2023年考研外语预测试卷2

考研外语预测试卷2

一、UseofEnglish

1、The20thcenturymayhavebeentheageofscientific

advancementbut,asthenewmillenniumbegins,(1)world

healththeprogresshasbeensurprisinglyslow.

Whowouldbelievethatthereisstillno(2)forcancer,

that100yearsondiarrheaisstillonthetop10listsof

world-widekillersandthattuberculosisusually(3).

Victoriansqualor一wouldhavereemergedintheWest(4)

growingthreat?

Thefactisthatdespitegrowinglife(5)andeconomic

growth,abillionpeopleenteredthe21stcentury(6)

havingashareinmedicaladvances—theirlives(7)or

scarredbydisease.

AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization'slatestreport,

diarrheakilled2.2mpeoplein1998andyetitisacondition

thatcaneasilybe(8)throughcheaprehydrationtherapy.

Itwasthesixthbiggestkillerof1998,anhonoursharedwith

stillbirthandinfantdeaths(9)causeofdeaththat

smacksofthe19th(10)21stcentury.

WHO'stop10killerslistcanalmostbedivideddownthemiddle

(11)infectiousdiseases一afeatureoflowincome

countries一andnon-communicab1edisease,suchascancerand

hearttrouble,(12)inwealthynations.

Howwedieisanindicatorofour(13).IntherichWest

itisfromcancer,cardiovasculardiseaseandpsychiatric

illnesses(14)Inpoorcountriesinfectiousdiseasesare

stillthebiggestkillers.

Itisalmost(15)thoseofuswhodon'thavetoworryabout

povertyhavebroughtill-healthuponourselves.(16)once

wewouldhuntandwalk,wenowremainsedentary,smokeheavily

andputourselvesat(17)ofheartdiseaseandcancer.

Whilewedon'tneedtouseallourenergies(18)wherethe

nextmealwillcomefromwehavemoretimeto(19)on

existentialissues,relationshipsandourstandardsofliving.

Perhapsit'snocoincidencethat(20)isthreetimesmore

likelytocauselossofhealthyyearsinEuropeandtheUSthan

inAfrica.

A.withregards

B.intermsof

C.inrespectof

D.concerningwith

2、(2)

A.healing

B.therapy

C.cure

D.remedy

3、⑶

A.associatedwith

B.involvedin

C.contactedwith

D.subjectedto

4、(4)

A.for

B.like

C.by

D.as

5、⑸

A.cycle

B.time

C.expectancy

D.expectation

6、(6)

A.by

3

B.without

C.not

D.with

7、(7)

A.shortened

B.expanded

C.lengthened

D.damaged

8、(8)

A.puttoright

B.puttocorrect

C.putright

D.putcorrect

9、(9)

A.other

B.another

C.certain

D.the

10、(10)

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.lessthan

4

D.ratherthan

IK(11)

A.between

B.to

C.from

D.with

12、(12)

A.sweeping

B.prevalent

C.general

D.widespread

13、(13)

A.power

B.strength

C.wealth

D.health

14、(14)

A.when

B.since

C.where

D.while

15、(15)

5

A.asthough

B.asfor

C.asto

D.asregards

16、(16)

A.Which

B.Where

C.When

D.What

17、(17)

A.danger

B.threat

C.risk

D.jeopardy

18、(18)

A.drawingout

B.figuringout

C.workingout

D.makingout

19、(19)

A.dwell

B.stay

6

C.think

D.reside

20、(20)

A.poverty

B.misery

C.prosperity

D.depression

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Pricesareskyhigh,withprofitstomatch.Butlookingfurther

ahead,theindustryfaceswrenchingchange,saysanexpertof

energy.

“Thetimewhenwecouldcountoncheapoilandevencheaper

naturalgasisclearlyending.Thatwasthegloomyforecast

deliveredinFebruarybyDaveO'Reilly,thechairmanofChevron

Texaco,tohundredsofoilmengatheredforaconferencein

Houston.Thefollowingmonth,Venezuela，sPresidentHugo

Chavezgleefullyechoedthesentiment:"Theworldshouldforget

aboutcheapoil.”

Thesurgeinoilprices,from$10abarrelin1998toabove$50

inearly2022,haspromptedtalkofaneweraofsustainedhigher

prices.Butwhenevera“newera“inoilishailed,scepticism

isinorder.Afterall,thisisessentiallyacyclicalbusiness

inwhichpriceshabituallyyo-yo.Evenso,anunusuallyloud

chorusisnowjoiningMessrs0'ReillyandChavez,pointingto

intriguingevidenceofanew“pricefloor"of$30orperhaps

even$40,Confusingly,though,therearealsosignsthathigh

oilpricesmaybecausedbyaspeculativebubblethatcould

burstquitesuddenly.Toseewhichcampisright,twoquestions

needanswering:whydidtheoilpricesoar?Andwhatcouldkeep

ithigh?

