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B.STUDENTB.STUDENTWeholdthatallstudentshavetherighttoapositive,respectful,andengagedacademicenvironmentinsideandoutsidethetoattendclassesatregularlyscheduledtimeswithoutunduevariations,andtoreceivebeforeterm-endadequatemake-upsofclassesthatarecanceledduetoleaveofabsenceoftheinstructor;toreceiveasyllabuswhichshouldincludeanoutlineofthecourseobjectives,entirecoursecontentandschedule,evaluationcriteria,andanyotherrequirementsforsuccessfulcompletionofeachcourseonthefirstdayofclassandtobeclearlyinformedofanychangesmadetothesyllabusduringthesemesterwithreasonabletimetoadjusttothesechanges;toconsultwithconcernedfacultymembersandcoursetutorsoutsideofusualclassroomtimesthroughregularlyscheduledofficehoursoramutuallyconvenientappointment;tohavereasonableaccesstoUniversityfacilitiesandequipmentinordertocompletecourseassignmentsand/orobjectives;tohaveaccesstoguidelinesonUniversity’sdefinitionofacademicmisconductwithinanycourse;tohavereasonableaccesstogradinginstrumentsand/orgradingcriteriaforindividualassignments,projects,orexamsandtoreviewgradedmaterialinatimelyfashion;toconsultwitheachcourse’sfacultymemberregardingthepetitionprocessforgradedC.FACULTYC.FACULTYWeholdthatallfacultymembershavetherighttoapositive,respectful,andengagedacademicenvironmentinsideandoutsidethestudentstoappearforclassmeetingsinatimelytoselectqualifiedcoursetutorsinconsultationwithDepartmentChairmenaswellastherighttodelegategrading,laboratoryinstruction,tutoring,andotheracademicactivitiestotheseindividuals;studentstoappearatofficehoursoramutuallyconvenientappointmentforofficialmattersofacademicconcern;fullattendanceatexamination,midterms,presentations,andlaboratories,withtheexceptionofformalpre-approvedexcusedabsencesoremergencysituations;studentstobepreparedforclass,appearingwithappropriatematerialsandhavingcompletedassignedreadingsandhomework;fullengagementwithintheclassroom,includingmeaningfulfocusduringlectures,appropriateandrelevantquestions,andclassparticipation(forinstance,engagementinconversationorphone-callsnotrelatedtothelecturetopicathandshouldbeavoided);tocancelclassduetoemergencysituationsandtocovermissedmaterialduringsubsequentclassmeetings;studentstoactwithintegrityandDean'sDean'sMarketTrendintheMedicalEquipmentIndustryRegardlessofeconomicrecession,themarketofequipmentgrowsSales(BillionSales(Billion0 MarketTrendintheMedicalEquipmentIndustryRegardlessofeconomicrecession,themarketofequipmentgrowsSales(BillionSales(Billion0 0 TheMedicalDeviceIndustryinGlobalMarketTheMedicalDeviceIndustryinGlobalMarket(2005):USD250China2-Japan15-18%EuropeU.S.TheglobalsalesofdevicesUSD300billionsin2007andhasincreasedby12%toapproximatelyUSD336billionsby2008.InChina,theMDindustryhasexpandedbyover10%inthesameperiod.GrowthinBiomedicalEngineeringJobMarketSource:U.S.DepartmentofLabor,OccupationalOutlookHandbook,2010-11GrowthinBiomedicalEngineeringJobMarketSource:U.S.DepartmentofLabor,OccupationalOutlookHandbook,2010-11PercentageIncreaseAmongstapprox.800occupations,BMEranks#1inoccupationswithProjectedEmploymentin2018basedonEmploymentin2008forBMEJobs&others 0BiomedicalEngingeering OverallEngineeringJobsJobsTheAgingTheAgingSource:U.S.CensusBureau,International•2008年国内•2008年国内生产总值GDP前十五位国家50岁以上人口共8.9970亿 根据2007年联合国人口统计年鉴 2中各国人口统计计GlobalCausesGlobalCausesofChronicofalldeaths80%ofwhichoccurinlowandmiddleincomecountries45%ofwhichoccurGlobalGlobalHealthAgeingPrevalenceofChronic–CardiovascularDiseasebeingtheTopWidespreadofInfectiousMentalHealth.EvolutionofHealthand Lifetime 1stGen.EvolutionofHealthand Lifetime 