波兰能源转型-英

Energy

transition

in

Poland2022

Editionwww.forum-energii.euEnergy

trELABORATION:MarcinDusiło–ForumEnergiiCOPYEDITING:BrienBarnettGRAPHIC

DESIGN:KarolKoszniecPHOTO:AndersJildén,UnsplashPUBLICATIONDATE:2April2022Forum

Energiiis

aEuropean,

interdisciplinary

think-tank

from

Polandwhoseteam

consists

ofexperts

workingin

the

fieldofenergy.We

combineexperience

gained

in

business,publicadministration,media,

and

sciencewith

specialist

knowledgein

the

fieldofenergy.The

mission

ofForum

Energiiis

to

initiate

dialogue,

proposeknowledge-basedsolutions,and

inspire

actionforajustand

efficientenergy

transitionthat

leadsto

climate

neutrality.All

Forum

Energiianalyses

are

providedfree

ofcharge

and

maybe

reproduced,providedthe

source

and

authorsare

acknowledged.TABLE

OF

CONTENTSForeword

(JoannaMaćkowiak-Pandera,PhD)Main

conlusionsGeneration

capacity05060708091011Achievablecapacity

in2021Changesinachievablecapacity

in2021ascomparedto2020Changesinachievablecapacity

overthelastdecadeChangesinachievablerenewablecapacity

overthelastdecadeElectricity

production1213Electricity

productionin2021Changesinelectricity

generationin2021ascomparedto2020Changesinelectricity

generationoverthelastdecadeChangesinrenewableelectricity

generationoverthelastdecadeEnergy

balance141516173Balanceofdomesticelectricity

productionandconsumptionCross-border

exchangeofelectricityChangeinelectricity

demand

versusGDPChangeinpeakpower

demand181920212223242526EmissionsSpecificemissionsofprimary

energy

consumptionSpecificemissionsofelectricity

generationStructureofgreenhousegasemissionsinPolandChangesingreenhousegasemissionsinPolandAPRIL2022Energy

trChangesingreenhousegasemissionsfromelectricity

andheatgenerationEmissionsfromelectricity

andheating,byfuelCarbondioxideemissionscoveredbytheETS2728293031CO

emissionallowanceprices;Poland’sincomefromtheir

sale2Electricity

pricesComparisonofSPOT

electricity

pricesinneighbouringmarketsComparisonofelectricity

pricesinneighbouringmarkets-pricesfor

householdsComparisonofelectricity

pricesinneighbouringmarkets-industrialpricesPower

sector

fuels32333435363738394041TradebalanceofsteamcoalHardcoalbalanceinPolandDomestichardcoalproductionTradebalanceofnaturalgasNaturalgasbalanceinPolandDomesticnaturalgasproduction4Shareofimportsofenergy

resourcesfromRussiaStructureofprimary

energy

consumptionStructureofnaturalgasconsumptionStructureofsteamcoalconsumptionCoalandnaturalgasprices4243444546APRIL2022ForewordThe

world

isn’tgiving

usa

break.

Ato

record

lows,

2021

wasa

very

different

year.The

EU

and

global

economies

began

to

accelerate

more

than

expected.

Electricity

demand

increased

significantly

and

industrialprCO

emission

allowances

rose.

An

energy

crisisbeganin

the

European

Union

that

nobody

expected.2In

Poland,

we

started

to

burn

more

coal

again.

For

the

firstin

the

EU,

the

trend

of

cross-border

flows

ofelectricity

was

reversed,

and

imports

decreased

significantly.The

culminaUkraine

on

February

24,

2022.

The

anxiety

of

energy

consumers

about

the

future

is

high.The

priority

for

Poland

and

otherEU

countries

has

become

how

to

move

away

as

quickly

as

possible

from

Russian

energy

resources.

