高一英语期末复习资料

志翔教育学在苦中求，勤中练；不怕学问浅，怕志短！Greatworksareperformednotbystrength,butbyperseverance.完成伟大的事业不在于体力，而在于坚韧不拔的毅力DoraXin高一英语复习资料目录:第01章名词第02章主谓一致第03章动词时态第04章被动语态第05章非谓语动词第06章名词性从句第07章定语从句第08章状语从句期末复习计划安排专题复习重点建议时间名词名词复数、名词辨析1.5h主谓一致就近、就远原则1h时态各时态标志词、现在完成时、过去完成时3h被动语态被动语态与时态混合考、主动表被动、get/have+done2h非谓语动词动名词、不定式、过去分词、现在分词1h名词性从句It做形式主语、宾语，whether/if、which/that用法区别，2h定语从句非限制定语从句、which/that用法区别2h状语从句结果、条件、目的、方式2h名词练习写出下列词语的复数1、orange2、class3、sheep4、monkey5、piano1、orange2、class3、sheep4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family11、toy12、footJapanese14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife三、名词综合1、Thereisgood_________foryou.I'vefoundyourlostwatch.[广东省]A.news B.ideas C.messages D.thoughts2、Myunclewillcometomyhousefordinner．Iwanttobuysome___tomakeavegetablesaladforhim．[济宁]A．meat B．tomatoes C．applejuice3、——Wouldyouliketohavealookatsomepants?Theymayfityouwell．一Well，I'dliketotrythoseblue__________.[黄冈]A．pairs B．one C．pant D．pair4、―Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?[河北]―Yes,

,please.

A.someoranges

B.twoboxesofchocolates

C.somecakes

D.twobottlesoforange5、

excitingnews!Wewillhave

longholidayaftertheexam.

