在分词作原因状语：______________________________2.用原因状语从句：_______________________________【答案】Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisteacherforhelp.Becausehedidn'tknowwhattodo,hewenttohisteacherforhelp.（三）现在分词作结果状语用法解析：①现在分词作结果状语，常常位于句尾②前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示前一事直接造成的结果。例句：1.Thesunisbeginningtorise,makingthevillagecoveredingoldenlight.太阳升起来了，整个村庄沐浴在金光中2.Shethrowthebottleontheground,breakingitintopieces.她把瓶子扔在地上，摔成了碎片。仿写练习：到处都是泥水，走动很困难。【答案】Thereismudandwatereverywhere,makingitdifficulttotravelfromplacetoplace.四、现在分词作条件状语1.Workinghard,youwillmakeprogress.好好学习，你就会取得进步。可以改为条件状语从句Ifyouworkhard,youwillmakeprogress.2.Turningtotheleft，youwillfindthattheskyistingedwithfaintorange.向左转，你会发现天空被染上了淡橙色。用条件状语从句替换：Ifyouturntotheleft,youwillfindthattheskyistingedwithfaintorange.仿写练习：登上山顶，你会看到整个小镇都被阳光笼罩。1.用现在分词作条件状语：2.用条件状语从句：【答案】1.Reachingthesummit,youwillseethewholetownisbathedinsunshine.2.Ifyoureachthesummit,youwillseethewholetownisbathedinsunshine.五、现在分词作让步状语状语1.Livingmilesaway,shestillmanagedtoattendtheclassontimeeveryday.尽管住在数英里之外，她仍然设法每天准时上课。转换为让步状语从句：Althoughshelivedmilesaway,shestillmanagedtoattendtheclassontimeeveryday.2.Workingsohard,hefailedagain.尽管他如此努力，他又一次失败了。转换为让步状语从句：Thoughheworkedsohard,hefailedagain.3.Feelingdesperate,shepretendsthatnothinghappenedandgoestoworkasusual.尽管感到绝望，她假装无事发生，像往常一样去上班。转换为让步状语从句：Thoughshefeelsdesperate,shepretendsthatnothinghappenedandgoestoworkasusual.仿写练习：尽管生病，他坚持完成了比赛。【答案】1.Beingill,hepersistedinfinishingthepetition.2.Thoughhewasill,hepersistedinfinishingthepetition.二、独立主格结构在写作中的运用（一）什么是“独立主格”？2.独立主格结构在句中作状语（可与状语从句替换）3.独立主格由2部分组成：逻辑主语＋逻辑谓语5.逻辑谓语是：非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词eg:【普通句】Asthesunrises,wesetout.当太阳升起，我们出发了。独立主格结构：Sunrising,wesetout.Sunrising是独立主格结构由名词＋Ving形式构成作时间状语，修饰后面的句子。Sun和rising具有主动的逻辑主谓关系。（二）独立主格结构在写作中的运用逻辑主语＋不定式表示还未发生的动作，在句中作原因状语，常用来替换because从句eg:【普通句】Becauseshehasthreechildrentolookafter,shehastoquitherjob.由于有三个孩子需要照顾，她不得不辞了工作。独立主格结构：Threechildrentolookafter,shehastoquitherjob.eg.【普通句】Becausehisfriendsaregoingtoetonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.独立主格：Hisfriendstoetonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.他的朋友今晚要来，他正忙着准备晚餐。逻辑主语＋动词ing形式在句中可作时间状语，原因状语，条件状语和方式状语，用来替代对应的状语从句应用文写作之邀请信【普通句】Ifweatherpermits,let'sgotothebotanicalgardentomorrow.如果天气允许，明天我们去植物园吧。独立主格结构：Weatherpermitting,let'sgotothebotanicalgardentomorrow.应用文之旅行计划介绍【普通句】Iftimepermits,wearegoingtostaythereforanothertwodays.如果时间允许，我们将在那里多待两天。独立主格：Timepermitting,wearegoingtostaythereforanothertwodays.读后续写之感受描写【普通句】Hereyesbrimmedwithtearsandshecouldn'tutteraword.​她热泪盈眶，说不出话来。独立主格结构：Hereyesbrimmingwithtears,shecouldn'tutteraword.读后续写之眼部动作：【普通句】Thegirlwasstaringathimandhedidnotknowwhattosay.女孩儿盯着他，他不知道说什么。独立主格：Thegirlstaringathim,hedidnotknowwhattosay.逻辑主语＋动词ed形式读后续写之动作描写【普通句】Janesatloneandputherheaddown.简独自坐着，耷拉着头。独立主格结构：Janesatalone,headdown.读后续写之事件描写【普通句】Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecouldmakemorepopcornforBernerd.如果给我们更多的时间，我们能为伯纳德做更多的爆米花。独立主格结构：Moretimegiven,wecouldmakemorepopcornforBernerd.逻辑主语＋名词主要用来补充说明eg:【普通句】Manypeoplediedinthewar,mostofwhomarecitizensofnoabilitytodefendthemselves.在这场战争中许多人去世，其中大多数都是没有自卫能力的平民。独立主格结构Manypeoplediedinthewar,mostofthemcitizensofnoabilitytodefendthemselves.逻辑主语＋形容词/副词应用文写作之活动介绍【普通句】Whenthespeechwasover,alltheaudiencebrokeintoloudapplause.当演讲结束，全场观众爆发出热烈的掌声。独立主格结构：Thespeechover,alltheaudiencebrokeintoloudapplause.逻辑主语＋介词短语读后续写之丛林冒险【普通句】Hewentintothejungleandapasswasinhishand.他走进丛林，手上拿着指南针。独立主格结构:Hewentinto