Currently,

about

30%

ofthe

Kremlin’s

budget

revenuesis

from

thesaleof

raw

materials,

whichin

turn

finances

the

Russian

war

machine.5Despite

the

rapidly

changing

external

environment,

market

volasources

are

sof

onshore

wind

energyIn

our

report

for

2021,

we

present

the

most

interAs

always,

we

are

ready

for

discussion.Yours

sincerely,Joanna

Maćkowiak-Pandera,PhDPresidentof

Forum

EnergiiEnergy

trMainconclusions•••Shareofcoalinelectricity

generaShareofrenewablesfelltoabout17%despiterecord

producIn2021,arecord

wassetinelectricity

pr(180.3

TWh,+5.4%

y/y).•••Net

electricity

imports

were

thelowestin5

years(at

0.89

TWh).Availablecapacity

increasedby

3.7GW

(to

53.5GW).Capacity

of

convenespecially

photovoltaics(+3.7GW

y/y).•••••Pace

of

expansion

and

modernisafaceofplannedshutdownsintheconven6Despite

high

CO

prices,

coal-fired

genera2arecord

increaseintheuseofcoal-firedcapacity

andadecreaseintheuseofnaturalgas-firedcapacity.For

the

firstThisresultedinhighexportsandprThe

weighted

average

price

of

CO

in

2021

amounted

to

53.13

euro/t

CO

.

Poland’s

revenue

from

the

sale22of

CO

allowances

wasmorethanPLN25billionin2021.2Naturalgasprices,andinturnalsoelectricity

prices,haverisentorecord

highsacrosstheregion.Generation

capacity7Energy

trAchievablecapacity

in

2021••53.5GW-theachievablecapacityavailableattheendof

2021.Thisis3.7GWmorethanayearearlier.Shareof

renewableenergy

sources(RES)capacityincreasedto31%

(from25%).NATURALGAS3,2GWOTHERINDUSTRIAL0.6GW6,0%1.1%LIGNITE8.4GW15.7%HYDRO1.0GW1.8%PUMPEDSTORAGE1.4GW2.7%8ONSHOREWIND7.0GW13.1%BIOGAS0.3GW0.5%RES16.7GW31.3%BIOMASS0.8GW1.5%HARDCOAL23.1GW43.2%PHOTOVOLTAICS7.7GW14.3%Own

elaboraChangesin

achievablecapacity

in

2021

as

comparedto

2020•••Thedecreaseinhard-coalpowerplantcapacityresultsfromtheshutdownof

12units(twounitseachinthepowerplantsDolnaOdra,Rybnik,Łaziska,Łagisza,Siersza,andStalowaWola).Theincreaseinlignite-firedplantcapacityisduetothecommissioningof

anew496

MWunitattheTurów

powerplant.Thelargestincreaseincapacitywasinrenewableenergy,especiallyinprosumerphotovoltaics.4

000

MW3

000370992

0001

000678311240041260-1

000-1

023-2

000HARDCOALLIGNITENATURALGASOTHERINDUSTRIALPUMPEDSTORAGEHYDROONSHOREWINDBIOGASBIOMASSPHOTOVOLTAICSOwn

elaboraEnergy

trChangesin

achievablecapacity

over

thelastdecade•Convenlastyearto35.3GW.•REScapacityhasquadrupledoverthedecade,from4.1

GWin2012to16.7

GWin2021.60

GW50104030201002012201320142015201620172018201920202021HARDCOALLIGNITENATURALGASOTHERINDUSTRIAL*PUMPEDSTORAGERESOwn

elabora*UnChangesin

achievablerenewable

capacity

over

thelastdecade••At

theendof

2021,16.7

GWwasinstalledasRES,

anincreaseof

4.4GW(+36%

y/y).SolarPVcapacityincreasedby

3.7GW(+94%

y/y),

reaching7.7

GW.

In2021,solarPVcapacitysurpassedthatof

windfarms.•RESdevelopmentin2021

wasmainlydrivenby

therapidlygrowingnumberof

prosumers,andtoalesserextent,by

RESauc18

GW1614121081164202012201320142015201620172018201920202021WATERONSHOREWINDBIOGASBIOMASSPHOTOVOLTAICSOwn

elaboraEnergy

trElectricity

production12Electricityproduction

in

2021•••••72.4%

wastheshareof

coalinelectricitygeneraProducProducProducEnergyproducof

RESinthegeneraNATURALGAS15.3TWh8.5%HYDRO2.3TWh1.3%LIGNITE46.0TWh25.6%13OTHERINDUSTRIAL3.0TWh1.7%ONSHOREWIND16.5TWh9.2%PUMPEDSTORAGE0.8TWh0.4%BIOGAS1.3TWh0.7%RES30.4TWh16.9%BIOMASS4.7TWh2.6%HARDCOAL84.0TWh46.8%BIOMASSCO-FIRING1.8TWh1.0%PHOTOVOLTAICS3.8TWh2.1%Own