[黄冈]A.Whatan,a

B.What,a

C.Howan,the

D.How,the

6、_________fathersarebothscientists．[咸宁]A．Jim'sandBob B．Jim'sandBob'sC．JimandBob'sD．JimandBob7、_____roomisbigandbright．Theylikeitverymuch．[河北]A．TomandSamB．Tom'sfindSamC．TomandSam'sD．Tom'sandSam's8、Look,thetallbuildinglooksverymodern.Yes,andthereisagardenonits___________.Agardenintheair![河南省]A.top B.ground C.side D.floor9、一HowcanItellonetreefromanother?一Youcanmostlytellthembythe_________oftheirleaves．[07武汉市]A．shape Bsize C．age Dcolor10、Oh!Thereisn'tenough_________forusinthebus.Nohurry.Let'swaitforthenext.[昆明市]A.seat B.land C.room D.floor1-5ABADB6-10BCAAC第二章主谓一致主谓一致(Subject-VerbAgreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.可分为:语法一致,内容一致,就近一致.(一)语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数.以下为注意事项:1.单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数.如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.空气和水都是物质.Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。2.用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数.如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具.(两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数.Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5.eachof+复数代词,谓语动词用单数.复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数.如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说。6.若主语中有morethanone或manya/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语动词仍用复数.如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球.Morethanonestudentwaslate.不只一个学生迟到Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。7.none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.如:Noneofusare(is)perfect.人无完人。Noneofthisworriesme.这事一点不使我着急。8.名词如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.如:Hisclothesaregood.但这些名词前若出现apairof,谓语一般用单数.如:Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼镜。9.形复意单名词如:news;以ics结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics,economics;国名如:theUnitedStates;报纸名如:theNewTimes;书名如:ArabianNight<天方夜谈>;以及TheUnitedNations<联合国>等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。10.“a+名词+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名词”,“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.参观了一两个地点。(二)内容一致原则:1.主语中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.剩下的自行车，今天出售。60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Mostoftheappleswererotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2.不定数量的词组,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科书已运到。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3.加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteenminusfiveisten.15减去5等于10。4.表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们做为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数.如:Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一个相当的距离。5.(1)通常作复数的集体名词.包括police,people,cattle等,这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词.包括audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public等.如:Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委员会决定解雇他。6.the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.(三)就近原则1.由here,there,where等引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Herecomesthebus公共汽车来了.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?你不在这儿的时候,你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2.用连词or,eitheror,neither….nor,notonly….butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit学生和老师都不知道这事.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意:oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词为复数。如：Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。Theonlyoneof+复数名词+who/that./which引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。主谓一致练习1.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are/isB.are/areC.is/areD.are2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofage3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.A.areB.hasC.haveD.is5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.be6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.isB.areC.wasD.has7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech8."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleftC.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.are13.Youaswell_____right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was15.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed17.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.A.waseaten/wereB.wereeaten/wasC.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/was20.Thispairofshoes_____.A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areher21.There______nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehillA.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleavesC.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafs23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattles24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagree25.Theboyandthegirleach______toys.A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherown26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe______writerswho______storiesforchildren.A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwrite27.Therailwaystationis______fromourschool.A.twohour`sdriveB.twohours`driveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdrive28.MikeandJohn`s______.A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachersC.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher29.Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat______undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occur30._______theclassroomneedstobecleaned.A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandD.Theofficeand31.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished32.Morethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes______inEngland.A.isB.wasC.areD.be33.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople`slivingstandardA.AgreatdealofB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Many答案：1-5BDDDB6-10ABACD11-15ACDAB16-20DBCDB21-25CACBA26-30CBACA31-33CCA第三章动词时态（详见学案）第四章被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught一般过去时：was／were＋taught一般将来时：will／shallbe＋taught现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋taught过去进行时：have／hasbeen＋taught现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋taught记忆歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。注意：区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语；当“be+过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例如:Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯碎了。(系表结构)Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。(被动语态)2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。如：ThemagazineispublishedinShanghai.这家杂志出版于上海。(被动语态)Thedoorislocked.门锁着。(系表结构)Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.门已经/刚刚被锁上。(被动语态)Theshopisopened.这家商店开门了。(系表结构)Theshopisopenedat8a.m.everyday.这家商店每天上午八点开门。(被动语态)3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。三、被动语态的用法1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：1)Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)2)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。2强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：1)Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。2)Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。记忆歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：1)Allthepeoplelaughedathim.=Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.2)Theymakethebikesinthefactory.=Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.记忆歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。记忆歌诀：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：1)Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.=Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.2)Yououghttotakeitaway.=Itoughttobetakenaway.3)Theyshoulddoitatonce.=Itshouldbedoneatonce动词时态、语态强化训练题1.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You＿＿yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadworn B.wore C.werewearing D.arewearing2.—We＿＿thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.—I’msorry.I＿＿to,butI’vebeentoobusy.A.hadexpected；hadintended B.areexpecting；hadintendedC.expect；intend D.expected；intend3.Hewillstopshowingoff,ifnonotice＿＿ofhim.A.istaken B.willbetaken C.takes D.hastaken4.—Itissaidthatanothernewcarfactory＿＿now.—Yeah.It＿＿oneandahalfyears.A.isbuilding；takesB.isbeingbuilt；willtakeC.isbuilt；willtakeD.isbeingbuilt；takes5.—I’msorry,butIshouldn’thavebeensorudetoyou.—You＿＿yourtemperbutthat’sOK.A.havelost B.hadlost C.didlose D.werelosing6.—Why?Tom,yourshirtissodirty!—Mum,I＿＿mystoreroomdownstairs。A.cleaned B.haveworked C.wascleaning D.havebeencleaning7.Theywon’tbuynewclothesbecausethey＿＿moneytobuyacolorTVset.A.saveB.aresavingC.hassavedD.weresaving8.Goodheavens!Thereyouare!We＿＿anxiousaboutyou,andwe＿＿youbackthroughoutthenight.A.are；expect B.were；hadexpectedC.havebeen；wereexpecting D.are；wereexpecting9.I’vefinallyfinishedmypaperandit＿＿meanentiremonth.A.takes B.took C.wastaken D.hadtaken10.Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit＿＿evenbetter.A.gets B.got C.hasgot D.isgetting11.—HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet?—Ihavenoidea；he＿＿itthismorning.A.wasdoing B.hadbeendoing C.hasdone D.did12.—Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.—I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI＿＿myguestsinmyoffice.A.isbeingmet B.willmeet C.willbemeeting D.willhavemet13.—Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.—Really?Where＿＿?A.hasshebeen B.hadshebeen C.hasshegone D.hadshegone14.JohnandI＿＿friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe＿＿eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen；havemet B.havebeen；havemetC.hadbeen；hadmet D.havebeen；hadmet15.I＿＿ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplay B.haveplayed C.played D.play16.I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I＿＿mymum.A.take B.amtaking C.havetaken D.willhavetaken17.—Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?—I’msorryI＿＿anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsaying B.don’tsay C.won’tsay D.didn’tsay18.—Where＿＿?—Igotstuckintheheavytraffic.I＿＿hereearlier.A.didyougo；hadarrived B.haveyoubeen；wouldhavebeenC.wereyou；wouldcome D.areyou；was19.IknowMrBrown；we＿＿toeachotherataninternationalconference.A.areintroduced B.havebeenintroducedC.wereintroduced D.hadbeenintroduced20.—Wheredoyouthink＿＿he＿＿thecomputer?—Sorry.Ihavenoidea.A.has；bought B.／；bought C.did；buy D.had；bought21.—I＿＿toaparty,butI’vegotnothingtowear.—Whydon’tyouhaveadressmadefortheparty?A.wasasked B.willask C.haveasked D.havebeenasked22.Ididn’tlikeAuntLucy,who＿＿withoutwarningandbringinguspresents.A.alwaysturnedup B.hasalwaysturnedupC.wasalwaysturningup D.wasalwaysturnedup23.—WhatdoyouthinkofthiskindofTVset,which＿＿inShanghai?—Well,Idon’tcaresuchthings.A.wasmade B.ismade C.hasbeenmade D.hadbeenmade24.—Tom,didMr.Lijoinyouinyourdiscussion?—No,he＿＿,buthehappenedtohavefallenill.A.wouldliketo B.will C.wastohave D.wasgoingtojoin25.—Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?—Idon’tthinkso.He＿＿totheradiowithhiseyesshut.A.listened B.waslistening C.haslistened D.hadlistened26.Theplane＿＿at7:00p.m.,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.A.hasleft B.istoleave C.willhaveleft D.leaves27.Thetrain＿＿＿＿＿atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainataboutnineo’clocktonight.A.went B.isgoing C.goes D.willbegoing28.Lookatthis!I＿＿somemagazinesand＿＿thisletter.A.waslookingthrough；found B.amlookingthrough；findC.lookedthrough；hadfound D.hadlookedthrough；finding29.—＿＿you＿＿theeditorattheairport?—No,he＿＿awaybeforemyarrival.A.Have...met；hasdriven B.Had...met；wasdrivenC.Did...meet；hadbeendriven D.Have...met；haddriven30.—Canyougivemetherightanswer?—Sorry,I＿＿.Wouldyourepeatthatquestion?1~20:DAABCDBCBDACBDDBDBCB21~30:DCBCBDDACD第五章非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词:a.动词不定式b.动名词c.分词(现在分词过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态和被动形动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：一般式todo例如：IliketoreadEnglish.进行式tobedoing例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.完成式tohavedone例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.被动式tobedone例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.完成被动式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.二.动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性质的）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常见动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted_toget___(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished__tobe____(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.We

