阅读理解解密08说明文（讲义）-2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测（原卷版）

阅读理解解密07说明文【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向【命题规律】近三年说明文阅读理解主要考查以下题型：一、细节理解题顾名思义，事实细节题即对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题，事实细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查，也可能是将文章中的几个细节放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比校从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义装换或简单换算）。二、推理判断题推理判断题考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。三、词义猜测题即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义，它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点，同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多，常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法，基本构词法，语境理解法，举例说明法，常识背景法、类属分析法等。四、主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料或所读材料片断）中心思想的概括，做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达中心思想，其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句，第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中间（通常是第一段或最后一段的中间）也是完全可能的，主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。【近三年考点分布】时间卷次主题语境字数题型分类2023新高考I卷人与社会：数字极简主义生活方式人与社会：“群体智慧”效应1）322+1072）339+1121）1个细节理解题2个推理判断题1个词义猜测题2）1个细节理解题2个推理判断题1个主旨大意题新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人与自然：保护城市中的野生自然320+1561个细节理解题3个推理判断题2022新高考I卷人与自然：在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式人与社会：改善老年人的健康状况的项目人与社会：饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音1）346+1302）299+1313）339+1531）2个推理判断题1个主旨大意题1个词义猜测题2）3个推理判断题1个词义猜测题3）2个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个主旨大意题新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人与社会：Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了289+1281个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个主旨大意题1个词义猜测题2021新高考I卷1）人与社会：美国鸭票2）人与社会：情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望1）297+1272）297+1261）1个细节理解题1个推理判断题1个主旨大意题1个词义猜测题2）1个细节理解题3个推理判断题新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人与社会：用于监测放牧牛的健康状况的机器人。307+1334个细节理解题【备考策略】说明文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以节省时间。解题时，要做到：（1）快速浏览主题。快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。（2）速读题干，跳读定位信息。接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息点，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息点的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。（3）细读解题信息。最后，根据查找的相关信息，经过思考后选出正确答案。一、（2023新高考I卷）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghighqualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.1．Whatisthebookaimedat?A．Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B．Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C．Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D．Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clearup. B．Addon. C．Checkin. D．Takeover.3．Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A．Theoreticalmodels. B．Statisticalmethods.C．Practicalexamples. D．Historicalanalyses.4．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A．Usethemasneeded. B．Remendthemtofriends.C．Evaluatetheireffects. D．Identifytheideasbehindthem.二、（2023新高考I卷）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathasetobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbeecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollowupstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.5．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation. B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.6．Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A．thecrowdswererelativelysmall B．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotmunicate D．estimateswerenotfullyindependent7．Whatdidthefollowupstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups. B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess. D．Theindividualestimates.8．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.三、（2023新高考=2\*ROMANII卷）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebeeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevenpletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21stcenturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybatterypoweredereader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“offline”activity.9．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook. B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum. D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.10．Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A．Wealthandintellect. B．Homeandschool.C．Booksandreading. D．Workandleisure.11．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.12．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningtheereader?A．Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B．Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C．Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D．Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.四、（2023新高考=2\*ROMANII卷）Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbeinghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwellbeing.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredparkgoers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehumannatureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.13．Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A．Pocketparksarenowpopular. B．Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C．Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D．Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.14．Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A．Toparedifferenttypesofparkgoers. B．Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C．Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark. D．Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.15．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A．Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B．Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C．Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D．Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.16．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A．Languagestudy. B．Environmentalconservation.C．Publiceducation. D．Interculturalmunication.五、（2022新高考I卷）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjawdroppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D．C．,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.17．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.18．Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?A．Moraldecline. B．Environmentalharm.C．Energyshortage. D．Worldwidestarvation.19．WhatdoesCurtin’spanydo?A．Itproduceskitchenequipment. B．Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C．Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits. D．Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.20．WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A．Buyonlywhatisneeded. B．Reducefoodconsumption.C．Goshoppingonceaweek. D．Eatinrestaurantslessoften.六、（2022新高考I卷）Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80yearoldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.”“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.”“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentseandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallyweletheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”21．Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A．Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B．Toprovideparttimejobsfortheaged.C．Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D．Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.22．HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A．Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B．Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C．Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D．Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.23．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.24．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itiswellreceived. B．Itneedstobemorecreative.C．Itishighlyprofitable. D．Ittakesagestoseetheresults.七、（2022新高考I卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Agroundbreaking,fiveyearstudyshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.25．WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A．Itsvariety. B．Itsdistribution. C．Itsquantity. D．Itsdevelopment.26．Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.27．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.28．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A．Itiskeytoeffectivemunication. B．Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisaplexanddynamicsystem. D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.八、（2022新高考=2\*ROMANII卷）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shandsfreedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhandhelddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbeeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."29．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.30．WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A．Whereadrivercamefrom. B．Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C．Howfastadriverwasgoing. D．Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Advice. B．Data. C．Tests. D．Laws.32．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB．TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC．NewYorkBanningHandHeldDevicesbyDrivers.D．TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer九、（2022新高考=2\*ROMANII卷）Asweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbeedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(无氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhighintensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50yearoldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30or35yearoldhearts,”saysLevine.“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise.”Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn’tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.“Weputhealthy70yearoldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.33．WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A．Therightwayofexercising. B．Thecausesofaheartattack.C．Thedifficultyofkeepingfit. D．Theagingprocessoftheheart.34．Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A．Dietplan. B．Professionalbackground.C．Exercisetype. D．Previousphysicalcondition.35．WhatdoesLevine’sresearchfind?A．Middleagedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.B．Highintensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C．Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.D．Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.36．WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A．Makinguseofthefindings. B．Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C．Conductingfurtherresearch. D．Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【命题预测】从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2024年高考说明文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题和推理判断题为主。一、We’vebeentoldforyearsthatselfdrivingcarsarejustapproaching.Butit’stimetoacceptthetruth,saidDarrellEtheringtononTechCrunch:they“aren’tgoingtohappen”inourlifetimes.I’velongbeenexcitedaboutthepotentialofthistechnology,butmyremainingoptimismleftmefinallylastmonthwhenFordandVolkswagenannouncedtheywerestoppingrunningArgoAl,theirautonomousdrivingtechjointfirm.Argowasconsideredaleaderinthefield.ButFordfeelsthat“producingprofitable,fullyautonomousvehiclesonalargescaleisalongwayoff”,anditcouldnolongerstomachtheincreasingcosts.Thisisjustthelatestsetback.True,GeneralMotorsismakingprogressintriallingdriverlessvehiclesontheroads,butonlyonasmallscale.Teslaispushingaheadwithitsselfdrivingtechnology,butitsambitionscanbelimitedbyaninvestigationthatislookingintosomeaccidentsinvolvingits“Autopilot”system.Someofthefirmestbelieversinselfdrivingtechnologyhaveturnednonbelievers.Stateoftheartrobotcarsstill“struggle”withconstructionsites,roadblocks,andsometimesevensimpleleftturns.IrecentlytookarideinaselfdrivingtaxiinthecityofChandler,Arizona.Therewasanundeniablehorrormovieaspecttosittinginthebackofavehicleandwatchingthesteeringwheelturnautonomously.Tomyrelief,itslowedwhenothervehiclesbehavedimproperly.Iwasjustabouttofeelrelaxedandtextacoworkerwhenthetaxicametoasuddenstopatonepoint.Atruckstoppedinfrontofusandwantedtogobackwardsinordertotakeamissedturning.Unclearaboutwhattodonext,thetaxi“chirped(吱吱叫)t