Unit8wele-reading知识点讲义牛津译林版英语八年级上册

教学目标教学内容8AU8NaturalDisastersWeleReading重点、难点掌握课文大意;灵活运用重要词汇教学过程重点词汇解析1.naturaldisasters【解析】(1)natural,adj,“自然的”，nature,n“自然”naturalgas“天然气”e.g.Woolenglovesarenaturalproducts.(2)disaster,n,可数，“灾难”anairdisaster“一次空难”e.g.Badweathersometimescausesnaturaldisasters.EX:①Everyyear,manynatural_________(灾难)happenallovertheworld.②Whatwasthemandoingwhenthe__________(地震)happened?③我们应该经常吃天然食品，少吃油炸食品。Weshould__________________oftenandseldomeatfriedfood.2.heartherain【解析】(1)hear“听到”，指听的结果；listen“听”，指听的动作e.g.Welistenedbutheardnothing.(2)hearof…听说…e.g.I’veneverheardofsuchaman.(3)hear＋that从句，听说…，e.g.Wehearthatthefamousactordiedlastyear.(4)hearfromsb＝receive/getaletterfromsb＝receivesb’sletter收到某人的信e.g.Ihopetohearfromyousoon.(5)hearsbdosth听到某人做某事hearsbdoingsth听到某人在做某事e.g.Iheardyousingthatdayintheclassroom.WhenIgottotheclassroom,Iheardyousingingintheclassroom.EX:①我希望能尽早收到你的来信。__________________________________________②WhenSandycametothecinema,sheheardsomeone__________inside.A.shoutB.shoutingC.shoutsD.toshoutmopupthewater【解析】(1)mop,vt.用拖把拖洗moppedmoppedmopping；mopthefloor“拖地板”e.g.Sinceyou'vesplitthemilk,you'llhavetomopit.(2)mopupsth/mopsthup“把…拖干净”，代词只能放在词组中间mopitup(3)n.“拖把”e.g.Pleaseusethemoptomopupthefloor.EX:①Who__________(用拖把拖干净)upthefloorforusyesterday?②()There’swatereverywhere.Willyouplease__________forme?A.mopupitB.mopitupC.tomopitupD.tomopupit③没有你的帮助，我不可能独自拖干净这水。Ican’t__________________________________yourhelp.4.losefinal【解析】(1)losev.lossn.lostadj.lost(过去式)e.g.Theywilllosethematchwithoutyourhelp.(2)win,v.“赢”，win+比赛，奖项，游戏等e.g.Ihopetowinthematchnextweek.EX:①Myfavouritenovelisl_____.Ifeelverysad.②Thel_____ofmyfavouritenovelmademeverysad.③()Theyfeltverysadbecausetheirbasketballteam_______thefinalthismorning.④我确信我们学校不会输掉明天的决赛。I’msureourschool______________________________________.5.fallfromtreesandhurtlegs【解析】⑴fallfrom…＝falloff…“从…上掉下；falldown“掉下”；fallover“向前摔倒”；fallinto…“掉到…里”e.g.Hewassocarelessthathefellintotheriver.⑵hurt→hurting现在分词→hurt过去式①v.伤…e.g.Hehurthisfootbyjumpingoverafence.②v.伤感情e.g.Hiswordshurtme.③v.(身体部位)痛e.g.Myfootstillhurts.EX:①杯子从桌上掉了下来。②这小男孩从树上掉下来,伤得很重.Thelittleboyfelloffthetreeand③()Theboy_______fromthetreeand_______hislegandarm.A.felt;hurtB.falls;hurtsC.fell;hurtD.fell;hurtscoachcrashesintotree【解析】(1)①coach,n.“长途汽车”，可数名词e.g.TheywenttoSuzhoubycoachlastweek.②n.“教练”e.g.Theircoachisverystrictwiththem.③v.“训练，指导”e.g.MrMaoftencoachedourteamforamatch.(2)①crash,不及物动词，“猛撞，撞毁”crashinto“撞到......上”，相当于knock/runintoe.g.Thecarcrashedintoawall.②n,“突然的响声，撞坏，坠毁”e.g.Theredcarhitthebridgewithacrash.EX:①Hurryup!Allthe__________(长途客车)arewaitingforus.②Somedisastershappenbecausepeoplearecareless,traffica_________,forexample.③()Thedriverdrovehiscarafterdrinkingandcrashed________atree.floodwashesawayvillage【解析】wash,及物动词，“冲掉，冲走”，多用washsthaway或washawaysthe.g.Thefloodwashedawayseveralcars.washoff/out“洗掉”washoneself“洗澡”EX:①Healwaysbrusheshisteethandw________hisfaceaftergettingup.②Afloodcanwashthevillagea________.③可怕的洪水冲走了成百上千的人。Theterrible_________________________________________.catchfire【解析】译为“着火，起火”，强调动作；beonfire也可译为“着火”，强调状态。e.g.Papercatchesfireeasily.startafire“点火”；takefire“着火”；makeafire“生火”；setfiretosth=setsthonfire“防火”EX:①Theboysplayedwithmatchesandstartedabig__________(火灾)inanoldhouse.