听力和阅读专项训练 高三英语一轮复习

第第页英语高考专项训练二听力与阅读高考听力必备答题技能：作为英语学习基本技能之一的“听力”，在高考中具有不可忽视的地位。高考英语听力要求考生听懂人们日常生活交际中所进行的简短对话和独白。对此，考生需要达到以下几项要求：理解主旨要义：这要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，理解说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳和概括。获取事实性的具体信息：它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间排序、比较筛选、同义转换等。对所听内容做出简单推断：它要求我们从对话或独白的话题和语气中来推断出对话双方(或说话人)的职业或身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。理解说话者的意图、观点或态度：它要求我们从话语中听出“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度。分类归纳技巧：事实细节类听力：（时间与地点）【例题】Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?inarestaurantB.inanofficeC.Athome【原文】W:Ok，timeto.M:Ican’t,becauseIhaven’tfinishedtheaboutthenewlyopened.W:Well,ifyoucarryonlikethat,you’llmakeyourselfill.【解析】根据关键词判断，理解句意。方法点睛设问方式wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?wheredidithappen?whereis...?whatkindofstoreisshegoingto?关键词汇Bank:account,cash,check,savingsSchool:campus,dorm,grades,lecture,paper,exam,playground,etc.Restaurant:menu,soup,drink,order,billAirport/Station:train,timetable,takeoff,passenger,flight,seat,ticketPostoffice:parcel,package,stamp,postage,letter,airmailHospital:cold,fever,pain,cough,trouble,temperature,doctor,patient考点突破地点类一般选项由介词加地点构成，有些地点文中会直接提到，有些则需要根据内容去判断，一般直接提到的为弃选项。听下面五段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选择一个最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary B.Inabank C.InapolicestationWherewillthespeakersprobablybethisevening? A.Inabar B.Atacinema C.AthomeWherearethetwospeakersatthemoment? A.Inapark B.Athome C.InacanteenWheredoesLukelive? A.Inthesuburb B.Inthecitycenter C.NexttothemanWhereisthebank? A.TotheeastofthesubwaystationB.TothenorthofthesubwaystationC.Tothewestofthesubwaystation阅读理解答题技巧梳理：高考英语阅读理解是高考必考题型之一，分值大，阅读量大，是高考的一个重难点，新课标高考分为两节，第一节是单项选择，第二节是“七选五”型阅读理解题。一．《新课标》要求1.学会使用3500个左右的单词、400-500个合成词与派生词和400-500个习惯用语或固定搭配；2.除教材外，课外阅读量应累积达到30万词以上，换言之，长度300词左右的文段1000篇；3.能通过分析句子的结构理解难句和长句(能理解语言结构有一定难度或有一定新语言现象的文段)；4.能根据阅读目的和文段的不同，调整阅读速度和阅读方法，阅读速度每分钟70-80词。二.文章特点：高考英语考试中阅读理解语篇题材、体裁的多样化，文章一般有这样几种文体，有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等多种体裁，题材涉及到社会生活、政治、经济、文化、人物、故事、历史、新闻、广告、科普等，贴近现代生活，有很强的时代感。）三.题目分析：从近几年高考英语试题来看,阅读理解多项选择题主要有以下几种题型:主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、观点态度题、判断推理题等。下面试就上述主要题型的答题技巧与策略谈谈自己的看法。从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问：1．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?2．WhatdoestheauthormainlytellUSaboutinthepassage?3．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?5．Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat?6．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?7．Whatisthegeneralidea/mainideaofthetext?8.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson?9.Whatisthemainsubjectdiscussedinthetext?10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat?11.Itcanbeinferredfromthattheauthorseemsto?12.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext/forthearticle?13.Thebesttitleforthispassageis?14.Whatcanweinferfromthelast/thefirsttwoparagraphs?15.Themeaningoftheword/sentenceinParagraphXisrelatedto?16.InParagraphX,"XXX"canbereplacedby?17.Theunderlinedword"X"/sentenceinParagraphXprobablymean.18.Thetextismainlywrittentoexplain.19.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?基于上述测试要点，学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能，才能获取和处理信息：略读；2．查读；3．预测下文；4．理解大意；5．分清文章中的事实和观点；6．猜测词义7．推理判断；8，了解重点细节；9理解文章结构；10.理解图表信息；11.理解指代关系；12.理解逻辑关系；13.理解作者意图；14.评价阅读内容。(一)细节理解题这类题型主要有三种形式：问句式，不完整的陈述句和排除法。1．问句式A．其发问形式主要有以下几种：Howdidsomethinghappen?Whichofthefollowingpeopleshould(not)doit?Whichofthefollowingdidsomebodyhavetodealwith...?Whereshouldsomebodydosomething?B．解题技巧在解这类题时，可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题(这常常被认为是非常有效的方法)，注意记忆关键的词语，如。人物、时间、事件等，确定每道题目的发问中心，也，就是说，某个问题是针对什么提问的。这样我们就可以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。每个问题的发问中心反馈到原文中去。当读到有关解答发问中心的信息时，可在有关信息下面画一直线以示突出。带着发问中心及选择项目阅读原文。2．不完整的陈述句式A．常见形式有：Somethingcanbebestclassifiedas.Acertainkindofpersonissomeonewho.Peoplearelookingforbetterwaysto.Accordingtotheauthor,“it”wascausedby.B．解题技巧：在做不完整的陈述式题目时候，仍可参考上面列举的解题步骤。第一步，阅读题目，找出问题的发问中心。第二步，带着这些问题来阅读文章。第三步，根据前两步的分析和判断，选择出最符合题意的答案3．排除式A．常见形式有：WhichofthefollowingareNOTmentionedinthepassage?WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedin...?WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthepassage?B．解题技巧：（广告类）做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容，然后查读读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为排除的内容。【例题】Themeasureswerecarriedoutbysomegovernments,includingnetsandtraditionaldrumlines,andprovidedbeachgoerswithafalsesenseofsafety.Thestudyfoundtheeffectivenessofnetswasdifficulttoevaluate,whilethesignificantdamagetheycausetoothermarinewildlifewasclear.Researchersdesirefornon-deadlysharkcontrolmeasuressuchaseco-barriers,whichphysicallyseparateswimmersfromsharks,sonar(声呐)technology,andvariousshark-spottingtechniques.Whichofthefollowingdoresearchersfocuson?A.Beachgoers'safety. B.Theshark-relateddeathrate.C.Friendlysharkcontrolways. D.Advancedshark-spottingtechniques.【提示】留意句子的主语和提问的对象，二者保持一致时锁定答案。【随堂练习】AThereisanoldsayinginEnglish:"Laughteristhebestmedicine."Untilrecently,fewpeopletookthesayingveryseriously.Now,however,doctorshavebeguntoinvestigatelaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundevidencethatlaughterreallycanimprovepeople'shealth.

Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilms,whiledoctorscheckedtheirheartrate,bloodpressure,breathingandmuscles.Itwasfoundthatlaughterhassimilareffectstophysicalexercise.Itincreasesbloodpressure,theheartrateandtherateofbreathing;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesintheface,thestomach,andeventhefeet.Iflaughterexercisesthebody,itmustbebeneficial.

Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobecapableofreducingtheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprograms.Thegroup,whichtoleratedthepainforthelongesttime,wasthegroup,whichlistenedtoafunnyprogram.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceendorphins(内啡肽)inthebrain.Thesearenaturalchemicalsthatdiminishbothstressandpain.

Thereisalsosomeevidencetosuggestthatlaughterhelpsthebody'simmune(免疫的)system,thatis,thesystemwhichfightsinfection.Inanexperiment,onegroupofstudentswatchedafunnyvideowhileanothergroupservedasthecontrolgroup—inotherwords,agroupwithwhichtocomparethefirstgroup.Doctorscheckedthebloodofthestudentsinbothgroupsandfoundthatthepeopleinthegroupthatwatchedthevideohadanincreaseintheactivityoftheirbloodcells,thatis,thecellswhichfightinfection.

Asaresultofthesediscoveries,somedoctorsandpsychiatrists(精神病学家)intheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinics,inwhichtheytrytoimprovetheirpatients'conditionsbyencouragingthemtolaugh.Theyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughing,makingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Laughterisgoodforone'shealth.

B.Laughterisrelatedtosomeillness.

C.Laughterhasbeeninvestigatedlongsince.

D.Laughterhasnoeffectonthebody.

2.Doctorshavefoundthatlaughter_____.

A.keepsdownbloodpressure B.hassimilareffectstophysicalexercise

C.decreasestheheartrate D.increasesstress

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsoflaughterisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Itreducespain. B.Itexercisesthebody.C.Itimprovesthebody'simmunesystem. D.Itcancurecancer.

4.Whatdodoctorsinalaughterclinicdo?

A.Theylaughattheirpatients.

B.Theyencouragetheirpatientstolaugh.

C.Theysmilewhentheydon'tfeellikelaughing.

