2023版高三一轮总复习英语人教版（滇晋皖吉）第1部分 选择性必修第4册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION

UNIT1SCIENCEFICTION

>>>_________________基础知识梳理___________________

JICHUZHISHISHULI构建知识体系

课标单词背诵

（先填后背）

1.fictionn.小说；虚构的事

2.bonusn.意外收获；奖金；红利

3.integrityn.诚实正直；完整；完好

4.dignityn.庄重；庄严；尊严

5.naHn.指甲；趾甲；钉子”.（用钉子）钉牢；固定

6.saleswomann.女售货员；女推销员

7.侬皿a力•.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的

8.chairwomann.女主席；女董事长；女委员长

9.grammen.克（重量单位）

10.flour/?.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉

11.venuen.活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）

12.salesmann.售货员；推销员

13.superiore力.更好的;占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的

14.leathern.皮革；［pl.］皮衣；皮外套

15.paneln.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组

16.inchn.英寸（长度单位，等于2.54厘米）

17.backwards"血.向后:倒着；往回

18.niecen.侄女；外甥女

19.handkerchiefn.手帕；纸巾

20.lampn.灯；台灯

21.pacen.速度；步伐；节奏W.&式.确定速度；调整节奏

22.maximum。力.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度

23.mudn.泥；泥浆

［单词拼写.运用］

核心单词语境运用

用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Cojochruandhertwochildrenlivewithhersister

1.salaryn.薪水；薪金

inMoldova,wheresalaries(salary)areamongthe

2.dismiss”.让（某人）离开;

lowestinEurope.

解散；解雇；消除

2.Wehavebeenlabouring(labour)alldayinthe

3.labourn.劳动（者）；体

fields,feelingtiredandsleepy.

力劳动况.奋斗；努力工作

3.Thematchhadjustbegunwhentheheavens

4.suspend悬;挂；暂停；

openedandplaywassuspended(suspend).

暂缓

4.Adoctoristheretotreatandtocure,notto

5.fetch去）拿来;（去）

dismiss(dismiss)anyoneasahopelesscase.

请来

5.Thevillagersusedtowalkamiletofetch(fetch)

waterbutnowtheycangetcleanwatereasily.

派生单词语境运用

1.declare表明；宣称；公布用所给词的适当形式填空。

declarationn.宣告；宣称；宣言1.Thepeopleinthecoloniesdeclared

2.weekn,周，星期fweeklya力.每thattheywouldformtheirownstateand

周的〃.周刊finallysignedadeclarationof

independence.(declare)

3.appoint”.任命；委派；约定时间

2.Itiscalculatedthatwewillspend

fappointmentn.预约；约会；委任

abouttwohourscompletingthe

4.calculate计算；核算；预测

calculationofthetotalifweuse

->calculationn.计算fcalculator".巾一

calculators,(calculate)

算器

3.Inherstudy,participantswere

5.divides.分开；除；除以fdivision

dividedintoseveralgroups,eachhaving

n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）

thesamedivisionoftimeand

6.urge〃.强烈的欲望；冲动“催促；resources.(divide)

力劝；大力推荐furgent。力.急迫的4.Thesurveyusedarandomsampleof

urgencyn,紧急，紧迫furgentlyadv.twothousandpeopleacrossEngland,

紧急地；急切地whowererandomlyselectedby

7.random随机的；不可思议的computer.(random)

—randomlyado.随机；随意5.Abombexplodedinthecentreofthe

cityandtheexplosionkilledmorethan

8.explode况爆炸;爆破

100people.(explode)

—explosion爆炸；爆破

高考热点•熟词生义选出罡”字在句中的乏喘汉话恚思

1.（2021•新高考卷I）Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrainstation.C

A.奖金B.红利C.好处

2.(2020•全国卷I)Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingata

paceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800caloriesperhour.A

A.步速B.步幅C.节奏

3.(2020•全国卷I)Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.Donotfollowthepeople

whomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.C

A.跟踪B.理解C.效仿

［短语理解・运用］

高频短语语境运用

1.morelike更像是；更接近选用左面短语的适当形式填空。

2.fallaway（逐渐）减少;消失1.Iheardmynamecalledandturned

3.turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝aroundtoseewhoitwas.