Tomakemattersmorecomplicated,thereisinfactnosuchthing

asasingle"oilprice”:rather,therearedozensofvarieties

ofcrudetradingatdifferentprices.Whennewspaperswrite

aboutoilprices,theyusuallymeanoneoftworeferencecrudes:

BrentfromtheNorthSea,orWestTexasIntermediate(WTI).But

whenministersfromtheOrganisationofthePetroleumExporting

Countries(OPECdiscussprices,theyusuallyrefertoabasket

ofheaviercartelcrudes,whichtradeatadiscounttoWTIand

Brent.Alloilpricesmentionedinthissurveyareperbarrel

ofWTI.

Therecentvolatilityinpricesisonlyoneofseveral

不_____Q

q8

challengesfacingtheoilindustry.AlthoughatfirstsightBig

Oilseemstobeinrudehealth,postingrecordprofits,this

surveywillarguethatthewesternoilmajorswillhavetheir

workcutouttocopewiththeriseofresourcenationalism,

whichthreatenstochokeoffaccesstonewoilreserves.This

isessentialtoreplacetheirexistingreserves,whichare

rapidlydeclining.Theywillalsohavetorespondtoefforts

bygovernmentstodealwithoiTsseriousenvironmentaland

geopoliticalside-effects.Together,thesechallengescould

yetwipeouttheoilmajors.

Dave0'ReillyandHugoChavezbelievethat

A.pricesofoilandnaturalgasareveryhigh.

B.pricesofoilandnaturalgaswillnotgodown.

C.oilandnaturalgaswillkeepsustainedhighprices.

D.theworldhasforgottenaboutcheapoil.

2、

Accordingtosomeloudchorus,theoilpriceinthenewera

willbeaslowas

A.about$10abarrel.

B.nearly$30abarrel.

C.$30〜40abarrel.

D.$50abarrel.

3、

Accordingtothepassage,“WestTexasIntermediate”

(Paragraph4)refersto

A.anoilindustry.

B.anoilcompany.

C.agovernmentorganization.

D.akindofcrudeoil.

4、

Whatisthekeytooilpriceintheauthor'sopinion?

A.Energycrisis.

B.Dozensofvarietiesofcrudetrading.

C.Severalchallengesfacingtheoilindustry.

D.Theriseofresourcenationalism.

5、

Whatisthetoneofthepassage?

A.Humorous.

B.Indifferent.

C.Serious.

D.Anxious.

6、EveryspringmigratingsalmonreturntoBritishColumbia's

riverstospawn.Andeveryspringnewreportsdetailfresh

disastersthatbefallthem.Thisyearisnodifferent.The

fisheriescommitteeofCanada;sHouseofCommonsandaformer

chiefjusticeofBritishColumbia,BryanWilliams,havejust

examinedseparatelywhy1.3millionsockeyesalmon

mysteriously“disappeared"fromthefamedFraserriverfishery

in2022.Theirconclusionspointtoapoliticallyexplosive

conflictbetweenthesurvivalofsalmonandtherightsofFirst

Nations,asCanadianscallIndians.

In2022,onlyabout524,000salmonarethoughttohavereturned

tothespawninggrounds,barelymorethanaquarterthenumber

whomadeitfouryearsearlier.Highwatertemperaturesmayhave

killedmany.TheHouseofCommonsalsolambastedthefederal

DepartmentofFisheriesandOceans(DFO)forpoorscientific

data,andforfailingtoenforcecatchlevels.Foursimilar

reportssince1992havecalledforthedepartment;sreform.In

vain:itsseniorofficialsare"indenial“aboutitsfailings,

saidthecommittee.

Mr.Williams'reportaddedamoreshockingtwist.Heconcluded

thatillegalfishingontheFraserriveris"rampantandout

ofcontrol”,with“nogo"zoneswherefisheriesofficersare

toldnottoconfrontIndianpoachersforfearofviolence.The

judgecomplainedthattheDFOwithheldareportbyoneofits

investigatorswhichdetailedextensivepoachingandsaleof

salmonbymembersoftheChearnFirstNation,someofwhomwere

armed.

