《英语修辞手法》

FiguresofSpeech英语修辞1精选版pptFiguresofspeech(修辞)arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.2精选版pptCommonformsoffiguresofspeech1.simile2.metaphor3.personification4.metonymy5.synecdoche6.irony7.epigram(paradox)8.repetition9.antithesis10.parallelism11.euphemism12.transferredepithet13.oxymoron14.alliteration15.hyperbole16.litotes17.anti-climax18.assonance19.periodicsentence20.rhetoricalquestion21.onomatopoeia

22.pun23.antonomasia24.analogy3精选版ppt1.Simile(明喻)acomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon1.用likeThewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.

4精选版ppt2、

用as表示Everytreeandeverybranchwasencrustedwithbrightanddelicatehoarfrost,whiteandpure,assnow,delicateanddefinedascarvedivory.

Hisfacewasasgreyasashes.Asthelioniskingofbeasts,soistheeaglekingofbirds.

3、

用what表示

Whatlightistotheeyeknowledgeistothemind.

Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.

Judiciouspraiseistothechildrenwhatthesunistoflowers.5精选版ppt2.Metaphor(暗喻)acomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstatedSnowclothes

theground.Theshipploughedthesea.Alltheworldisastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers....Theboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.Heswambravelyagainstthetideofpopularapplause.main

artery

oftransportationintheyoungnation'sheart6精选版ppt3.Personification(拟人)afigurethatendowsobjects,animals,ideas,orabstractionswithhumanform,character,orsensibility

Life

dealthimprofoundpersonaltragedies...theriverhadacquaintedhimwith......toliterature'senduringgratitude...Bitternessfedontheman...America

laughedwithhim.TheMiddleEasterbazaartakesyou...Thewindowwinkedatme.

dancingflashes7精选版ppt4.Metonymy(换喻)(借代）afigureofspeechthatconsistsinusingthenameofonethingforthatofsomethingelsewithwhichitisassociatedInJapanthereisanincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.heart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reason8精选版pptMetonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:

a.NamesofpersonsUncleSam:theUSA

b.Animalsthebear:theSovietUnionthedragon:theChinese(afightbetweenthebearandthedragon)c.Partsofthebodyheart:feelingsandemotionshead,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasonShewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.greyhair:oldage

9精选版pptd.Profession:

thepress:newspapers,reportersetc.HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.thebar:thelegalprofessione.locationofgovernment,businessetc.DowningStreet:theBritishGovernmenttheWhiteHouse:theUSpresidentandhisgovernmenttheCapitolHill:USCongressWallStreet:USfinancialcirclesHollywood:Americanfilmmakingindustry10精选版pptLet’sgotobednow.(bed---sleeping)Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.(cradle---birth,grave---death)Hispenwouldprovemightierthanhispickax.11精选版ppt5.Synecdoche(提喻)withpartrepresentingthewholeorviseversaTwoheadsarebetterthanone.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Thefootballmatchwasaclosecontest.Intheend,Chinawon.Theworldknowshisworth.Thecitypostedasign,whichturnedouttobeverycontroversial.12精选版ppt6.Irony(反语)afigureofspeechinwhichthemeaningliterallyexpressedistheoppositeofthemeaningintendedandwhichaimsatridicule,humourorsarcasmHiroshima---theLiveliestCityinJapanEachdayofsufferingthathelpstofreemefromearthlycarescongratulatemyselfonthegoodfortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtmemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcentury13精选版ppt7.Epigram(paradox)(警句)(隽语）abrief,pointedsayingthathasthenatureofaproverbThebestepigramsarethoseinwhichthereisanapparentcontradictionbetweentheintendedmeaningandtheformoftheexpression.Likeantithesis,epigramisbasedoncontrast.Businessisbusiness.(Friendshipisfriendship.)14精选版pptHomeishome,beiteversohomely.(EastorWest,homeisbest.)Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.IgnoranceisthecurseofGod,knowledgethewingwherewithweflytoheaven.Thedayhaseyes,thenighthasears.Asnowyear,arichyear.Wordsarewomen,deedsaremen.Onehastobecrueltobekind.Warispeace.Freedomisslavery.Ignoranceisstrength.Morehaste,lessspeed.15精选版pptHowyoungaretheold?Thechildisfatheroftheman.(Wordsworth)Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.Themoreyougive,themoreyouhave.多施多得。Amanwhoisfullofhimselfisempty.(Donne)16精选版ppt8.Repetition(重复)Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurposenothingwillturnus---nothingWewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclarationasweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly17精选版ppt9.Antithesis(对偶)thedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasisManyarecalled,butfewarechosen.Speechissilver;silenceisgolden.Manproposes,Goddisposes.Deedsshowwhatweare,words,whatweshouldbe....

betweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare......aworldwhichwilllamentthemadayandforgetthemforever18精选版ppt10.Parallelism(排比)useofparallelpartsofrelevantmeaningsandsimilarstructurestoemphasizeorrenderdepthtothenarrationThepast,withitscrimes,itsfollies,anditstragedies...Isee,...Isee...thereturnofthebread-winner,oftheirchampion,oftheirprotectorWeshallfighthimbyland,weshallfighthimbysea,weshallfighthimintheair19精选版ppt11.Euphemism(委婉语)thesubstitutionofanagreeableorin-offensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggeststhunpleasantHewassentencedtoprison---Heisnowlivingatthegovernment'sexpenses.Hecommentedwithacrushingsenseofdespaironmen'sfinalreleasefromearthlystruggle.Theboyisabitslowforhisage.20精选版ppt12.Transferredepithet(移就)anadjectiveusedtolimitanounwhichitcannotlogicallymodifyIspentsleeplessnightsonmyproject.TheU.S.hasnowsetupalonelinessindustry.Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderas…Hemadehimselfaprofoundlybadcupoftea.Instantlyfromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.21精选版ppt13.Oxymoron(矛盾修辞)formedbyconjoiningoftwocontrastingtermsMalonecalledmyconvictiona"victoriousdefeat".bittersweetmemoriesproudhumilityorderlychaosadamnedsaint22精选版pptcruelkindness害人不浅的仁慈（残忍的仁慈）laboriousidleness令人腻烦的闲散（辛苦的闲散）painfulpleasure悲喜交集（痛苦的喜悦）

23精选版pptTheparentaldisciplinecanbedescribedascruelkindness.Sheisacleverfool.Heisacheerfulpessimist.Hewaspuzzledathercruelkindness.24精选版pptIt(NewYork)hasthepoorestmillionaires,thelittlestgreatmen,thehaughtiestbeggars,theplainestbeauties,thelowestskyscrapers,thedolefulestpleasuresofanytownIeversaw.(O.Henry:TheDuel)心灵最空虚的百万富翁（最贫困的百万富翁）人格最渺小的伟人（最矮小的伟人）最目空一切的草包（最目空一切的乞丐）最使人瞧不上眼的美女（最普通的美女）最卑鄙龌龊的摩天大楼（最低矮的摩天大楼）最令人悲哀的娱乐（最令人悲哀的欢乐）25精选版ppt14.Alliteration

orfrontrhyme(首字母押韵)therepetitionofaninitialsoundthatisusu.aconsonantintwoormoreneighbouringwordssliptoastoptestedandtreated...theslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothstayed

athomeSpeechissilver;silenceisgolden.26精选版ppt15.Hyperbole(夸张)adeviceofcomparisonusingexaggerationorobviousoverstatementforcomicordramaticeffect.

takesyou...hundredseventhousandsofyearsinnumerablelampsincrediblyyoungwiththedustofcenturies:...cruisethrougheternal

boyhoodand...endlesssummeroffreedom...Thecastofcharacters…---acosmos.27精选版pptThebagweighed

aton.Youcannotcarryitwithyou.They

murderedusatthenegotiatingsession.Ihaveaseaofsentimentsandaworldofwordstospeaktohim,butfailtotellthemwithmypoorpen.28精选版ppt16.Litotes

orrhetoricalunderstatement(含蓄表达)theoppositeofhyperbole,whichcontainsanunderstatementforemphasis,frequentlywithanegativeassertion,oftenusedwithironicalintentionsIshan’tbesorrywhenit’sover.(Ishallbeveryglad…)It’snolaughingmatter.(It’sveryserious.)Heisnomeanscholar.(He’sagoodscholar.)Wearenotunpreparedforthewar.29精选版ppt17.anti-climax

(突降法)thesuddenappearanceofanabsurdortrivialideafollowingaserioussignificantideasandsuspensions.Thisdeviceisusu.aimedatcreatingcomicorhumorouseffects.

atownknownthroughouttheworldforits---oystersThedutiesofasoldieraretoprotecthiscountryandpeelpotatoes.

30精选版ppt18.Assonance(押尾韵)theuseofthesameorrelated,vowelsoundsinsuccessivewords

clanking,heel-clicking,…cowingandtying...ploddingonlikecrawlinglocusts,...smartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping...easierandsaferpreywhenbigotslightedfaggotstoburn...31精选版ppt19.periodicsentence(掉尾句)(圆周句）toleavethemostimportantpartattheendofthesentencesoastokeeptheaudienceinsuspense

Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofafortunemustbeinwantofawife.WhenIawokeon...invasionofRussia.IfHitlerimaginesthat...woefullymistaken.AnymanorstatewhofightsonagainstNazidomwillhaveouraid.AnymanorstatewhomarcheswithHitlerisourfoe.32精选版ppt20.Rhetoricalquestion(修辞问句)aquestionthatneedsnoanswer,butusedforemphasisWasInotatthesceneofthecrime?…butcanyoudoubtwhatourpolicywillbe?33精选版ppt21.Onomatopoeia(拟声词)wordsimitatingthesoundsassociatedwiththethingconcernedThepatientgroaned

ashewasliftedontothestretcher.Thehingeofthedoorneedsoiling,itcreaks

everytimeitisopened.Thetickingoftheclockwastheonlysoundthatgreetedhim,fornotasoulremained.…withitsclanking,heel-clicking,dandifiedPrussianofficers,…Iamhungry,mystomachisrumbling.34精选版ppt22.Pun(双关语)aplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwordsDarwinisright---inside.Sevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.A:Whyareparliamentaryreportscalled“BlueBooks”?B:Becausetheyareneverred(read).A:Whatisthemostcontradictorysignseeninthelibrary?B:Tospeakaloudisnotallowed(aloud).35精选版ppt23.Antonomasia换称与借代、典故相似，但它所使用的专用名词却常涉及历史上或文学作品中的著名人物与事件。1.用专名词代替普通名词(1)Soloman,Zhugeliang---awiseman(2)Judas---atraitor(3)UncleTom---aNegrowhocompromisesandconformswiththeWhites(4)JimGrow---blackpeople(5)Romeo---love情郎36精选版pptItmaybecalledtheWestLakeofourprovince.I’