②昨晚雷电击中了一幢教学楼并且着火了。Lightning_______________________andit__________________lastnight.③()Thathouse_________firebecauseitwastoohotinsummer.A.catchesB.catchC.caughtD.wascatchingshake【解析】(1)v.摇动，晃动,过去式shook.e.g.Inanearthquake,wecanheartheearthshake.shakehandswithsb“与某人握手”；shakeup“摇匀”shakeoff“抖掉”；shakeone’sheadatsth“摇头”e.g.Thefamoussingershookhandswithme.(2)n.摇动，震动EX:①Givethebottleagood________(摇动)beforeopening.②Thefloor________(shake)slightlywhenshewalkedacrosstheroom.③正在摇头的男孩是我的哥哥。Theboy_________________________________.shout【解析】shoutforhelp=screamforhelp大叫寻求帮助shoutat冲某人嚷嚷(带有情绪)shoutto朝某人大叫(声音高)EX：①Theoldmanwass_________foramoment,thennoddedandwentout.②不该对着老人大叫。______________________________________________③那个在黑暗中的女孩正在大叫寻求帮助。Thegirl____________________________________________重点短语归纳naturaldisasterswakeupbeallwetmopupthousandsofcrashintoatreewashawayfallfrom...catchfirehappentosbatfirstinfearrunoutof...tryone’sbesttodosthinalldirectionsfalldownedownnot...atallsaytooneselfamomentoffeargothroughone’smindcalmdownshoutforhelpfindone’swayoutmoveawayatlastfalltothegroundbefastasleep重点句型讲解WhowillmopupthewaterifIgohomewithoutyou?【知识剖析】(1)“will+动词原形”表示“将要做”。begoingto与will的区别：begoingto表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态e.g.There’sgoingtobeanEnglishfilmthisevening.打算或准备要做某事e.g.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtopickapples.根据某种迹象判断可能要发生某事e.g.Lookatthosedarkclouds.It’sgoingtorain.will的用法：表示带有某意愿色彩的将来时e.g.Iwillstaywithyouandhelpyou.问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令e.g.Willyougototheparkwithme?表示客观的将来e.g.Iwillbetwentyyearsoldnextyear.(2)if是连词，以为“假如，如果”，引导条件状语从句。在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作，主句用一般将来时。e.g.I’llvisittheGreatWallifitdoesn’traintomorrow.EX:①()Idon’tknowifhe_______tomorrow.Ifhe_________,I’llringyouup.Aes;esB.wille;esCes;willeD.wille;wille②()Weweresleeping________theheavyrainstartedlastnight.A.ifB.afterC.whenD.as③Whocanhelpmewithmyworkifyou___________(notbe)freethisevening?④()Weneedtolookafterthechildren.Wecan’tleavehere_________tomorrow.Peoplescreamedinfear.【知识剖析】(1)fear“害怕，恐惧”e.g.Icouldn’tmovebecauseoffear.(2)fear,v;fearful,adj“害怕的，可怕的”e.g.Thatwasafearfulstorm.Hewasfearfulofheranger.(3)fearless,adj“指人无谓的，不怕的”e.g.Thelittleboyisfearlessinthedark.(4)infear“害怕”；infearof“害怕......”；withfear“由于害怕”；forfear“因为害怕”e.g.Thelittlegirlwasunabletospeakforfear.Thethiefpassedthedayinfearofdiscovery.“in+表示某种情绪的名词”指处于某种情绪状态之中。EX:①当碎玻璃和砖块纷纷掉落下来，人们恐惧地尖叫。People_______________________________________werefallingdown.②他惊恐地看着冲过来的洪水。Helookedatthefloodrunningtowardshim_____________________.Itriedmybesttorunout.【知识剖析】(1)tryone’sbest“尽力”，相当于doone’sbest,后接动词不定式。e.g.Wemusttry/doourbesttopletethework.best作名词，getthebestof...“战胜......,占......便宜”givesbbest“认输，向某人致意”e.g.Allright,theygivemebest.(2)runout“跑出去”，runoutof“从......中跑出去”e.g.Heranoutoftheclassroomamomentago.EX:①他们尽力去搬开砖块，但没有成功。They______________________________________,Ifailed.②()Itwasinterestingthatarabbitran_______theboxonthedesk.A.outB.fromofC.outfromD.outof③()Iftheearthquakehappens,youshouldrun_________theemptyground.A.outofB.outtoC.outfromD.outat4.Peoplewererunninginalldirectionswhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.