SomeFirstNationsclaimanunrestrictedrighttofishandsell

theircatch.Canada'sconstitutionacknowledgestheaboriginal

righttofishforfoodandforsocialandceremonialneeds,but

notageneralcommercialright.OntheFraser,however,theDFO

hasgrantedIndiansaspecialcommercialfishery.Tosome

Indians,eventhatisnotenough.

BothreportscalledformorefundsfortheDFO,toimprovedata

collectionandenforcement.Theyalsorecommendedreturningto

asinglelegalregimeforcommercialfishingapplyingtoall

Canadians.

OnApril14th,GeoffRegan,thefederalfisheriesminister,

respondedtotwopreviousreportsfromayearago.One,from

aFirstNationsgroup,suggestedgivingnativesarisingshare

ofthecatch.Theotherproposedanewquotasystemforfishing

licences,andtheconclusionoflong-standingtalksontreaties,

includingfishingrights,withFirstNations.Mr.Regansaid

hisdepartmentwou1dspendthisyearconsulting“stakeholders”

(natives,commercialandsportfishermen).Itwillalsolaunch

pilotprojectsaimedatimprovingconservation,enforcement

andFirstNations'accesstofisheries.

The“explosiveconflict“inthefirstparagraphrefersto

A.salmon'sreturntoBritishColumbia'sriverstospawn.

B.thefisheriescommitteeofCanada'sHouseofCommonsand

BryanWilliams.

C.thestrugglebetweensockeyesalmonandhumanbeings.

D.thecollisionbetweensalmon，ssurvivalandhumanfishery.

7、

HowmanysalmonwerethereeveryspringinBritishColumbia5s

riversfouryearsearlier?

A.1.3million.

B.About524,000.

C.About1,824,000.

D.Above2,000,000.

8、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforthedecreaseof

salmonaccordingtoMrWilliams?

A.Highwatertemperatures.

B.Shockingtwist.

C.Illegalfishing.

D.Officials'failings.

9、

Whatdoes"FirstNations"referto?

A.CanadianIndians.

B.AmericanIndians.

C.NativesoftheFraser.

D.PeoplewhoinhabitingtheFraser.

10、

WhatisGeoffRegan,thefederalfisheriesminister,most

probablygoingtodo?

A.Heisgoingtorespondtotwopreviousreports.

B.Heisgoingtoproposeanewquotasystemforfishing

licences.

C.Heisgoingtoconsultnatives,commercialandsport

fishermen.

D.Heisgoingtokeepabalancebetweenconservation,

enforcementandfisheries.

11、Asia,srealboat-rockerisagrowingChina,notJapan,

aseniorAmericaneconomistobserved.

Thereissomuchnoisesurroundingandemanatingfromthe

world'smiracleeconomythatitisbecomingcacophonous.In

Washington,D.C.,thelatestideaisthatChinaisbecomingtoo

successful,perhapsevendangerouslyso:whileCapitolHill

resoundswithcomplaintsoftradesurplusesandcurrency

manipulation,thePentagonandsundrythink-tanksechotoanew

drumbeatofanalystsworryingaboutChina，s12.6%annualrise

inmilitaryspendingandaboutwhetheritmightsoonhavethe

abilitytotakepreemptivemilitaryactiontoforceTaiwanto

rejoinit.Soitmaybenocoincidencethatforthree

consecutiveweekendsthestreetsofbigChinesecitieshave

beenfilledwiththesoundsofdemonstratorsmarchingandrocks

beingthrown,allseekingtosendadifferentmessage:that

JapanistheprobleminAsia,notChina,becauseofitswanton

failuretofaceuptoitshistory;andthatbycosyingupto

Japaninsecuritymatters,AmericaisallyingwithAsia's

pariah.

Deafnessisnottheonlyriskfromallthisnoise.Thepressure

towardsprotectionisminWashingtonisstrong,andcouldput

infurtherdangernotonlytradewithChinabutalsothewider

climatefortradeliberalisationintheDoharoundoftheWorld

TradeOrganisation(WTO).Sofarwordshavebeenthemain

weaponsusedbetweenChinaandJapan,butthereisachancethat

nationalismineitherorbothcountriescouldleadthe

governmentstostrikeconfrontationalposesovertheir

territorialdisputesintheseasthatdividethem,even

involvingtheirnavies.Andthemorethatnationalistpositions

becomeentrenchedinbothcountriesbutespeciallyChina,the

morethatstreetprotestscouldbecomestirredup,perhaps

towardsmoreviolence.

Alltheseissuesarecomplexonesand,asisoftenthecasein

tradeandinhistoricaldisputes,findingsolutionsislikely

tobefarfromsimple.Arevaluationoftheyuan,asdemanded

inCongress,wouldnotrebalancetradebetweenAmericaand

China,thoughitmighthelpalittle,induecourse.A"sincere”

apologybyJapanforitswartimeatrocitiesmightalsohelpa

little,butitwouldnotsuddenlyturnAsia,snatural

great-powerrivalsintobosombuddies.Forbehindallthenoise

liesonebigfact:thatitistheriseofChina,notthestatus

orconductofJapan,thatposesAsia'sthorniestquestions.

The“theworld'smiracleeconomy"inthebeginningofthe

secondparagraphrefersto

A.Asia'srealboat-rocker.

B.China'seconomicsuccess.

C.Japan'seconomicsuccess.

D.bothChinaandJapan'seconomicsuccess.

12、

Whatdoestheword"think-tanks”(Paragraph2)mean?

A.Tanksthatcanthinkashumanbeings.

B.Aninstituteorgroupprovidingsolutionsforsomeproblems.

C.Agroupofauthoritativepeople.

D.Scholarsandprofessionalmen.

13、

Whatisthereasonforthedemonstrationsinthestreetsof

bigChinesecities?

A.ChinatakesmilitaryactiontoforceTaiwantorejoinit,

B.JapanistheprobleminAsia,notChina.

C.Japanisunwillingtofaceuptoitshistory.

D.AmericaisallyingwithAsia'spariah.

14、

HowwilltheterritorialdisputesbetweenChinaandJapanbe

settledaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Bywordsandnegotiations.

B.Bytheirnavies.

C.Bymoreviolence.

D.Unclear.

15、

WhatisthemaincauseoftheissuesinAsiaaccordingtothe

author?

A.Tradeandhistoricaldisputes.

B.Theappreciationoftheyuan.

C.Japan'srefusalofapologyforitswartimeatrocities.

D.TheriseofChina.

16^IthasbeenawretchedfewweeksforAmerica'scelebrity-

bosses.AIG'sMauriceGreenberghasbeendramaticallyousted

fromthefirmthroughwhichhedominatedglobalinsurancefor

decades.AtMorganStanleyamutinyisforcingPhilipPurcell,

abossusedtogettinghisownway,intoanincreasingly

desperatecampaigntosavehisskin.AtBoeing,Harry

Stonecipherwascalledoutofretirementtoleadthe

scandal-hitfirmandraiseethicalstandards,onlytocommit

alapseofhisown,beingsackedforsendinge-mailstoalover

whowasalsoanemployee.CarlyFiorinawasthemostpowerful

womanincorporateAmericauntilafewweeksago,when

Hewlett-Packard(HP)sackedherforpoorperformance.Thefate

ofBernieEbbersismuchgrimmer.Theoncehigh-profileboss

ofWorldComcouldwellspendtherestofhislifebehindbars

followinghisconvictionlastmonthonfraudcharges.

Indifferentways,eachoftheseexamplesappearstopointto

thesamewelcomeconclusion:thattheimbalanceincorporate

powerofthelate1990s,whenmanybosseswereallowedtobehave

likeabsolutemonarchs,hasbeencorrected.Alas,appearances

canbedeceptive.Whi1eeachoftheserecenttalesof

chief-executivewooisasisofprogress,noneprovidesmuch

evidencethatthecrisisinAmericancorporategovernanceis

yetover.Infact,eachofthesecasesisanexampleoffailed,

notsuccessful,governance.

Attheveryleast,thebeardsofbothMorganStanleyandHPwere

fartooslowtoaddresstheirbosses*inadequacies.Therecord

oftheBoeingbeardinpickingchiefspronetoethicallapses

istoolongtobedismissedasmerebadluck.ThefallofMessrs

GreenbergandEbbers,meanwhile,highlightsthegrowingrole

ofgovernment-andinparticular,ofcriminalprosecutorsin

holdingbossestoaccount:adevelopmentthatis,atbest,a

mixedblessing.TheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedinhaste

followingtheEnronandWorldComscandals,isimposingheavy

costsonAmericancompanies;whethertheseareexceededbyany

benefitsisthesubjectoffiercedebateandmaynotbeknown

foryears.

EliotSpitzer,NewYork'sattorney-general,istheleading

advocateandpractitionerofanenergetic"lawenforcement”

approach.Hemayberightthattherecentburstofpunitive

actionshasbeengoodfortheeconomy,evenifsomeofhisown

decisionshavebeenopentoquestion.Whereheisundoubtedly

rightisinarguingthatcorporateAmericahasdonealamentable

jobofgoverningitself.AshesaysinanarticleintheWall

StreetJournalthisweek:"ThehourcedeamongCEOsdidn'twork.