elaboraEnergy

trChangesin

electricitygeneration

in

2021

as

comparedto

2020•Producresultof

increasedelectricityexports,

amongotherthings.Thelargescaleof

theincreaseisalsoduetolowproduc••Coal-firedgenerainmorethan10

yearsduetothevery

highpriceof

naturalgas.Amongrenewablesources,electricityproduc(+95%

y/y,

+1.9

TWh),whilebiomassco-firingrecordedthelargestdecline(-18%

y/y).Produc16

000

GWh14

000141240412

00010

0008

0006

0004

0002

00007724186974222454-63-57-96-393-747-2

000HARDCOALLIGNITENATURALGASOTHERINDUSTRIALPUMPEDSTORAGEHYDROONSHOREWINDBIOGASBIOMASSBIOMASSCO-FIRINGPHOTOVOLTAICSOwn

elaboraChangesin

electricitygeneration

over

thelastdecade•Domesandisthefirstincreaseinelectricityproduc•Theincreaseddemandforelectricitymostlyhasbeenmetby

anincreaseincoal-firedcapacitygenera200

TWh180160140120100801560402002012201320142015201620172018201920202021HARDCOALLIGNITENATURALGASOTHERINDUSTRIAL*PUMPEDSTORAGERESOwn

elabora*UnEnergy

trChanges

in

renewable

electricity

generation

overthe

last

decade••In2021,30.4TWh

of

electricitywasgeneratedfromRES,

whichis8.5%morethanin2020.Windpowerwasresponsibleformorethanhalfof

theproducbiomassat15%

andphotovoltaicsat13%.••In10

years,producExcludingPV,

thelargestincreaseinproduc35

TWh302520151051602012201320142015201620172018201920202021WATERONSHOREWINDBIOGASBIOMASSBIOMASSCO-FIRINGPHOTOVOLTAICSOwn

elaboraEnergy

balance17Energy

trBalanceof

domestic

electricityproduction

andconsumption••••ElectricityproducElectricitydemandwasalsoarecord180.3TWh.Netimports

of

electricitywerethelowestin5years.99.5%

of

electricitydemandwasmetby

domes185

TWh1800.89

TWh175181701651601551501452012201320142015201620172018201920202021PRODUCTIONCONSUMPTIONOwn

elaboraGross

consumpCross-border

exchangeof

electricity•In

2021,

electricity

imports

were

15.10

TWh,

while

exports

were

14.21

TWh.

The

balance

of

exchangewithforeignsystemswas0.89TWh.•Electricity

exports

were

the

highest

since

2016,

mainly

due

to

lower

prices

on

the

wholesale

market

inPoland.Thisstemmedfromthelowercostof

electricityproducgasinneighbouringcountries(even

aemissionallowances).225

TWh2015105190.89

TWh02012201320142015201620172018201920202021IMPORTSEXPORTSOwn

elaboraEnergy

trChangein

electricitydemandversusGDP••In2021,GDPgrewby

5.7%andelectricityconsumpThisisthefirstyearinmorethanadecadeinwhichelectricityconsumpGDPgrowth.Thisisduetotheunusualreferenceyear(2020),whichwasthefirstyearof

theCOVID-19pandemic.2012201320142015201620172018201920202021260

TensofbillionsPLN245.9TWh27%22%17%12%7%24022020018016014020180.35.4%5.7%5.1%4.8%4.5%3.9%3.3%2.9%2.4%2.4%1.6%1.3%2.1%1.8%0.5%0.5%0.8%2%12010080-0.7%-3%-2.1%-2.5%CHANGEINELECTRICITYCONSUMPTIONELECTRICITYCONSUMPTIONGDPDYNAMICS(CONSTANTPRICES)GDP(CURRENTPRICES)Own

elaboraChangein

peak

power

demand••Winterpeakpowerdemandin2021

was27.617

GW,

whichwas0.818

GWmorethanin2020.Summerpeakpowerdemandalsoincreased,inthiscaseto24.533GW,

or1.5GWmorethaninthepandemicyear2020.•Theincreaseindemandisrelatedtotheelectrificaandtheincreaseinair-cond30

GW2827.626,.826.423.726.524.12126.223.225.825.525.522.82625.122.3201524.82424.523.02221.821.621.22018201220132014201620172018201920202021SUMMERPERIODMAXIMUMWINTERPERIODMAXIMUMOwn

elaboraEnergy

tr22EmissionsSpecificemissionsof

primaryenergyconsumption••In2020,Polandwasranked6th

intheworldintermsof

carbonintensityof

primaryenergy

consumpThecountrywiththehighestcarbonfactorwasSouthAfrica(3.18

tCO

/toe).

