论《追风筝的人》中的成长与救赎

北京联合大学 毕业论文-4-AbstractInJune2003,TheKiteRunnerwaspublished,whichwasthefirstnovelofAfghan-AmericanauthorKhaledHosseini.,andwhichhasdrawnconsiderablepublicityandreceivedpraisesfromthecriticsallovertheworld.Itwastranslatedintoforty-eightlanguageandhasbeensoldovereightmillioncopiesinthepastnineyears,creatingamiracleofthepublishingindustry.Thisbooktalksaboutthestoryofayoungboy——Amir,fromtheWazirAkbarKhandistrictofKabu,thesonofhisfather'sHazaraservant.Throughtheanalysisoftheprotagonist'sjourneyofredemptionandthegrowthexperience.ThisarticlemainlyinvolvestalksabouthowtounderstandthepastmistakesofAmirabouthisthoughtandaction,whichiscausedbysomeinternalandexternalmotivation.Inthefinally,thispaperthinksAmirgraduallyovercomehisshortcomingsandmaturegrowthofredemption.KeyWords:bildungsroman;Redemption;Growth

ContentsAbstract 11Introduction 21.1TheBackgroundofThisStudy 31.2TheSignificanceofThisStudy 32AnalysisonthegrowthofTheKiteRunner 42.1TheDefinitionsoftheBildungsroman 42.2TheMoralDegenerationofAmir’sChildhood 52.2.1Amir’sGuilttoHassan 52.2.2Mockery 62.2.3Betrayal 72.3CausestoYoungAmir'sGuilt 92.3.1Amir'sPersona 92.3.2Amir'sShadow 103Amir'sGrowthfromAdolescencetoAdulthood 123.1Amir'sTransformation 123.2CausesofHisTransformation 143.2.1Immigration 143.2.2Father'sInfluence 143.2.3Amir'senlightenmentjourney 154Amir’sRedemption 154.1RedemptionforHisFather 154.2RedemptionforHimself 164.3TheFightingagainstPast 16Conclusion 17Reference 18Acknowledgements…………………..191Introduction1.1TheBackgroundofThisStudyKhalidHosseini,Afghanistan'soldestfivechildrenwasbornonMarch4,1965,inKabul.KhalidHosseiniisacelebratedAmericannovelistanddoctor.HisfamilymovedtoParis,France,wherehisfatherwasadiplomatattheAfghanembassyin1976.TheyreturnedtoAfghanistanin1980,whentherussiansinvadedhiscountry.HisfatherwasrecalledaftertheAmericaninvasion,buthedecidedtoseekasylumintheUnitedStatesandsettleinSANjose,California.IntheUnitedStates,Hosseinigraduatedfromhighschoolin1984andenteredtheuniversityofSantaClara,wherehereceivedadegreeinbiologyin1988.Thenextyear,heenrolledattheuniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegomedicalschool,whereheearnedamedicaldegreein1993.Hecompletedhisresidenceatcedars-sinaihospitalinLosAngelesin1996.Hequicklywenttofameandearnedaninternationalreputationforhistwooutstandingnovels:TheKiteRunner(2003)andtheGloriousMillennium(2007).HewasbornonMarch4,1965inKabul,Afghanistan.Heandhisfamilyliveinarich,well-bredarea.Atthetime,hismotherwasateacheratahighschoolinKabul,wherehisfatherworkedforforeignconsulsinAfghanistan.In1970,hisfamilymovedtoIran,wherehisfatherworkedfortheAfghanembassy.In1976,hisfatherbecameadiplomatintheAfghanembassyandhisfamilymovedtoParis,France.Later,theSaurrevolutionbrokeoutin1978andtheycouldnotreturntoAfghanistan.Aftertheinvasion,hisfatherwasrecalled.Butintheend,hedecidedtoseekpoliticalasylumintheUnitedStatesandliveinSANjose,California.IntheUnitedStates,HosseinigraduatedfromindependenthighschoolinSANjosein1984andwonthe1988biologydegreeatSantaClarauniversity.Thefollowingyear,heenrolledintheuniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegomedicalschoolandreceivedamedicaldegreein1993.In1996,hecompletedthecedars-sinaihospitalinLosAngeles.TheKiteRunneriswrittenbyKhalidHosseini,anAmericanwriterincontemporaryAfghanistan,whichisalsoanovelbyKhaledHosseini.Bloomsburywaspublishedin2003andwasadaptedintoafilmofthesamenamein2007.KhalidHosseiniwasborninKabul,Afghanistan,in1965.Hisfatherwasadiplomatandhismotherwasateacher.HespentamemorablechildhoodinKabul,followedbyacoupandaSovietinvasionthatdevastatedbyAfghanistan.HisfamilysoughtandreceivedpoliticalasylumintheUnitedStatesandmovedtoSANjose,califin1980.Tomakeabetterlifeforhimselfandhisfamily,KhalidHosseinistudiedbiologyandmedicineatSantaClarauniversityinSanDiego,California.HecompletedhisinternshipattheuniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesmedicalcenter,andstartedmedicalpracticeinPasadena.HiswifewasalsoanAfghanAmerican.1.2TheSignificanceofThisStudyTheKiteRunnerisakindofcoming-of-agestory.Thisnoveltalksastorythathappenedinthe21stcenturyinthefirstyearofthe1970s;TherehasbeenahugechangeinAfghanistaninthisharshandlongterm.In1978,whenthePDPAstagedacoup,thelong-termmonarchycollapsed.In1979,theSovietUnionsenttroopsintoAfghanistan,andthe10-yearwarbroughtincredibledevastationanddestructiontoAfghanistan.In1989,SoviettroopswithdrewfromAfghanistanafter10yearsofstrongresistance.However,afterthewithdrawaloftheSovietUnion,theAfghanpeopledidnotgetpeace,sotherehasbeenmoreinternalconflictsincethen.Thiswasamuchbiggermassacrethanwehaveseensofar,andAfghanistansufferedunprecedenteddamageinthecivilwar.TheTalibanemergedaftertheeventualwithdrawaloftheRussianoccupationforcesin1989andthesubsequentcivilwar.TheTalibanwerethepoliticalgroupofextremistfundamentalistMuslimswhoruledAfghanistan.TheywereforcingallAfghanpeopleconformtotheIslamiclaw,legal:banallactivitiesinAfghanistansofaremployment,education,andthemovementforwomen,film,television,video,music,dance,hanginthehomephotos,clapatsportingevents,flyakite,beardtrimmed.OnSeptember11,2001,theTalibangovernmentinAfghanistanforOsamabinladenofferedasafehidingplace,terroristtrainingcampstosetthestageforhim,andattheworldtradecenterattack.911later,peoplefromallovertheworldpaymoreattentiontoAfghanistanthaninthepast,"cruel,brutal,suicidebombersandterroristorganizations",hasbecomeanothertypicalimageofAfghanistan.TheterroristsanctuaryinAfghanistanwerenowunderthejointeffortsofmanycountries,theAfghaninterimgovernmenthasalsobeensetup,andonehasbeenlaunchedwiththehelpofinternationalaidgroupsinrebuildingAfghanistan.Itisanovelwithmanyautobiographicalelementseventhoughfictionalcharactersandplotsarefictional.Thehero'shappylifeinKabulisanovelthatcomesstraightfromHosseini'smemoryofhischildhood.Hisfirstnovel,Hosseini'sAfghanistan.BordersAfghanistanandTurkmenistan,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan,north-northeastofregioninChina,intheeast,south,Pakistan,andIraninthewest.Itisatypicallandlockedcountryandoneofthepoorestintheworld.Experiencehasundoubtedlyaffectedalot.Hosseinioncesaidthatthemaincharacterwasinaninterview.Forexample,AmirandBaba'simmigrationstotheUnitedStateswerebasedonthereal-lifeexperienceofHosseini.Kiterunnertoldthestoryofamemorableandbeautifulstory,toldthestoryoftwoyoungAfghanistan,Amir,asonofthefamouswealthybusinessmaninKabul,andHassanisAmir,thesonofhisfather'sservant.Amirwasaprivilege,andHassanwastheminoritythatHazara-memberavoided.Intheearly1970s,Afghanistanwasarelativelystablecity.Thetwoboyslivedhappilyandpeacefully,andtheywereinseparable.Theytoldstoriesandtookseveraldaystoflyakite,untilanunspeakablethingshappening,whichchangedthenatureoftheirrelationship,andeventuallytoaformofthetwoboyswereunpredictableendedtheirrelationship.Thisstudyconcludesthe"subject’sgrowingjourneyandanalyzesthereasonwhyitfails.Whilethe"subject"doesnotstopwithdisappointment,instead,hegoesonwithhissearching.Thisisjustthegreatenlightenmentforthereaders.2AnalysisontheGrowthofTheKiteRunner2.1TheDefinitionsoftheBildungsromanBildungsromanisanlysisedbymanycritics.Thetwoviewaboutitinthefollowing.Diltheyofferedwhathasbecomethemostfrequentlyciteddefinitionofthisgenrein1906:“TheBildungsromanexaminesaregularcourseofdevelopmentinthelifeoftheindividual;eachofitsstageshasitsownvalueandeachisatthesametimethebasisofahigherstage.Thedissonancesandconflictsoflifeappearasthenecessarytransitpointsoftheindividualonhiswaytomaturityandharmony.Andthe"highesthappinessofhumankind"isthedevelopmentofthepersonastheunifying,substantialformofhumanexistence".(Tennyson,1968:136).SusanneHoweisdefineditasanovel"developmentofnovelcontainsamoreorlessconsciousaroundherowhichwillbepartofhispower,andcultivateyourownexperience.'"(Susannehao,1966:49).Kontje'sgrowthnovelisdefinedasthedualtaskof"doingself-integrationandintegratingintosociety".Ideally,thefirstimplicationisthatthematureheroandbecomesausefulandcontentedcitizen(Kontje1992:12).Thefamoustheoretician,Abrams,interpretstheterm"Bildungsroman"and"Entwicklungsroman"as"thesubjectofthiskindofnovelsisthedevelopmentoftheprotagonist'smindandcharacter,inthepassagefromchildhoodthroughvariedexperiences-andoftenthroughaspiritualcrisis-intomaturity,whichusuallyinvolvesrecognitionofone'sidentityandroleintheworld."(Abrams,2005:193).Thethemeofthenovelisthehero'sthoughtsandthedevelopmentofthepersonality,sothearticlefromchildhoodthroughmultiplepoweroftenspiritualcrisisintoamature,usuallyincludingtheidentificationofaperson'sidentityandroleintheworld."(Abrams,2005:193)Basedonseveralkeydefinitiontype,MordechaiMarcusmadeafurtherresearch,andsummarizethemintotwogroups:thefirstgroupdescribesayoungignoranceabouttheoutsideworldsomeoftheimportantknowledge;Thesecondgroupdescribesthebeginningoflifeorsocietyasanimportantself-discoveryandresult.Inhisbook,whatisanInitiationStory?Hefinallyprovidesavaliddefinition:thestoryof"youngworldheroexperiencemajorchangesorself-knowledge,andpersonalitychanges,ortwo,andthischangemustbeguidedhimtotheadultworld.Itmayormaynotcontainsomeformofritual,butitshouldprovidesomeevidencethatshowstheeffectsofthischangeatleastlikelytoproducepermanent."(ModecaiMarcus,1969:222).2.2TheMoralDegenerationofAmir’sChildhood