thought

_it__

better

__to_

start

early.2.Do

you

consider

_it__

better

not

_to_

go?3.

I

feel

_it_

my

duty

_to_

change

all

that.4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过trytodo企图做，尽力做trydoing试着做goontodo继续做（另一件事）goondoing继续做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_A______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforget_D____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped__C_____onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRemember_A______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不带to的不定式Ihavenochoicebut__towait_____.（wait）“前有do,后无to”Ican’tdoanythingbut_go______(go)outwithher.III.作宾语补足语1.I’ll

get

someone

_to__

repair

the

recorder

for

you.2.What

caused

him

_to__

change

his

mind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish

,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：（1）在动词feel（一感），hear,listento（二听），have,let,make（三让），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenheard_tosing_______(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_cry_____(cry),todayhewasmade__tocry__(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV．作定语

Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall___A____.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____A___?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit

C.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopentowritewith（写）V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.对比TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,agooddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.动名词一.动名词的基本构成

主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.动名词的功用⑴Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople’shealth.（作主语）⑵Myjobislookingafterchildren.（作表语）⑶Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.（作宾语）⑷Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.（做定语）①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting常见的动词有：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keep(on),mind,,practice,miss,resist.短语:be/getusedto,can’thelp/stop,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoffe.g.①Shesattherewithout_speaking____(speak)②Ilookforwardto_seeing____(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto_live____(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp_laughing____(laugh).⑤Idon’tfeellike_going____(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy_preparing___(prepare)hislessons主动表被动:①Theroomwants_cleaning____(clean).②Themethodneeds_improving__(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire__mending___(mend).④Theproblemneeds_workingout_(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth_discussing____(discuss)d）动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在should,would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例如：Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewyearbetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.b.在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如：Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.分词分词的作用现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。1．作定语Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?HaveyoureadthebookwrittenbyLuXun？2．作表语Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3．作宾语补足语Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.4．作状语Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.(Whentheyheardthebadnews)3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.(Becausehewassoangry)Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)（二）分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Knowinghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.（三）现在分词的被动式被动一般式beingdone被动完成式havingbeendoneThisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.（四）分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.