外；结果是2.Owningtoshortageofcoalsupply,

outputfromthepowerstationsfell

4.takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；

away.

接手

3.Hisworkistotestoutnewdesigns

5.haveanurgeto

ofcarsbeforetheyareputonthe

有强烈的欲望做某事

market.

6.testout检验；测试

4.Whowilltakeoverthecompany

转身

7.turnaroundafterMr.Howeretiresnextmonth?

8.ona...basis根据；以的方式5.Wehavefoundthattheseresults

（基准）conflictwithearlierfindings.

9.conflictwith与冲突或抵触

［句式辨识・运用］

教材原句背诵句式结构仿写

l.It+be+a切.+that从句他不可能在这么短的时间内完成这

Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthat项任务。

shewasbeingofferedsympathybyaItisimpossiblethathecanfinishthe

robot...taskinsuchashorttime.

在他居住的小村子前矗立着一个纪

2.there引起的完全倒装句式

念碑。

Assheturnedaround,therestood

Therestandsamnnumnntinfrontof

GladysClaffem.

thesmallvillagewherehelives.

3,asif引导状语从句或表语从句

Thesunandmoonlookedasifthey那位老人走路的样子就像喝醉了似

werebeingthrownacrossthesky,but的。

soontherewasdivisionbetweennightTheoldmanwalksasifheweredrunk.

andday.

>>>重唯考点探究

ZHONGNANKAODIANTANJIU突破思维瓶颈

1.declareM.［课本义］表明；宣称；公布

［增补义］申报邰税品、收入等）

declaresb./sth.tobe...宣布某人或某事是...

declarefor/against...赞成/反对...

declarethat...宣告；宣称...

It'smyhonourtodeclarethemeetingopen.我很荣幸宣布大会开始。

’语块存储.一

declaretheexhibitionopen/closed宣布展览开幕/闭幕

declarewaronthatcountry向那个国家宣战

declareforthetaxcut赞成减税

［基础练习］——单句语法填空

①Theinstanttheresultwasdeclared(declare),thecrowdexplodedintocheers.

②Inaword,hisactionsdeclaredhimtobe(be)anhonestman.

(3)In1812,USPresidentJamesMadisondeclaredwaronBritain,forwhichhe

wasattackedbymanyAmericans.

［链接写作］——完成句子

①我最好的朋友李萍在会议上宣布反对我的提议。

LiPing,mybestfriend,declaredagainstmyproposalatthemeeting.

②就在上周，他们声明反对修建一座新桥。

Itwaslastweekthattheydeclaredagainstbuildinganewbridge.

2.superior［课本义］a外更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的

［增补义］〃.上级；上司

(be)superiorto...比・…“更好/强；更胜一筹

(be)inferiorto...比一•…差

(be)seniorto...比♦…♦♦年长/资历深

(be)juniorto...比…•••年幼/资历浅

Attheappraisingmeeting,expertsstatedthismethodofmakingchinawas

superiortoothers.鉴定会上，专家们指出制作瓷器的这种方法优于其他方法。

’语块存储..二

besuperiortoitscompetitors强于竞争对手

amanofsuperiorintelligence智力超群的人

myimmediatesuperior我的顶头上司

k)

［基础练习］——单句语法填空

①I'vepersonallyneversubscribedtotheviewthateithersexissuperiortothe

other.

②Mr.Smithlooksmuchyounger,butheisactuallyseniortomebytwoyears.

「链接写作］——词汇升级

(普通表达)Thereisnodoubtthatthenewmethodisbetterthantheoldone.

(高级表达)Thereisnodoubtthatthenewmethodissuperiortotheoldone.

3.pace［课本义］〃,速度；步伐；节奏式.&式.确定速度；调整节奏

［增补义］仇慢步走；踱步

(l)ata(n)...pace以...的速度

atone'sownpace按自己的进度

keeppacewithsb./sth.与某人/某物并驾齐驱/步调一致

(2)paceupanddown来回踱步

1prefertherelaxedpaceoflifeinthecountry.

我喜爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。

’语块存"者..

marchatasteadypace稳步行进

quickenhispace加快他的脚步

slowdownthepaceoflife放慢生活节奏

____________________J

［基础练习］——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Theexplorersproceededatameasuredpaceinthedenseforest,wheredanger

couldariseatanytime.