1stGen.Modifiedfrom:I.Cummins,“WhatwillthekeyHealthSystemDriversthenextfewyears,”IBMHealthcareandLifeSciences,RevolutionaryClinicalGenomicExpertElectronicMedicalContinuousEpisodicDigitalHealthWearableMonitoringNetworkMolecularGeneticPredispositionHealth&Medicineinthe21st•CollectionofpersonalisedHealth&Medicineinthe21st•Collectionofpersonalised•Predictionorearlydetection•Proactivetreatment,care:bydrugsormodificationof•Low-cost,pervasivereducediseaseCardiovascularDisease:No.12005GlobalCausesofDeathChronicRespiratoryDiseasesCardiovascularDisease:No.12005GlobalCausesofDeathChronicRespiratoryDiseasesSources:WHOStatistics,CardiovascularDiseaseMortality0513.3NormalHeartVital135/72Vital135/7276BloodPressureMeasuringBloodPressureMeasuringLargePowerDiscomfortCuffCannotProvideLong-term,ContinuousReadyToReadyTo Park, inSpectrum,IEEE,OctY.T.Zhang,C.C.Y.Poonetal.,3rdIEEE-EMBSISSS-MDBS,MIT,USA,2006,pp.86-89.Artwork:CourtesyofMs.JoeyK.Y.Leung,TheChineseUniversityofHongKongSource:“m-Health:BeyondSeamlessMobilityandGlobalWirelessHealthcareConnectivity,”(GuestEditorial,Source:“m-Health:BeyondSeamlessMobilityandGlobalWirelessHealthcareConnectivity,”(GuestEditorial,SpecialIssuesofIEEETrans.onInfo.Tech.inBiomedicine)byR.S.H.Istepanian,EmilJovanov,andY.T.Zhang,Dec.2004.MobileBiosensors/WearableMedicalProstheticDevices(G.LProstheticDevices(G.LCNNNewsWorldNo.1Bionic“世界上第一个仿生人”(byL.Song)Zhang,Zhang,H.F.etal.(2006)."Functionalphotoacousticmicroscopyforhigh-resolutionandnoninvasiveinvivoimaging".NatureBiotechnology24(7):848–851.doi:10.1038/nbt1220.PMID16823374.(L.Song)Zhang,H.F.etal.(2006)."Functionalphotoacousticmicroscopyforhigh-resolutionZhang,H.F.etal.(2006)."Functionalphotoacousticmicroscopyforhigh-resolutionandnoninvasiveinvivoimaging".NatureBiotechnology24(7):848–851.doi:10.1038/nbt1220.PMID16823374.MRI(Z.P.MRI(Z.P.HospitalHealthLow-Multi-HealthcareLow-Multi-HealthcareHospitalHealthC.C.Y.Poon,Y.T.Zhang(张元亭),“PerspectivesonHighTechnologiesfor展望),IEEEEngMedBiolMag.2008MedicalInstruments&MedicalInstruments&NeededattheDifferentLevelsoftheHospitalHealthC.C.Y.Poon,Y.T.Zhang(张元亭),“PerspectivesonHighTechnologiesfor展望),IEEEEngMedBiolMag.2008Device/SensorDevice/SensorChapter2:MeasurementsofBiomedicalSignals/DataBMEGChapter2:MeasurementsofBiomedicalSignals/DataBMEG5730–MedicalDevicesandSensorOutlineandTheGeneralCharacteristicsOutlineandTheGeneralCharacteristicsofMedical–BeabletounderstandandlistcharacteristicsandtypesofmedicalBasicConceptsofMedicalBeabletolistanddescribethebasicBasicElementsofaMedicalCare–Beabletodescribethebasicelementsmedicalcare–CharacteristicsCharacteristicsofMedicalBasictypesofdatatobeacquiredmanipulatedformedicalandAlphanumericMedicalPhysiologicalGenomicGenomicgramLab.TestDNAScansfromMedicalGenomicgramLab.TestDNAScansfromMedicalgramPhysicianImagePatient'sBloodIDFig.1.1BasicTypesofMedicalDatawithInthehospital,alphanumericdataaregenerallymanagedandorganizedintoadatabaseusingageneral-purposeMainframeInthehospital,alphanumericdataaregenerallymanagedandorganizedintoadatabaseusingageneral-purposeMainframeComputer(HospitalInformationSystem,HIS).Alphanumericdataaretypicallyrecordedasunstructured,freetextinthemedicalrecord.Theyaccountforalargeportionoftheinformationthatisgatheredverballyinthecareofpatients,suchaspatientdemographics,adescriptionofpatients’illnessesandresponsestophysician’squestions.Resultsofphysicalexaminationsuchasvitalsignsandlaboratorytests,andothernarrativedescriptions,suchastreatmentplansandsurgicalprocedures,alsobelongtothiscategory.