Poland,with22.85tCO

/toe,wasjustbehindChina(2.87tCO

/toe).

Forcomparison,theBr2231%

lessthanPoland(1.97

tCO

/toe)

andtheFrencheconomy56%

less(1.25tCO

/toe).223.5

t

CO

/toe23.02.52.01.51.00.5230.0RSAAustralia

Kazakhstan

VenezuelaChinaPolandMalaysiaGermanyUnitedKingdomFranceOwn

elaboraThe

specific

carbon

intensity

ofprimary

energy

consumpwere

emi2(toe

-

tons

ofoilequivalent,

1toe

≈

41.9GJ).

In

other

words,it

is

the

emissivity

ofenergy

consumpEnergy

trSpecificemissionsof

electricitygeneration•Carbonintensityof

electricityproducof

thehighestintheEuropeanUnion.2/MWhandwasone•Suchahighcarbonintensityhasandwillconimportanceof

thecarbonfootprintinmanufacturingandhighsensof

CO

emissionallowances,amongotherfactors.2900

kgCO

/MWh2800700600500400300200100024IcelandOwn

elaboraStructureof

greenhousegasemissionsin

Poland•••In2020,mostemissionswerefromelectricityandheatgeneraTransportaHouseholdsemTRANSPORT63.6MtCO2eq16.9%INDUSTRY62.0MtCO2eq16.5%AGRICULTURE33.1MtCO2eq8.8%OTHER

ENERGY

USE39.5MtCO2eq10.5%25OTHER51.6MtCO2eq13.7%FUELCOMBUSTIONINHOUSEHOLDS33.5MtCO2eq8.9%WASTEMANAGEMENT12.1MtCO2eq3.2%ELECTRICITYANDHEATPRODUCTION132.0MtCO2eq35.1%Own

elaboraEnergy

trChangesin

greenhousegasemissionsin

Poland•AccordingtoForumEnergiies397

milliontonnesof

CO

equivalent,mainlyintransportandelectricityproduc2•Land

use,landusechangeandforestry(LULUCF)wasresponsibleforabsorbingabout15

milliontonnesof

CO2eq.550

MtCO2eq50045040035030025020015010050-17%-2%260911391949151971902210203250207028209201210321052107201920021NETPOLANDNETPOLAND(FORUMENERGIIESTIMATE)POLANDPOLAND(FORUMENERGIIESTIMATE)Own

elabora2,methane,

nitrous

oxide.Net

greenhouse

gas

emissionislowerthan

grossemissionbecause

ittakes

intoaccountnotonly

greenhouse

gases

released

intothe

atmosphere,

but

also

thoseabsorbed

bytrees,

peatlands,

or

soil

(LULUCF–

Land

Use,

Land

Use

Change

and

Forestry).Changesin

greenhousegasemissionsfrom

electricityandheat

production•In2021,

emissions

from

powerand

CHPplants

areesto

140

million

tonnesof

CO

.2eq•No

significantchanges

in

emissions

from

the

hea220

MtCO2eq20018016014012010080-25%-11%276040-76%-24%200911391949151971920210203250207028209201210321052107201920021HEATINGPLANTSHEATINGPLANTS(FORUMENERGIIESTIMATE)POWERPLANTSANDCHPPOWERPLANTSANDCHP(FORUMENERGIIESTIMATE)Own

elabora,methane,

nitrous

oxide.2Energy

trEmissionsfrom

electricityandheat

production,

byfuel•Hardcoalwasresponsiblefor62%

of

greenhousegasemissionsfromthepowerindustryin2021(93

milliontonnesCO

,+18%

y/y).2••Lignitewasresponsiblefor31%

of

emissions(7milliontonnesCO

,+18%

y/y).2Theproduc10

milliontonnesof

CO

(-4.7%

y/y).2180

MtCO2160140120100802860402002012201320142015201620172018201920202021NATURALGASSTEAMCOALLIGNITEOwn

elabora2.Carbon

dioxideemissionscovered

bytheETS•Poland’stotalCO

emissionsin2020were374

milliontonnes;46%wascoveredby

theEuropeanEmissionsTrading

System(EU

ETS).2•Amongcommercialpowerplantsandcombinedheatandpowerplants,116

milliontonnesof

CO(88%of

allemissionsfromthissector)werecoveredby

theETS.