②Studentsinmyschoolstudyattheir(they)ownpace,andtheteachersseldom

setexams.

(3)Verylateatnight,shefoundJohnpaceupanddowninhisflat,unableto

sleep,pace^pacing

［链接写作］——完成句子

①还有400米要跑，他努力与那些领先者并驾齐驱。

With400metrestorun,hetriedtokeeppacewiththeleaders.

②随着球向山下滚动，它的速度越来越快。

Theballgatheredpaceasitrolleddownthehill.

4.urgen.强烈的欲望；冲动”.催促；力劝；大力推荐

(l)theurgetodosth.做某事的渴望

haveanurgetodosth.渴望做某事

(2)urgesth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进

urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事

urgethat...(should)dosth.极力主张...做某事

Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.坚决要求...做某事

Iwasembarrassed,butIfoughttheurgetorunoffthestage.我感到很尴尬，但

我抑制了想跑下台的冲动。

厂语块存储A

urgehertoreconsiderherdecision劝说她重新考虑她的决定

asuddenurgetoscream突然想大声喊叫

beurgedonbythecrowd受到观众的激励

［基础练习］——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(snack)

betweenmeals.

②ThesummervacationisdrawingnearandIhaveanurgetotravelaround.

©Parentsshouldactivelyurgefortheirchildrentotakeadvantageofthe

opportunitytojoinsportsteams.去掉for

［链接写作］——一句多译

随着期末考试的临近，有人敦促我们更加努力学习。

①Wewereurgedtostudyharderwiththefinalexaminationapproaching.(动词

不定式)

②Itwasurgedthatwe(should)studyharderwiththefinalexamination

approaching.(主语从句)

5.ona.・.basis根据；以...的方式(基准)

［高考原旬・2020•新高考卷I［Remember,evenworldchampionathletespractice

theirskillsonaconsistentbasis.

(l)onaregularbasis例行地；有规律地；定期地

onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周

onthebasisof7that...基于；因为

(2)base〃.根基；基础以……为基础；以……为基地

bebasedon/upon以...为基础，以为根据

Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirliving

withhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions.对我们

来说，最可能的解释似乎是根源来自它们与人类生活在一起，这使它们能够大量

接触到人类的面部表情。

’语块存储

onavoluntarybasis志愿地；以自愿性质

onthebasisofageandsocialclass基于年龄和社会阶层

basedontrustandexistingrelationships基于信任和现有关系

）

［基础练习］——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Onthebasisofthesefacts,wecanconcludethattheridiculousrumourwas

spreadbymyniece.

②Hissurveyshaveprovidedthemostexplicitstatementsofhow,andonwhat

basis,dataarecollected.

③Somevideoshavebeenbannedonthebasistheyaretooviolent.basis后力口that

［链接写作］——词汇升级

（普通表达）Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingeveryday,

whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.

（高级表达）Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingonadaily

basis,whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.

6.takeovei•占上风；取而代之；接管；接手

takeoff脱掉（衣服等）；起飞；事业腾飞

takedown写下；记下；拆除

takein吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗

takeon呈现；雇用；承担；从事

takeup占有（时间/空间）；继续；开始；接受；拿起；开始从事

Technologyisheretohelpus,butweshouldnotallowittotakeoverourlives.

技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它掌控我们的生活。

［基础练习］——单句语法填空

①I'malittlesleepyandI'dappreciateitifyoucouldtakeoverthedrivingfora

while.

②Afterheretiredfromoffice,Rogertookugpaintingforawhile,butsoonlost

interest.

③Withthearrivalofspring,allthingsarebeginningtotakeonanewaspect.

［链接写作］——完成句子

①智能手机不仅占用了我们太多的宝贵时间，而且对我们的健康也有很大的

危害。

Smartphonesnotonlytakeuptoomuchofourvaluabletime,butalsodogreat

harmtoourhealth.

②普遍认为杰克是汤姆退休后接任总经理的理想人选。

h'sgenerallyacceptedthatJackistheidealpersontotakeoverasgeneral

managerwhenTomretires.