2.2.1Amir’sGuilttoHassanAstheAmirfamily’s,HazarawasdestinedtobeloyaltoAmirinhislife.Bothofthemwerebornwithoutamother'scare.Theyweretakencareofbythesamewomanandlearnedtospeaktogether.Fromthatpointon,theygrewuplikebrothers.HassanwasborntobeloyaltoAmir."[...]thefirstthingwesaid.He'sAmir."(Hosseini,2006:12).HeregardedAmirashisbestfriend,hisonlyfriend,andhismaster.EverydayhehadbreakfastforAmir,foldedhisclothes,andcleanedtheroomeveryday,eventhoughHassanwasyoungerthanAmir.Fromthebeginning,HassanprovidedAmirwithhisheartandcare.HewouldrathereatdirtthanlietoAmir.However,hisloyaltycannotchangethesincerityofhismaster.Ontheonehand,fromAmir'spointofview,thisinvolvestheclassdifferencesbetweenAmirandHassan,whichlargelyreflectstheirrelationship."Finally,IamaPashtun,heisHazara,IamaSunniandaShia..."(Hosseini,2006:27).Intheprocessofflyingakite,oneboycontrolledthekiteandtheotherboyhelpedthekitebyfeedingtherope.JustasHassandidAmir'sbreakfast,foldedhisclothesandcleanedhisroom,healsotookcareofAmirinthekite-racingcompetition.AlthoughHassanwasasexcitedasakite,hedidn'tactuallycontrolthekite.Hassancouldhelpthekite"lift-anddive,"Butamirclaimedavictory.Hassanmayhaveseizedhispreciousrival'skite,helditinhisarms,butalwaysbroughtitbacktoAmir,andthenitbelonged;Ontheotherhand,itworriesaboutAmir’spsychology,andtheauthorwouldgiveadetailedanalysisbelow.Withthedevelopmentofthestory,Amir’sdepravityandhiscruelbehaviortowardHassandeteriorated.2.2.2MockeryAmirrecalledalongsummervacationwithHassaninhisfirst12yearsinAfghanistan.Atthattime,theyspentthefirsttimetogether.ThoughAmirpomegranatetreeneartheentranceofthecemeterysaid"ourtree",hestillcouldnothelpbutmockedHassanoverandoveragain,becauseofhisnaturalsuperiority,andjealousy."MyfavoritepartofreadingHassanwaswhenwemetabigone,hedidn'tknow.Imadefunofhimandmockedhisignorance..."(Hosseini,2006:31).HeadmittedthathewouldfeelguiltyforsuchaprankandmakeamendsforHassaninotherways.Atthesametime,hetookhisprankasaharmlessprank.WhenhemadeupforplayingtricksonHassanhisplot,hispraisefromtheloyalfriendandcourage,Hassansaiditwasheheardaboutthestoryofoneofthebest.Later,whenhereadhisownstory,hecouldnotbearthecriticismofthemanwhowaslowerthanhehadbeeninthesimplequestionofHassan."Avoice,coldanddark,suddenlywhisperedinmyear."heknowstheHassanwhocan'tread?Hewillneverbeacook.Howdarehecriticizeyou?"(Hosseini,2006:37).HisenvyofHassanwaslargelyduetohisfather'scareandgratitudeforHassan.OnedayonHassan'sbirthday,dadinvitedthedoctortomakeabirthdaypresentforHassan'scleftlip.Amirisn'thappyforhiscompany,butheblamesHassanforhisinherentflaws."IwishIhadsomescaralsoproducebaba'ssympathy.It'snotfair.Hedidn'tdoanythingforfather'saffection,hewasjustbornstupidcleftlip"(Hosseini2006:50).Hassan'sloyaltyandsinceritywasthecauseofhisinjury.TheAmir’swasforfunandwasinterestedinmakingfunofHassan.Hassanchosetobethelittleantofhismasterandthebestfriend,eventhoughhewouldbeburnedbyAmir,andhedidn'tcomplain.Deepinhisheart,hebelievedthathisloyaltyandsinceritywouldberewardedinthesameway.AmirusevariousmeansandtricksthatHasanlearnedthathewasamantherearebothchildishandcharacterflaws,inmanycases,Amirthischaracterflaw,especiallyhiscowardice,butcausedthedamagetohim.2.2.3BetrayalFromthestructureofthenovel,thekitestrugglewasaturningpoint.Atthebeginningofthegame,Amir’sstrongdesirewasdescribed.Hewantedtotellhisfatherthathissonwasvaluableandcouldkillhismotherwhenhewasborn."Idon'tknowanotherpersontoplay,maybejustbraggingrights.Butthisisoneofmyopportunitytobecomeaman,notseen,heard,notheard"(Hosseini2006:2006).HassanandAmirhadexcellentcooperation,theirkiteswereintheskyuntilthelastminute,theonlycompetitor,kiteablue,waskilled.Forthewinner,flyingthekiteintotheairuntilthelastminuteisnotenough,includingthefinalkite.TheKiteRunnerHassanhadpromisedAmirthathewouldputthekiteonhim."Athousandtimes!Hesaid.Hasansmileandthenhesmiledanddisappearedaroundthecorner"(Hosseini2006:2006).HewasthelasttimetomakeakiteforAmir.Runthebluekiteontheroad,hewas(Assefstoppedhim,hewantstorevengeforhisformerHasanathreattoHassanslingshot,paymentisbluekiteinHassan'shandinafirmclasp.ForHassan,oncementionedAmir’sinterest,thereisnocompromise,evensacrificehimself;hewasdeterminedtoprotectAmirbluekite.Asseflethimthinkhissacrificeisworthit.AsaPashtun,AsseftoldHasan,fromthepointofviewofAmir,heisjustapet."hewilldothesamethingforyou?Haveyoueverwonderedwhywhenhewasaguestheneverputyouinthegame?Whydidn'theonlyinthepresenceofotherpeopleplaywithyou?"(Hosseini2006:2006).Amirshidintheendofthelaneandheardeverywordtheysaid."AmiraghaandIarefriends."Hedidn'tsayanything,buthehiditonthewall.Hisfriendwasbadlyhurtinfrontofhim,andinordertoprotecthisbluekite,heshudderedbehindthewall,hesitating.Eventually,HassanwasrapedbyAssef.“Ihavethelastchancetomakeadecision.ThelastchancetodecidewhoI'mgoingtobe.Icouldgodownthealley,andstanduptoHassanandhewouldstandupformeandthatwouldhappentomeandthatwouldhappentome.OrIcouldrun.Betweenthetwooptions”(Hosseini2006:84),Amirchosetobetray.Heranawaybecauseofhisselfishnessandcowardice.HekilledHassan,betrayedhim,andexplainedhisbetrayalwithaflimsyexcuse.HisbetrayalhurtHassanandhimself,andhewillfindoutfortherestofhislife.Hisbetrayalwasthebeginningofhissin,whichledtohismoraldepravity.Hehadbeensinkingintoablackhole,andhisconsciencecondemnedhimfromthemomentheran.Hedidn'thavethegutstofaceHassanandwastorturedbyhisguilt,whichmadehimdifficulttobreatheforalongtime.Hisweaknessandinnershadowtriggeredhisinnerevilandthenmadeashamefuldecisionintheprocess.2.3CausestoYoungAmir'sGuilt

2.3.1Amir'sPersonaAsawealthyAfghanfamily,Amirneededtoadapttothecommunityhelivedin.Nomatterhowreluctanthewas.Inthenovel,hehasafewchampions,asoninhisfamilythoughtheshouldbeblamedforhisbirthkilledhismother.ThemasterofaPashtun,loyaltohim,hewastheservantofthewhotookitforgranted;Agentleyoungmanwasborninawealthyfamilyfromotherpeople'seyes.Togeteveryone'sapproval,hemustweardifferentmasks,andfacedifferentpeople,andindifferentsituations.Afghanistanwasalostmother'sson,helivesinanall-man-roundenvironment,andhisDad-BabaPashtunspecimens,whohasagoodreputationinthesocietymorethanasuccessfulbusinessman.Amir'sadmirationforbabawasobvious.Hewasdesperateforhisfather'slove,praiseandmoreforgivenessbecausehethoughthehadstolenhisfather'sprincess,andhisbirthwasasin-stealing.Soasason,heworethemaskofhisgoodson,andhewascarefultoexpresshimselfinordertobeappreciatedbyhisfather.Hefoughtforthechance,andonlyheandhisfathercouldbetogether,andhethoughtitwasawayofgivinghisfatherallhisown.Hementionedthat“IwashappytoholdhishatandIforhim,becauseeveryonesawthathewasmyfather,myfather"(Hosseini2006:16).Infact,almostnocommoninterests,thetwoboy’sgenesinheritedhismother'spoetry,andhisfatherlikehuntingandsport,activitydisplaypowerandaggression.Hetriedtoshowtheirgoodsonimage,toexpressthemselvestogetfather'slove,buthisrealcharacter,unlikehisfather,willtendtofurtherdeepenthedistancebetweenthem.Whenherealizedthathewasalwayslearningabouthimfromotherpeople,hewasfrustrated.Thecommoninterestsoftheonlyisakitefighting,itmakesAmireagertowin,thestrongdesireledhimtomakealife-time-butregretdecisiontowinbabaappreciation,andinashortperiodoftime.Asagentleyoungman,hehadagoodtemperandwasfondofreading,andwasaverygoodyounggentleman.RahimKhansawhimasasmallstorywriterandunderstoodhimbecauseoftheirlove.AmirwaspoliteandmodestinfrontofRahim,showinghisgratitudeandencouragement.Atschool,hewasabrilliantpoetwhocouldreciteversesfromHassan."