Forheatplants,thefigureis57%,2with6milliontonnesof

CO

coveredby

theETS

in2020.2•81%

of

industrywascoveredby

theETS

-50milliontonsof

CO

.2COMMERCIALPOWERPLANTSANDCHPHEATINGPLANTSINDUSTRY2916MtCO4MtCO243%12MtCO219%212%116MtCO288%6MtCO257%50MtCO81%2ETSNON-ETSOwn

elaboraEnergy

trCO

emissionallowanceprices;

Poland’sincomefrom

theirsale2•80.64

euro/t

CO

wastheweightedaveragepriceof

CO

emissionallowancesontheprimarymarket(EEX,attheendof

2021).22••AdynamicincreaseinEUA

priceswasobservedin2021

by

51

euro/t

CO

(+272%

y/y).2ThePolishbudgetgainedPLN25.56blnfromaucThisisPLN11.5

billionmorethanin2020.emissionallowances(EUA

andEUAA).2•PLN60.37billion–totalbudgetrevenueinPoland’s10

yearsof

acmarket.290

Euro/tCO2billionPLN

30807060504030201002520151053002012201320142015201620172018201920202021POLAND'SREVENUEWEIGHTEDAVERAGEPRICEOFCO

EMISSIONALLOWANCES2Own

elaboraElectricity

prices31Energy

trComparison

of

SPOT

electricityprices

in

neighbouringmarkets•••At

theendof

2021,forthefirsthehighestintheregion.OnlyinSwedeninthesecondhalfof

theyearwasitcheaper.Thepost-pandemicreboundhaspushednaturalgaspricestorecordlevels,affecof

electricityinmanyEuropeanUnioncountries.Despitethehighpricesof

CO

emissionallowances,thecostof

electricityproduc2lowerthaninforeignones.Thisresultedinthehighestelectricityexports

inyears.200

Euro/MWh180160140120100803260402002012201320142015201620172018201920202021POLANDSWEDENLITHUANIAGERMANYCZECHIASLOVAKIAOwn

elaboraComparison

of

electricityprices

in

neighbouringmarkets–prices

for

households•••Foryears,electricitypricesforhouseholdsinPolandhave

beenamongthelowestof

theneighbouringcountries.Includingalltaxesandlevies,thepriceof

electricityinPolandinthethirdquarterof

2021

was15.3eurocents/kWh.Thepriceof

electricityforhouseholdsisshapedby

manyfactors,mostnotablygovernmenttax

andregulatorypolicies.Itisnotasimplereflec35

Eurocents/kWh302520151053302012201320142015201620172018201920202021POLANDSWEDENLITHUANIAGERMANYCZECHIASLOVAKIAOwn

elaboraEnergy

trComparison

of

electricityprices

in

neighbouringmarkets-industrialprices•Awas10.79

eurocents/kWh.20

Eurocents/kWh181614121083464202012201320142015201620172018201920202021POLANDSWEDENLITHUANIAGERMANYCZECHIASLOVAKIAOwn

elaboraPower

sector

fuels*35*Most

data

ends

in

2020

due

tothe

latepublicaEnergy

trTrade

balanceof

steamcoal••In2020,steamcoalimports

totalled11

milliontonnes-2.2

milliontonneslessthanin2019.82%

of

importedsteamcoalcamefromRussia.OtherimportdesKazakhstan(8%),

andAustralia(1%).•In2020,2milliontonnesof

steamcoalwereexported.ThemaincustomerswereCzechia(59%),Slovakia(11%),

Germany(11%),

andAustria(9%).20

milliontonnes1510536020112012201320142015201620172018201920200-5-10IMPORTS:EXPORTS:RUSSIACZECHIACOLOMBIASLOVAKIAKAZAKHSTANGERMANYAUSTRALIAAUSTRIAOTHEROTHEROwn