【知识剖析】(1)while①在......的时候；和...同时e.g.WhilehewaswatchingTV,hefellasleep.②而，表示对比e.g.Ilikemusic,whilehelikesmusic.(2)①directions,“方向”，可数名词。e.g.Butterfliesflewawayinalldirections.②“指示，说明”，通常使用复数形式e.g.Takethismedicinefollowingthedirectionsonthebottle.③direction的用法：inalldirections“四面八方”=ineverydirectioninthesame/oppositedirection“朝相同/不同的方向”(3)glass,不可数名词，“玻璃”，piecesofglass“玻璃碎片”EX:①Myteacherwantedmetohaveone_________(方向).②灰太狼出现后，羊们四处逃跑。WhenGreyWolfcame,thegoats_____________________________.③()Iwasgoing55milesanhour_________thepoliceofficerstopped.④()Mygrandfatherwasreadingnewspapers_______Iwasdoingmyhomework.Ididnotknowifanyoneelsewasnearme.【知识剖析】if,“是否”，引导宾语从句，注意与条件状语从句区分。e.g.Iwanttoknowifitisright.Iwilllosethegameifyoudon’thelpme.EX:()①Morning,class.Is_______absent(缺席)today?No,sir.________ishere.A.anybody;NobodyB.somebody;EverybodyC.somebody;AnybodyD.anybody;Everybody()②________Iwastakingashower,Isuddenlyheardsomenoise.()③Iwanttoknowifwe_______ontheschooltriptoSuzhouifit_______foggytomorrow.A.willgo;isB.go;willbeC.go;isD.willgo;willbe()④Youdon’tneedtoworrytoomuch________westillhavehalfanhour.6.I’mtrapped,Isaidtomyself.【知识剖析】(1)①trapv.trappedbetrapped/gettrappede.g.Hewastrappedintheoldhouse.②betrappedin/at/under＋地点，被困在某地(2)saytooneself“自言自语”EX:①当他被困在下面的时候没有任何东西吃。Hehadnotingtoeatwhenhe_______________underit.②Theytheburninghotel.（被困在）③Theliftbrokedownandweweret_________inside.Amomentoffearwentthroughmymind,butItoldmyselftocalmdownsinceIwasstillalive.【知识剖析】(1)moment,n.可数“片刻，瞬间”，amomentoffear“一阵恐惧”e.g.Thisisthehappiestmomentofhislife.atthemoment“此时，此刻”forthemoment“暂时”inamoment“立刻”foramoment“一会儿”atanymoment“随时”amomentago“刚才”justamoment“等会儿”(2)through与across的区别：through通过，穿过(空间)，侧重指从一个物体的内部或空间的一头纵穿到另一头。across横过，穿过，跨过，侧重指从物体表面的一边到另一边。e.g.Wewerewalkingthroughtheforestwhiletheywereswimmingacrosstheriver.(3)calm是不及物动词，意为“平静下来，镇静下来”，calmdown是“动词+副词”结构，其宾语是代词时，只能放在两者之间。(4)alive活着的，作表语，反义词dead，catch…alive活捉。living活生生的，作定语,也可在系动词后作表语，反义词dead.e.g.Wewerehappythatthelittlegirlwasalive,Therearenolivingthingsinthemoon.Ishisgrandfatherstillliving?(5)since,既然，由于e.g.Sincehewasbusy,hedidn’te.辨析：since,as与because①since表示稍加分析就得出来的双方都知道的原因，意为“既然”，常用于句首。e.g.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.②as引导的从句多置于句首，表示十分明显的原因，意为“由于，鉴于”。e.g.Asyouweren’tthere,Ileftamessage.③because引导的从句常用于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示必然性；常用于回答why引导的问句。e.g.IwaslatebecauseIwasillyesterday.EX:①CouldIspeaktoyouforam____________?②()Tim’smotherwasfrightenedafterthebigstormandhetriedto_________.A.calmedherdownB.calmeddownherC.calmdownherD.calmherdown③听了这美妙的音乐后我平静下来了。I________________________________tothebeautifulmusic.④她突然不流泪了，脑中掠过一阵恐惧。Suddenlyhertearsstoppedand____________________________.⑤He.他活捉了一头熊。Isuddenlyheardsomenoiseaboveme.【知识剖析】above,介词，意为“在......上面，上方”。e.g.Mybedroomisjustabove.above,over和on的区别：①above意为“高于，在......之上”，它表示某物体处于比另一躯体更高的位置，但不一定在正上面，反义词为below.e.g.Theplaneisflyingaboveourheads.②over意为“在......的正上方”，指垂直方向，但不接触，反义词为under.e.g.Hejumpedoverthedeskeasily.③on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个上面。e.g.MyEnglishbookisonthedesk.EX:()①Ithung(悬挂)there,abouttwentyfeet________theground.()②Atfirst,Davidfeltasenseofcold________hisbody.A.crossB.acrossC.byD.through动词填空Theladyinared