•••MedicalMedicalimageshavetheabilitytorevealtheregionsofMedicalMedicalimageshavetheabilitytorevealtheregionsofinterestingreatdetailsandprovideameanstovisualizetheconditionofinternalorgansorareathatisnotexternallyvisible.Radiologicalimagescanbeformedbymakinguseoftheelectromagneticspectrum.Opticalacquiredimagesmayalsobeproducedbyskinphotographyandendoscopy.Ultrasoundimagingisbasedonmechanicalenergyintheformofhigh-frequencysoundwaves.Imagedatacanbestoredindigitizedformonopticaldisksanddistributedondemandoverahigh-speedlocalareanetwork(LAN)toveryhighresolutiongraphicsdisplaymonitorslocatedthroughoutahospital.Digitalmedicalimagedatacanbeaccessedthroughinternetorotherspeciallydesignednetworks–TelemedicineorTele-•••PhysiologicalPhysiologicalsignals,capturedfromPhysiologicalPhysiologicalsignals,capturedfromthehumanbodybyusingappropriatebiomedicalsensors,areusuallytimeseriesofvaluesthatassociatedwiththeunderlyingphysiologicalMostphysiologicalsignalslikethosethatmonitoredduringsurgeryintheoperatingroomrequirerealtimeprocessing.Medicaldoctorsmustknowimmediatelyiftheinstrumentfindsabnormalreadingsasitanalysesthecontinuousdata.Advancesinphysiologicalsignalacquisitiontechniqueshavegeneratedavastquantityofphysiologicalrecordings,includingECG,EEG,gait,respirationandbloodpressure•••GenomicAdvancesinbiologicalsciencearefosteringanewclinicalpractice,whereGenomicAdvancesinbiologicalsciencearefosteringanewclinicalpractice,wherediagnosisandtreatmentwillbesupportedbytheinformationencodedinrelevantgenomicdata,suchasDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)sequences,proteinstructuresandmicroarraygeneexpressiondata.Eachtypeofgenomicdatahasauniquedatastructure.Forinstance,DNAmayberepresentedbyalinearsequenceofthealphabets{A,G,T,C},eachreferstoanucleotide.Atypicalmicroarrayexperimentdatasetincludesexpressionlevelsofthousandsofgenesinanumberofsamplesthatcorrespondstodifferentconditionsorserialtimepointstakenduringabiologicalprocess.•••GenomicDataAnexpressiondatasetcanbesummarizedbyaGenomicDataAnexpressiondatasetcanbesummarizedbyamatrix,inwhichthehorizontalrowsrepresentgenes,onegeneineachrow,andtheverticalcolumnscontainthevarioussamplescorrespondingeithertothetimepointsortovariousconditions,withonesampleineachcolumn.Thestronginterestinintegratinggenomicdataintoclinicalresearchisforthepreventionanddiagnosisofcomplexgeneticdiseaseandthedesignofhighlytargetedtherapies.Forexample,withDNAmicroarraytechnology,expressionofthousandsofgenescanbemeasuredunderselectedphysiologicalconditionsatagiventime.Bycomparingexpressionprofilesofsamplesandanindividualgeneundervariousconditions,manyimportantphysiologicalandmedicalphenomenacanbestudiedatthemolecularlevel.•••Modifiedfrom:SSchnell,RGrimaandPKMaini,“Multiscalemodelinginbiology-NewinsightsintocancerillustratehowmathematicalModifiedfrom:SSchnell,RGrimaandPKMaini,“Multiscalemodelinginbiology-Newinsightsintocancerillustratehowmathematicaltoolsareenhancingtheunderstandingoflifefromthesmallestscaletothegrandest,”AmericanScientist,vol.95,no.2,pp.134-142,Mar-Apr,2007.Fig.1.2MultiscaleDataBasicConceptsofBasicConceptsofMedicalForthousandsofyears,withoutmedicalphysicianswereabletouseonlytheirfivesensestoacquirediagnosticinformation.Today’smedicalinstrumentsusesensorsandsignal-processingunitstoconvertinformationaboutphysiologicalsystemstoaformthathumanbeingscanperceive.Themajordifferencebetweenmedicalinstrumentationsystemandconventionalinstrumentationsystemsisthatthesourceofthesignalsislivingtissueorenergyappliedtoliving•••ThesensorsortransducersconvertsenergyinformationfromThesensorsortransducersconvertsenergyinformationfromthe“measurand”toform,usuallyRadiation/ElectricCurrent/OtherAppliedEnergyDataPowerControlandMeasurandMeasurandisthephysicalquantity,orconditionthatthesystemBio-Point-of-CareArrayanalysisforparallel•Measuringmultiplespecificsimultaneously,orPoint-of-CareArrayanalysisforparallel•Measuringmultiplespecificsimultaneously,ormeasuringpatternsorMicrofluidicor"lab-on-a-chip”–•Sampleintroduction,preprocessing(e.g.lysis,dilution,anddebrisremoval),reagentaddition,andsignaldetectioncanbeconductedonthechip–•–Self-containedanddonot