Boardoversightdidn'twork.Ser-regulationwasacomplete

failure."AIG'sboard,forexample,didnothingaboutMr.

Greenberg'suseofmurkyaccounting,ortheconflictsposedby

hisuseofoffshorevehicles,orhisconstantbullyingofhis

criticsletalonethefirm'sallegedparticipationin

bid-rigging—untilMr.Spitzerthreatenedacriminal

prosecutionthatmighthavedestroyedthefirm.

Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic

by.

A.citingAmerica'scelebritybosses

B.listinganumberofAmerica，scelebritybosses

C.depictingtheplightofsomereputedAmericanbosses

D.writingsomemostpowerfulpersonsinAmericanfirms

17、

Whatistheauthor，sattitudetowardoustingtheAmerica5s

celebritybosses?

A.Sympathetic.

B.Supportive.

C.Indifferent.

D.Uninterested.

18、

Whatdoesthephrase"amixedblessing”(Line6,Paragraph3)

mean?

A.Allkindsofgoodthings.

B.Somethingmixedwithconfusions.

C.Somethingbothgoodandbad.

D.Somethingmixedwithoptimisticandpessimisticresults.

19、

Whichofthefollowingisgoodfortheeconomyaccordingto

EliotSpitzer?

A.Lawenforcementapproach.

B.Decisionsopentoquestion.

C.ThehonourcodeamongCEOs.

D.Boardoversightandself-regulation.

20、

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.America;sbossesnolongerhaveabsolutepower.

B.Theconvictionoflastmonthonfraud,charges.

C.ThecrisisinAmericancorporategovernance.

D.DeceptiveappearancesoftheAmerica'scelebritybosses.

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Meanwhile,studieshaveshownthatthecarbondioxide

concentrationinouratmospherehasbeensteadilyincreasing

since1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossilfuels

hasbeenreduced,concentrationhasrisenconsistently.

B.Proofofwarmingincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnow

thatcoverstheNorthernHemisphere,asimultaneousdecrease

inArcticSeaice,continuedmeltingofalpineglaciers,and

ariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreportedforthefirst

timeinAntarctica,andanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile

widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.

C.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethelong-term

sustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthatthe

planetisexperiencingunusualWeatherandclimate

abnormalities.The10hottestyearsinrecordedhistoryhave

allbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethehottestdecade

onrecord.TheMid-westernheatwaveof1995killed669people

inChicago.In1996,wehadaseasonofrecordheatspells,and

1997wasthesinglewarmestyearonrecord一until1998

shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords.Record-high

temperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthe

summerof1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld(swater

parksbecauseofthethreatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.

TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblameunusualweatherfor

thousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsindamage.

D.In1995,thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubled

toaboutthesizeofEurope.Forthefirsttimeinrecorded

history,theholestretchedoverpopulatedareas,exposing

residentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhighlevels

ofultraviolet(UV)radiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%

decreaseinozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increase

inUVradiationreachingtheground,posingmoreriskstohumans.

IntheUnitedStates,forinstance,betweenathirdandahalf

ofallcancersareskincancerswidelyblamedonUVexposure.

Australiahasthehighestrateofskincancerintheworld,with

estimatesthattwooutofthreepeoplewillgetatleastone

skincancerintheirlifetime.

E.”Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom

humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmospheric

concentrationofthegreenhousegases,“writesJeremyLeggett

inhisbookGlobalWarming:TheGreenpeaceReport(Oxford

UniversityPress,1990).“Theseincreaseswillenhancethe

greenhouseeffect,resultinginwarmingoftheearth's

surface.z，In1990,scientistspredictedthat,ifgreenhousegas

emissionsarenotsharplydecreased,wemightexperiencea1℃

to3℃riseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewould

havetocutinhalfouruseofcoal,oil,andgasinorderto

lowerouremissionsenoughtomaintainconcentrationsof

greenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels.

F.Avarietyofsignificant,attractiveshort-termbenefits

willdrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes.

Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweather,climatechanges,

andnaturaldisasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesand

relatedhealthproblems;afreshandnutritiousdiet;a

dependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobalunrest.

G.Addtothisscenariothepossibilityofnaturaldisasters

suchasvolcanicactivity,comets,solarwinds,sunspot

activity,orearthquakesthatcoulddrasticallyaffectworld

security.Howlongisthestabilityoftheplanetgoingtobe

immunefromthesetypesofsignificantoccurrences?Winter

stormsandrandomweatherextremessuchasrecord-breaking

extremehot,cold,andwindsaresignalsthatweshouldacton

the