语法专题突破专题十一主谓一致和特殊句式练习含解析

语法专题突破专题十一主谓一致和特殊句式达标检测Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．(2020·新高考卷)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection__is(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.解析：考查主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语asmallpartofamuseum’scollection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.中的is也是提示。故填is。2．(2020·新课标卷Ⅰ)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit__means(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”解析：考查主谓一致。根据上文“Thisreallyexcitesscientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时；主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means。故填means。3．(2020·江苏卷改编)Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthat__suitseveryone.解析：考查动词主谓一致。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是asolution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填suits。4．(2020·新课标卷Ⅱ)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers__carries(carry)specialsignificance.解析：考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。5．(全国Ⅱ)Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,__make(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.解析：第二个破折号之后为but连接的并列句，whateveritis是让步状语从句，主句为祈使句，所缺词是主句的谓语动词，应使用动词原形。故填make。6．(湖南Ⅱ)Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome__thatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.解析：分析句子结构可知此句为强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故用that。7．(2019·全国I卷)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six__are(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.解析：考查主谓一致。句意：在已经确认的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个在减少，6个稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。根据threearedeclining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polarbearsubpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时。故填are。8．(全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfood__is(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fastfood(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。Ⅱ．单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．(2020·新课标卷Ⅲ)Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.__第一个don’t改成doesn’t解析：考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语mydad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以don’t改成doesn’t。2．(陕西)Icouldn’tbelievemyluck—notonlydidIhadmyphototakenwithhim,buthesignedhisnameonmyshirt!__had→have解析：考查倒装句的谓语结构，“did＋主语＋动词原形”，故had应改为have。3．(浙江卷)Afterweleft,Isaid,“Thatwasveryniceofyou,Mother.ButIdidn’tthinkshelookedlikeGrandma.”“Neitherdidme，”saidMothercheerfully.__me→I解析：“neither＋助动词＋主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故me应改为I。4．(浙江)Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.__was→were解析：who引导的宾语从句中主语是we，谓语应用复数。5．(辽宁)Hardworkhavemadehimveryill.__have→has解析：work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。6．(陕西)Finally,therewereasuddenpullatthepoleandafishwascaught.__were→was解析：Therebe句型中be动词应该与其后主语asuddenpull在数上保持一致。7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.__include→includes解析：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。Ⅲ．语法填空Ourschoollibrary,alongwithmanyotherbuildings,isverydifferentfromotherschools’.There1.__are(be)twocomputerrooms,threeartrooms,ameetingroomandareadingroominthelibrarybuilding.Thenumberofthebooks2.__is(be)large.Itwas2,000,000dollars3.__thatallthebookscostourschool.Itissuchalargeamountofmoney4.__thatanaveragefamilycan’taffordit，right?Butinmyview，itisworthitbecauseintheeraofknowledgeexplosion，manystudentshaveathirstforknowledge.Ourlibraryisalsoamultifunctionalbuilding.Thereare500computersinit.Manyastudent5.__surfs(surf)theInternetatweekendshereandnowyoucanseethatmyclassmates,MikeandJohn,aresurfingtheInternet.6.__Howhappytheyare!Look!Aprofessorandwriter7.__is(be)deliveringaspeechinthemeetingroom.Everytimethereisawonderfulspeech,theaudiencealways8.__cheer/cheers(cheer)up.Whatlovelychildrentheyare!Enterourartroom9.__andyouwillfindateacherwithhisstudentsispaintingintheroom.Onthewall10.__are(be)about500pictures,whichattractmanystudents.文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。介绍了学校与众不同的图书馆。解析：1．本题考查了Therebe句型主谓一致问题。Therebe句型的主谓一致应遵循“就近一致”原则，故本句的谓语动词应与twocomputerrooms保持一致。因此填are。2．“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与thenumber保持一致，即用动词的单数形式。故填is。3．本题考查强调句型。被强调部分为2,000,000dollars。故填that。4．本题考查了“such…that…”句型。句意：这是如此大的一笔钱以至于一个普通家庭负担不起，是不是？故填that。5．“manya/an＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。故填surfs。6．本题考查感叹句。设空后为形容词。故填How。7．此处主语aprofessorandwriter(一位教授兼作家)，指的是一个人。故填is。8．theaudience作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。故填cheer/cheers。9．本题考查“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，本句型相当于“if从句＋主句”。句意：走进我们的美术教室，你就会看到一位老师和他的学生们正在教室里画画。故填and。10．本题考查倒装句。主语为about500pictures。将本句改为正常语序后为：About500picturesareonthewall。故填are。Ⅳ．短文改错Whenweweresmall,theteachertoldusthatwecouldhelpothers.OfferhelptosomeonewhoareinneedofhelpisChinesetradition.Today，wearehappilytoseethatpeoplegivetheirhandstotheoldandtheweak,butsomenegativeexamplesalsoexistatthesametime.Ithasreportedthatmanypeoplesawthewomanwasjumpingoffabridge.Buttheynotjusttookouttheircellphonesandtookpicture.Noonetriedtostopher.Itisapitywhatpeoplebecomesocold-blooded.Iftheycouldpersuadeheroutofkillingher,theywouldbesuccessfulinstoppingthetragedy.答案：Whenweweresmall,theteachertoldusthatweeq\o(could,\s\do11(should))helpothers.eq\o(Offer,\s\do11(Offering))helptosomeonewhoeq\o(are,\s\do11(is))inneedofhelpisChinesetradition.Today，weareeq\o(happily,\s\do11(happy))toseethatpeoplegivetheirhandstotheoldandtheweak,butsomenegativeexamplesalsoexistatthesametime.Ithaseq\o(∧,\s\do11(been))reportedthatmanypeoplesaweq\o(the,\s\do11(a))womanwasjumpingoffabridge.Buttheynotjusttookouttheircellphonesandtookeq\o(picture,\s\do11(pictures)).Noonetriedtostopher.Itisapityeq\o(what,\s\do11(that))peoplebecomesocold-blooded.Iftheycouldpersuadeheroutofkillingeq\o(her,\s\do11(herself)),theywouldbesuccessfulinstoppingthet