[...]weplayagamecalled"battleofthepoem".Everyoneintheclasswantmeintheirteam[...]ononeoccasion,Iputthewholeclassandwon"(Hosseini2006:21).AsPashtuns,hisidentificationwithPashtunsiscontradictory.Ontheonehand,hetreatedHassanasahalf-brother.Theyhadlearnedthefirststeponthesamelawninthesameyard.HespentallhisholidaysandHassanwatchingwesternmoviesandreadingHassan.Theyevenhad"ourtrees"andtheygaveintotheirnames.Evenafterhisbetrayal,whenhenoticedthatHassanhadtoservetheAssefatAmir’sbirthdayparty,itwasasourceofdeepfrustration.Ontheemotionalside,hewasonthesameboatasHassan.Ontheotherhand,theinfluenceofPashtunandotherchildren,hehadasenseofhierarchy.Hedidn'tthinkhehadevermadeHassanhisfriend,politicallyorreligiously.OtherpeoplearoundhimhavebeentellinghimthatHassanismuchlowerthanhisownPashtuns.Inthefaceofdifferentpeople,differentmaskswillbeinfluencedbyhisreligion,andAmirmakeshimasociety.Wecan'tblamehimforhisowncharacter.Heandhisfather,anyofhismasks,wereakindofcompanionshipforhim.

2.3.2Amir'sShadowInAmir’seyes,theshadowreflectedclearlyhissensitivity,selfishnessandcowardice,andinhiscommunityandsociety,especiallyhisfather,whichwasconsideredinappropriate.Sensitivityisreflectedinhisshamehimselfashethinksheisthemurdererofhismother,whichmakeshisbirthisnotpopular,dadandhisdadalwaysindifference.Baba'sapathywasthesourceofhislackofconfidence,doubtinghimself,jealousofHassanandinferiority.Aslove,heinstinctivelyyearnsforaboywhohasnomother'stendercareandfather'sattention,appreciationandlove.Father'sapathyledtohisunhealthycharacter.“Becausethetruthis,Ialwaysthinkbabahatedme.[...]Afterall,Ihavekilledhisbelovedwife,hisbeautifulprincess.ThelastthingIcoulddowastolookmorelikehim.ButI'mnotlikehim.Notatall.”(Hosseini2006:20)hiscowardiceshowedhimeverytimehefacedprovocation,challengeanddifficulty.Whenhefaces(Assefinsult,hefearsthatallnegativethoughts,suchashewillhowseriousdamage,heneverthoughtoffightingbacktoprotectherdignity.TheendresultisHasanstandontheirposition,whatevertheoutcome,Hassanishisresistance.RegardlessofhowmuchhethinksAssefnausea,evenusinginsultingwordstoAssefloveforAmir'sfathersaid,Amircanonlytrytoavoidhim.Therefore,itisnowonderthatmyfatherthinksheisalackofpersonalityboy.[...]"[...]havethemissingboyaboywon'tstandupforhimselfasamancannotstandup"(Hosseini2006:25).Fromthispoint,itisnotsurprising,ashemadehisownchoicebehindthewall,afraidofbeinghurt,hewouldratherbesacrificinghisbestfriend,ratherthanstandingupforHassan.Hiscowardicecausedhisselfishness,becausehewithdrawalfromanydangeroussituationtohim,andforcingHassaninthefaceofdanger.AccordingtoJung’sinterpretationoftheshadow,whenthesensitivity,theshadowoftheselfishandcowardlyassignedtothedungeonunconsciousprisoners,thesefeelingofinsecurityandarrogance,ruleconsciousnesstofear,neurosisandaggressivebehavior.Allthisledtoisolationanddepression.Inthatsense,thismakesAmir'sbehaviorunderstandable.Althoughseeminglygentlechild,heislikethedarknessofheartmakeitswayoutcrueltytoHassan,suchasmakingfunofHasan'silliteratewhenhereadastory,althoughhefeelshurthisteasingfoundHassan.Later,hecompletelybetrayedHassanandeventreatedhimcruelly.HeregrettedthathehadchosenHassanandthekite,andheloathedhimself,feelingguiltyofwatchingHassan'sfaceorhearinghisvoice.Inordertopunishhimself,toassuagehisguilt,hetriedhisbesttodriveHassanandAlioutoftheway,whichcausedanextremelypainfulinjurytothepeoplearoundhim.Atthesametime,hecuthimselfofffromotherpeople,exceptforhisfather.3Amir'sGrowthfromAdolescencetoAdulthood

3.1Amir'sTransformationAmirexperiencedtheextremehorrorswhenheandBabafledtoPakistan.AlthoughhealmostlosthissenseofBabaandwitnessedthedeathofKamal,oneofAssef'scolleaguesandKamal'sfathercommittedsuicide.EventuallytheysucceededinimmigratingtotheUnitedstates.Alltheseexperiencesacceleratedthespeeddevelopmentofhispsychological.IntheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStates,Amircompletedhishighschooleducationandenteredauniversity,whichenabledhimtoacquireacorrectoutlookontheworldandothersandhimself.BecauseofthelanguagebarrierofBaba,hegraduallybecamemoreindependent,andsometimeshadamediatingroleinmediatingthequarrelbetweenBabaandothercountries.Itwashappytocommunicatewithothersforhimforhelivedinaplacewherehecoulderasethesinsofthepastandmakeafreshstart.Theneighborsregradedhimasagoodboy.FleeingthemarketinAfghanistan,hemethisownprincess,Soraya,whobecamehiswife,andafewyearslaterhegainedaninspiration.Heachievedasenseofachievementbypublishingseveralbooksasawriter.Sincethedeathofhisfather,hehasbeentheonlyoneinhislifesincehisbirth,andhismarriagehasbecomecompletelyspiritual.FromthemomenttheyarrivedintheUnitedStates,Amirgraduallygainedspiritualindependence.Hisworshipofhisfatherneverstopped,butashegrewolder,hebecamelessdependentonbaba.AfterimmigratingtotheUnitedStates,Bababecameapersonwhocouldnotadapttosociety,andasayoungman,AmiradaptedtoAmericanlife.Tosomeextent,AmirandBabaexchangedroles,andAmirmainlydealtwiththelanguagebarrierandculturaldifferencesinbaba.ComparedwiththesituationinAfghanistan,Amirbegantoshoulderhisresponsibilitiesandintegrateintothesocialroleheshouldplay.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,hebecameawriterinthefutureinordertomaketheirowndecisions,whichiscontrarytothewishesoftheBaba,hehopesaftergraduationtobecomeadoctororalawyer,inordertoliveabetterlifeintheUnitedstates.Inchildhood,hepretendedtobeinterestedinhisfather'shobby,andtriedtoconcentrateonfootballtogainhisfather'slove.Eventhoughheknewclearlythathehadnophysicaltalent,helackedenthusiasmforfootball.HisdecisionagainstthewilloftheBabacanbeseenasanimportantstepinhisdevelopment,itreflectstheunderstandingofAmirhimself,andhaveaclearmind,whatishisownchoice,butnottosuccumbtotheintentionofhisfather.Hisdecisiononhisprofessionisthefirstsignofhisspiritualindependence.Thesecondstepinhisspiritualindependencewashismarriage.Comparedwithhisfatheronyoungpeople,Amir'smarriagerepresentedthestartofhisadult,fromthemomentofhismarriage,hisroleisnotonlythefather'sson,andhiswife'shusband.Hehasanothersocialidentityandsenseofresponsibility,wh