7.turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

[高考原句・2020•新高考卷II]Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineers

noticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobethe

heaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.

turnaround转身，掉头

turnaway拒绝（某人）进入；拒绝帮助

turndown调小；拒绝

turnin上交

turnover移交；翻转

turnto向（某人）求助

turnup调大；翻起；出现，露面

Noonecouldhaveforeseenthingswouldturnoutthisway.谁都没有预料到事

情的结果会这样。

［基础练习］——单句语法填空

①Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn，tquiteturnoutasplanned.

②I'mnotreallyreadingthemagazine,justturningoverthepages.

(3)Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewas

toobusy.

［链接写作］—完成句子

①我真心期待他能准时出现在婚礼现场。

Ireallyexpecthimtoturnupattheweddingontime.

②结果是她没有得到那份工作。

Itturnedoutthatshedidn'tgetthejobintheend.

»>关键能力评估

GUANJIANNENGLIPINGGU强化运用技能

夯基固本——基础落实

I.用所给词的正确形式填空。

1.Irodewithmycousintomygrandfather5shouse,wherewefoundhim

pacing(pace)backandforth,awaitingourarrival.

2.Whenpassingthecustoms,ifyouhavesomethingtodeclare(declare),

remembertogothroughtheRedChannel.

3.Theywillaskyoutosignadeclaration(declare)allowingyourdoctorto

discloseyourmedicaldetails.

4.(2019•全国卷I)Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognize

differentparticipantsbased(base)onhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.

5.Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,

urging(urge)thegovernmenttokeepitunderclosesupervision.

II.改正下列句子中的错误。

1.Theinstantthedramafestivaldeclaredopen,thecrowdcheered.festivalJqjjU

was

2.Ineverfeltaurgetolearnanysignlanguagebefore.a->an

3.Itwasurgedthatalllibrarieswerekeptopenduringtheweekend,butnone

responded,werebe

4.Iacceptedafreeoffertotestmywritingaptitude,anditwasturnedouttobe

theinspirationIneeded.去掉在后的was

5.Shewasfinallychosenforthejobatthebasisofherqualifications.at—on

in.在空白处填入一个适当的词。

1.Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyare

performedonaroutinebasis.

2.It，sridiculousthatthiscountrydeclaredwaronfourcountriesatthesametime.

3.Hestillholdsthebeliefthatcountrylifeistosomeextentsuperiortotownlife.

4.Theexhibitionsponsoredbyseveralfamouscompaniesturnedouttobeagreat

success.

5.Peterwilltakeovermypositionastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendof

nextmonth.

查缺补漏——知识拾遗

I.用所给词的正确形式填空。

X.Clairetriedtohelpbyworkingonalightsuspended(suspend)fromtheceiling,

butshefellofftheladder.

2.Atthatmoment,Tonytookherinhisarms,bringing(bring)hisfacecloseto

hers.

3.Myniececameintofetchsomething,maybeherhandkerchief,apparently

(apparent)withoutseeingme.

4.Whenshesteppedoutofthehall,therestood(stand)herboyfriend,holdinga

bunchofflowers.

5.Asalesmanwhoisnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforan

appointment(appoint).

II.在空白处填入一个适当的词。

1.(2021•全国乙卷改编)Theparticipantsweredividedintofourgroupsatrandom

andexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground.

2.Somepsychologistshavearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientific

investigationthanonemightthink.

3.Onthesecondmorning,Tonybroughtherbreakfastandthenaskedher

whethersheneededhelpdressing.

4.Itwasatteno'clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.

5.Thenewproducttobetestedoutisacombinationoftraditionalmethodsand

artificialintelligence.

强技提能——语言应用

I.语法填空

短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括

号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。

MynieceBettyworksinastore,wheresheispopularwithmostofthesalesmen

andsaleswomen.Asagirlofintegrity,Bettyalways1.treats(treat)everyonewith

dignity.Oneofherjobsistoaccuratelycalculatethesalariesofthestaffandpayout

2.bonuses(bonus)tothebestemployeesonamonthlybasis.Lastmonth,shewas

appointed3,totake(take)overtheoperationofthestore.Allthestaffwasinfavourof

her4.appointment(appoint)exceptforasalesmanBruce,whothoughthewas

superiortoanyoneelseandcapableofrunningthestore5.better(well).Toprovehis

competence,Brucedeclaredthathecouldsel