新教材高中英语UNIT4HISTRYANTRAITINS教知识细解码案含解析新人教版必修第二册

PAGE10-UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONS1．defendvt.保护；保卫；为……辩护→defencen．防御；保卫2．evidentadj.明显的；明白的→evidencen．证据；证明3．achievevt.完成；成就；取得→achievementn．成就；成绩；达到4．surroundvt.围绕；包围→surroundingadj.周围的→surroundingsn．环境5．locatev．确定……的地点→locationn．地方；地点；位置6．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.非法的7．greetvt.问候；迎接→greetingn．问候；迎接1．individualadj.单独的；个别的；独特的；与众不同的n．个人；与众不同的人；有个性的人①Thecompetitionisopentobothteamsandindividuals. n.个人②Shehasherownindividualstyleofdoingthings. adj.独特的③Ateachercan'tgiveindividualattentiontoeachpupilifhisclassislarge.adj.单独的2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高级别的；总的；主要的n．族长；酋长；主管人员；(公司或机构的)首领①Hemarriedoffhisdaughtertothelocalchief. n．首领②Donwasappointedchiefengineeroftheproject. adj.总的③Thechiefreasonforgoingtoschoolistolearn. adj.主要的3．positionvt.安装；使处于；确定……的位置，找到……的位置n.姿势；处境；职位①Largetelevisionscreenswerepositionedateitherendofthestadium. v.安装②Thisputhimandhiscolleaguesinadifficultposition. n.处境③Makesurethatyouareworkinginacomfortableposition. n.姿势WordsandPhrases知识要点1join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来(教材P40)Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。[例1]ThecomputerhasnotbeenjoinedtotheInternet.这台电脑还没有连上网。[例2]Howcanwejointhisislandandthatone?我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？[知识拓展]joinin 参加；加入joinsb.in(doing)sth. 加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事jointheclub/army/party 加入俱乐部/参军/入党joinup(withsb.) (与某人)联合，会合[即学即练]介词填空①WejoinedpointAtopointBinastraightline.②Weplantojoinupwiththeotherclimbersontheothersideofthemountain.③Everybodyhastojoininthetraining.知识要点2breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40)Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK...最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国……[例1]Whatcanwedotohelpthembreakawayfromthedifficultposition?我们能做些什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？[例2]Itwaswrongforhimtobreakawayfromallhisgoodfriends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。[知识拓展]breakdown 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚breakin 非法闯入；插嘴，打断breakinto 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来breakoff 打断；折断；中断(说话)breakout (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发breakthrough 冲突；突破breakup 分解；分裂[即学即练]用break的相关短语填空①Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreakdownsomebarrierstotradebetweenthem.②Wehadtobreakintothehouseaswehadlostthekey.③Inordertogetsomemoney，themanbrokeupthatoldmachineandsoldsomeparts.④Thethieftriedtobreakawayfromthepoliceman，buthefailed.⑤Thefirebrokeoutduringtheday，andthereforealmostnoonewasinjured.知识要点3belongto属于(教材P40)ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。[例1]Thosebooksbelongtothelibrarybutthisismyown.那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。[例2]Anyonehasnorighttotakethelandbelongingtothestateastheirown.任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。[知识拓展](1)belongin 适于；适宜(放在某处)(2)belongingsn. 动产；财物[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theheadteacherkeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell­educated.②Havingsoldmostofhisbelongings(belong)，healmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.③ThemountainvillageIvisitedlastweekismadeupof30familiesbelonging(belong)tofivenationalities.[名师点津]belongto用法两注意belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“...belongingto”。知识要点4(教材P40)Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence．像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。(1)aswellas同(一样也)；和；还[例1]Wecanknowmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeopleaswellashistoryandculturesofothercountries.我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。[例2]Aswellasbeingaphotographer，sheisatalentedmusician.她除了是个摄影师，还是个天才音乐家。[知识拓展]aswellas连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点掌握以下要点：(1)aswellas连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。(2)aswellas位于句首，相当于besides，inadditionto，后接动词时，用动名词形式。(3)aswellas也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。[即学即练]单句语法填空/同义句改写①Helen，aswellasherbrothers，hasgone(go)abroadalready.②Aswellaslearning(learn)English，wewanttoexperiencelifeintheUSA.③Studentsshoulddeveloptheirowninterestsaswellasdo(do)theirschoolwork.④Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy(health)．⑤Hedidn'tperformaswellassomeofhiscompetitors.⑥Theyvisitedsomefactories，hospitalsaswellastheschool.→Theyvisitednotonlytheschoolbutalsosomefactoriesandhospitals.(2)defencen．防御；保卫[例1]Indefenceofournation，manysoldierslosttheirlives.为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。[例2]Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefenceagainstenemyattacks.这些城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。[知识拓展](1)indefenceof... 为了保卫……(2)defendvt. 保护；保卫；为……辩护defend...from/against... 保卫……以免受……[即学即练]单句语法填空①WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim'ssuccessfuldefence(defend)inthefootballgame?②Whattalkingpointscanberaisedindefenceofthisargument?③Studentsshouldbetrainedtodefendthemselvesagainst/fromsomeattacks.知识要点5surroundvt.围绕；包围(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。[例1]Alakeisanareaofwatersurroundedbyland.一个湖泊就是被一片陆地包围的水域。[例2]Ifyou'reseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylife，it'sextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho'llprovideyouwithproperemotionalsupport.