D.Theyneverstoplaughing.BShakespeare'sGlobeExhibition&TourisauniqueinternationalresourcetoexploreShakespeare'swork.Openallyearround,itgivesyouanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutthemostfamousplaywright(剧作家),Shakespeare,andhelpsyoufurthertheexperienceandinternationalunderstandingofhim.

GroupVisitstotheExhibition&Tour

*OpeningHours:

TheatreTours:

Monday—Sunday:9:30a.m.—5:00p.m.

Exhibition:

Monday—Sunday:9:00a.m.—5:00p.m.

Groupsof15peopleormorearerequiredtopre-booktheirvisit,andeachgroupwillhaveitsownguideforfree.Tomakeareservation,pleasefillinaGroupRequestFormandreturnittousviaemail.

*ExhibitionandTourPrices

Adult:

$15.00

Senior(60+):

$13.50

Student(withvalidID):

$11.50

Child(5-15):

$8.00

Complimentary:

Every16thpersonfree

*Gettinghere

Shakespeare'sGlobe21NewGlobeWalk,LondonSE19DT,UK

Wehavecurrentlyimprovedsecurity,withallbagsbeingchecked.Pleasearriveingoodtime,anddonotbringanylargebagsandcheckthecalendarbeforeyourvisitorcall44(0)2079021500tofindoutaboutourlatestopeningtimes.

Visitorsareadvisedtoarrivebypublictransportorbytaxi.ThereisacarparkonThamesExchangeonthenorthsideofSouthwarkBridge(open24hours,sevendaysaweek).CabsmaybefoundallyearroundonSouthwarkBridge.ItmayalsobepossibletopickoneupfromoutsidetheentrancehallonNewGlobeWalk.

*Wheretoeat

SwanatShakespeare'sGlobeservesmodernBritishseasonalfoodfordinner,afternoonteaordrinksinourbeautifulbarandrestaurantsetovertwofloors,availableforpre-theatreandpost-theatredining.

SwanRestaurant

Monday—Friday:12noon—2:30p.m.&6:00p.m.—10:30p.m.

Saturday:12noon—3:30p.m.

Sunday:12noon—9:00p.m.1.Ifagroupof20childrenvisittheExhibition&Tour,whatisrequiredforthemtodo?

A.Theyneedtohireaguidethemselves.

B.Theymustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.

C.Theyhavetopay$160forticketsintotal.

D.Theyneedtoemailforareservationinadvance.

2.Whichofthefollowingappliestovisitors?

A.They'reabletogetataxinearSouthwarkBridge.

B.TheycanparkonthesouthsideofSouthwarkBridge.

C.Theyarerequiredtodeposittheirbagsbeforeentering.

D.It'smoreconvenienttodrivetherethantakingpublictransport.

3.WhatcanweknowaboutSwanRestaurant?

A.AfternoonteaisnotservedonSunday.

B.Itservestraditionalseasonalfoodfordinner.

C.Itisclosedfrom3p.m.to5p.m.onworkdays.

D.Itservesthreemeals,drinksandafternoontea.CGrowingupinacityhasalifelongnegativeimpactonaperson’sabilitytonavigate,accordingtoavastglobalsurvey.Inanewstudy,scientistsledbyAntonineCoutrotatNantesUniversityinFranceandHugoSpiersatUniversityCollegeLondondescribehowtheyusedadataset(数据集)gatheredfrom4millionsplayersofacomputergamecalled“SeaHeroQuest”,whichtestsway-findingskillsbyaskingplayerstomemoriseamapshowingthelocationofcheckpointsandthenmeasuringhowwellplayerscansteeraboattofindthem.Dr.Spiersfoundthatthestrongestindicatorofahighscorewasaplayer'sage-olderpeopleperformedrelativelypoorly.Butthebenefitofrurallivingwasstrongenoughtooffset(抵消)someofthat.DatafromAmericanplayersshowedthata70-year-oldwhogrewupinthecountrysidehadthenavigationalabilitiesofanaverage60-year-oldacrossthedataset.ThegapbetweenthenavigationskillsofruralandcitypeoplewaslargestinAmerica,andtheresearchersthinktheyknowwhy.Theyfoundthatcountriesdominatedbysimplelayoutsofgrid-based(网格式的)citiesdraggeddownnavigationskillsmorethangrowingupinacitybasedaroundmorecomplicatednetworksofstreets,suchasPrague.Dr.Spierssaysthatthebrain’snavigationalabilitiesprobablyweakenin