elaboraHardcoalbalancein

Poland••In2020,bothcoalproducConsumpproduc(4.1

milliontonnesless).••Incontrasttopreviousyears,domesconsumpInpreviousyears(2018

and2019),

coal(mostlydomes90

milliontonnes8070605040302010037-102011201220132014201520162017201820192020MININGNETIMPORTSINCREASEININVENTORIESCONSUMPTIONOwn

elaboraEnergy

trDomestichardcoalproduction••55

milliontonnesof

hardcoalwasmineddomesComparedtolastyear,

produc90

milliontonnes807060504030201055.03802012201320142015201620172018201920202021STEAMCOALHARDCOKINGCOALHARDCOALOwn

elaboraTrade

balanceof

naturalgas••In2020,naturalgasimports

(bothpipelineandLNG)totalled17.4

bcm,thesameasinthepreviousyear.About55%

of

theimportednaturalgascamefromRussia.Otherimportdes(21%),

Qatar(13%),

andtheUSA(6%).••In2020,1.4bcmof

naturalgaswasexported.PracTheremaining2%of

exportedgaswenttoGermany.LNGimports

accountedfor22%(3.8bcmaThemainsupplierswereQatar(60%)andtheUSA(26%).24

bcm2016128394020110201220132014201520162017201820192020-4IMPORTS:EXPORTS:RUSSIAGERMANYOTHERQATARUSAOTHERUKRAINEOwn

elaboraEnergy

trNaturalgasbalancein

Poland•In2020,theupwardtrendinnaturalgasconsumpfortheincrease.Nitrogen-richnaturalgasconsump••Total

naturalgasconsumpTheincreasedconsump(whichfellby

0.6bcmto15.5bcm),

soinventorieshadtobereducedby

0.5bcmtoclosethebalance.24

bcm20161284040-22011201220132014201520162017201820192020MININGYIELDFROMTRANSFORMATIONOUTPUTORRETURNSNETIMPORTSINCREASEININVENTORIESCONSUMPTIONOwn

elaboraNitrogen-richnatural

gas

hasbeen

converted

tothe

equivalent

ofhigh-methanenatural

gas.Domesticnaturalgasproduction•Domes62%

comingfromminigandtheremaining38%fromtransforma•Domes3.7bcmwereproduced,with96%

comingfromminingand4%

fromtransforma4.5

bcm4.03.5413.02.52.01.51.00.502011201220132014201520162017201820192020MINING(HIGH-METHANE)MINING(NITROGEN-RICH)YIELDFROMTRANSFORMATIONOUTPUTORRETURNS(HIGHMETHANE)YIELDFROMTRANSFORMATIONOUTPUTORRETURNS(NITROGEN-RICH)Own

elaboraEnergy

trShareof

importsof

energyresourcesfrom

Russia•••In2020,theenergy

resourcePolandimportedthemostfromRussiawasoil(64%).Thesmallestshareof

energy

imports

fromRussiawasrecordedinhardcoal(15%).Abouthalfof

thenaturalgas(47%)

camefromRussia.NATURALGASOILCRUDE3%HARDCOAL13%15%426%47%33%64%79%40%IMPORTFROMRUSSIAIMPORTSFROMOTHERCOUNTRIESOWNPRODUCTIONOwn

elaboraStructureof

primaryenergyconsumption•••45%

of

theenergy

consumedinPolandcomesfromcoal:36%

fromhardcoaland9%fromlignite.88%of

finalenergy

consumpRenewablesourcesprovided7%of

energy,withasmuchas5%

frombiomass(wood).Water

energy,photovoltaic,windenergy,geothermal,andambientheatcovered2%of

energy

needs.•Overthedecade,thereisadecreaseintheshareof

coal(-8

p.p.),

anincreaseintheshareof

oil(+3

p.p.)andnaturalgas(+5

p.p.).Theshareof

woodremainsstable.20205000

PJ45004000350030002500200015001000500WOOD201PJ5%OTHER202PJ5%43OTHERRENEWABLESOURCES84PJHARDCOAL2%1517PJ36%GAZZIEMNY727PJ17%02011201220132014201520162017201820192020CRUDEOIL1109PJ26%LIGNITE370PJ9%HARDCOALCRUDEOILLIGNITENATURALGASWOODOTHERRENEWABLESOURCESOTHEROwn

elaboraEnergy

trStructureof

naturalgasconsumption•••Thelargestconsumerof

gasinPoland