如果你真的想过上健康的生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是尤为重要的。[知识拓展](1)besurroundedby... 被……包围、环绕(2)surroundoneselfwithsb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起(3)surroundingadj. 周围的；附近的(4)surroundingsn. 环境[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①WhenIcametotheairport，Isawthattheplacewassurrounded(surround)bypolice.②Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow，surrounded(surround)byhisfamily.③Standingonthetop，weadmiredthesurrounding(surround)scenes.④Shewasfacedwithanewjobinunfamiliarsurroundings(surrounding)．⑤他喜欢结交幽默的人们。Helikestosurroundhimselfwithhumorouspeople.[小片段填空]Onceuponatime，akingwhowaspolitetosurroundingcountries，livedinacastlesurroundedbyalargeforestandhavingwonderfulsurroundings．(surround)知识要点6keepone'seyesopen(for)留心；留意(教材P41)Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。[例1]Keepyoureyesopenforaboyinaredcapandaredsweater.你要留心注意一个戴红帽子、穿红毛衣的小男孩。[例2]Justkeepyoureyesopenandyourmouthshut.请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。[知识拓展]keepaneyeon 照看，照管；留心注意looksb.intheeye(s) 直视别人haveaneyefor 对……有判断力/鉴赏力catchsb.'seye 吸引某人的注意[即学即练]完成句子①We'veaskedtheneighbourstokeepaneyeon(照看)thehouseforuswhileweareaway.②Aredpencil­markonthefifthpagecaughthiseye(引起了他的注意)．③Agoodartistmusthaveaneyeforcolour(对颜色有判断力)．SentencePatterns重点句式1everywhere引导地点状语从句(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。[句式分析]句中everywhereyougointheUK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于whereveryougointheUK。[例1]Everywheretheylooked，nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。[例2]Iwantedtosaveupmoneyandbuymyowncar，soIappliedeverywhereIcouldthatsummer.那年夏天，我想攒钱买属于自己的车，所以四处求职。[知识拓展]引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。[即学即练]完成句子/同义句改写①这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。Whereverthefilmstargoes，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.②你可以去任何你喜欢的地方。Youcangoanywhereyoulike．③有志者，事竟成。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway．④She'llwearfinejewelleryeverywhereshegoes.→She'llwearfinejewellerynomatterwhere/wherevershegoes.重点句式2theway后接定语从句(教材P40－41)TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他们是英语的创始人，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。[句式分析]句中theway后为省略了关系词that或inwhich的定语从句。[例1]Doittheway(that/inwhich)youweretaught.要按照教你的那样做。[例2]Iwasimpressedbythewayinwhichshedidit.她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。[知识拓展](1)theway后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝inthisway)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用that，在较正式的文体里才用inwhich来引导。(2)theway后不能用how引导定语从句，但也可以不用theway，而直接用how引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thewaythatthismattercanbeuseddependsonitsproperties.②Thewaywhich/thatwasthoughtofbyhimofdoingtheexperimentwassimilartothewaythatyoucarrieditout.③我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.④他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。Theway(which/that)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.1．(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.[分析]本句是一个主从复合句，everywhereyougointheUK为地点状语从句，whotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people。[译文]几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。2．(教材P41)ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.[分析]本句是一个主从复合句，as引导的是一个原因状语从句，thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词city，其中现在分词短语datingallthewaybacktoRomantimes作名词history的后置定语。[译文]首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。3．(教材P41)Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.[分析]本句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句，that引导宾语从句。[译文]如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。教材高考1.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.(2020·天津卷)Thetwobelongtogether.2.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(2019·天津卷)Amy，aswellasherbrothers，wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(2019·江苏卷)Anddon'tforget：wearesurroundedbyanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking，caving，climbingandcycling.4.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforhergreatachievement(achieve)．2．Scientistsarepuzzled(puzzle)astowhythewhaleswamtotheshore.3．Heisaclerkbelonging(belong)tothiscompany.4．Menandwomen，youngandold，werefightingagainstthefloodindefence(defend)oftheirownhomes.5．Surrounded(surround)byrowsoftrees，ourlibrarystandsoutfromalltheotherbuildings.6．Inordertoprovethatheisinnocent，somenewevidence(evident)isneeded.7．Idon'tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.8．TheEnglishteacher，aswellasthestudentswassinging(sing)asongwhenIpassedtheclassroom.9．Thevillagewasusedasthelocation(locate)forapopularTVseries.10．Parkinglotownersshouldbelegally(legal)responsibleforprotectingvehicles.Ⅱ.短语填空join...to...；belongto；breakawayfrom；aswellas；leavebehind；resultin；takeover；datebackto；keepone'seyesopen；besimilarto1．Datingbackto1933，theSouthLakeParkinChangchunislocatedinthesouthwesternpartoftheChangchuncity.2．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindmanybeautifulancientwoodentowers.3．Shetookoverhisworkafterhisdeparture.4．Bothgroupsjoinedforcestopersuadevoterstoapproveataxbreakfortheindustry.5．TomaswellashisparentswenttoHongKongtospendthesummerholiday.6．OnlythendidIrealizethatitwasfoolishofmetobreakawayfromallofmyfriends.7．Youmightlearnthathastemakeswasteifyoudosomethingsofast，resultinginmistakes.8．Asisknowntoall，culturalrelicsbelongtohumanbeings